Gonococcal infection

GONOCOCCAL INFECTION

1. GONOCOCCAL INFECTION Dr . T.Arivazhagan Post Graduate Department of Pathology

2. GONORRHEA Greek word GONOS – SEEDS RHOIA - FLOW

3. Morphology Gram - ve diplococci Shape of coffee bean appearance Aerobic bacteria Grow best on enriched media – lysed sheep’s blood agar

4. 15 species are available Pathogens – N.Meningitis,Gonorrhea,Cuniculi Others non pathogens

5. Important cause of sexually transmitted disease It is second only to C .Trachomatis Men – Urethritis Women – often asymptomatic , may go unnoticed Untreated – Leads to PID – Infertility or Ectopic pregnancy

6. Usually manifest in the genital or cervical mucosa Disseminated infections also can occur Commonly seen in person who lacks complement proteins That forms a membrane attack complex

7. mac Normally permeable of water & ions into the cell Leads to lysis & death of the microbes Usually occurs thin wall microbes like NEISSERIA

8. Neonatal gonococcal infection Cause conjunctivitis Leads to blindness Preventable by instillation of silver nitrate or antibiotics

9. Pathogenesis Organism adhere & invade the nonciliated epithelial cells Nasopharynx, urethra, cervix Initially adherence mediated by long pili Bind to the CD46-expressed all human nucleated cells OPA proteins located outer membrane of the bacteria Which increase & promote the entry of bacteria into the cell

10. It posses antigenic variation property By which escape from the immune response It can generate new antigens by special genetic mechanisms This mechanisms involves both pili & OPA proteins

11. PILI Pili are composed of polypeptides Encoded by pilin gene – consists of promotor & coding sequence for 10 to 15 pili protein variants At any point in time only one of these coding sequence is adjacent to the promotor Allowing it to be expressed

12. OPA PROTEIN OPA protein – contain several repeats of 5 nucleotide sequence Frequently deleted or duplicated Shift the reading frame – It encodes new sequence