Gorwth Promoters in Poultry Nutrition.pptx

using growth promoters in poultry industry

1. University of Duhok College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences Growth Promoters in Broiler Industry Prepared by: Nechirvan H. Ramadhan Artoshi MSc in Poultry Nutrition [email protected] 07504839910 10/5/2022 1

2. Introduction to Broiler Chicken Industry: Broiler production is one of the most important exchequer of white meats in any country that because the high costs of red meat as compared with white meat , which has its crucial position in the national economy (Al-khatib and Al- Hassani 2016). With the increasing demand of poultry meat over the world, poultry farmers want to improve the productivity of their broiler chickens. Broilers today grow much quickly and reach higher market weights than ever before because of genetic improvement and the feed formulation also through improved management practices in broiler industry. to solve these problem and improvement the nutritional and biological characters of broiler chicken, growth promoter have been used escalating in broiler production (Lee et al., 2003). The highest demand for broiler meat led the producers to intensive livestock production. In intensive farming, diseases spread quickly among birds, this situation obligate breeder to apply treatment for all birds in the group as a protective measure against infection ( GuerreroLegarreta and Hui, 2010). 10/5/2022 2

3. Feed additives Feed additives: are non-nutritive product used in minute quantities to improve : - Feed Quality - Nutrient Utilization - Growth Performance Feed additive: are the materials that are administered to the animal to enhance the effectiveness of nutrients and exert their effects in the gut or on the gut wall cells. Feed additives can boost the results of quality feeds. Most of the feed additives improve gut health. 10/5/2022 3

4. Benefit of feed additives Better nutrient absorption and utilization . Reduce the growth of intestinal pathogens . Improve production performance. Improve feed conversion efficiency . Reduce stress. Minimized the chance of disease . Provide the feed with better quality . 10/5/2022 4

5. Type of Growth promoters Antibiotic growth promoters (amoxicillin, colistin, neomycin,…) Natural growth promoters: Probiotic Prebiotic Herbs (phytogenic growth promoters) Yeasts Enzymes Vitamins and mineral,…….. 10/5/2022 5

6. Advantage of using growth promoters in broiler industry: Rapid development of a healthy gut microflora. Stabilization of digestion. Increase growth performance. Stimulation and rapid maturation of the immune system. Reduced incidence of diarrhea. Improved feed efficiency. Lower mortality. 10/5/2022 6

7. Using Antibiotic in Broiler Chicken Industry Antibiotic are chemical compounds produced by other microorganisms (e.g. fungi, and are also synthesized in the laboratory) that, when given in small amount halt the grow of bacteria. They are used at therapeutic levels to treat diseases caused by bacteria . In subtherapeutic levels added to feed to enhance the rate of growth. Generally, using antibiotics drugs which could be administrated in the feed , in drinking water or by injection in poultry for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes and they include a large number of different types of compounds ( Elmanama and Albayoumi , 2016). It are low molecular weight and can inhibit the growth of other microorganisms even in low concentration and produced by algae and fungi (Nir and Ve-Senkoylu , 2000) and it are substances that destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria (Shareef, 2009). 10/5/2022 7

8. Antibiotic growth promoter Used in animal feed since 1940s Antibiotic with low dose used to improve growth performance. Good for growth but many demerits i.e. - drug resistance - drug residues transfer to human - transfer of drug resistant bacteria to human Antibiotic growth promoter has been banded in livestock and poultry diets in 2006 by the European Union ( Castanon , 2007). 10/5/2022 8

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11. Phytogenic feed additives Phytogenic or Phyto biotic are a group of natural or non-antibiotic growth promoters, derived from herbs , spices or other plants, essential oil .( Thyme, Black Seeds, Mint, Rosemary ,……). Phytogenic are approved in chicken feed in EU and USA (Hooge,2004). 10/5/2022 11

12. After the ban on antibiotics, more herbs are used as feed additives for a better growth condition. Due to the wide variety of active components, different herbs and spices affect digestion processes differently. Most of them stimulate the secretion of saliva. Curcuma, cayenne pepper, ginger, anis, mint, onions, fenugreek, and cumin enhance the synthesis of bile acids in the liver and their excretion in bile , what beneficially effects the digestion and absorption of lipids. Most of the prelisted spices stimulate the function of pancreatic enzymes (lipases, amylases and proteases); some also increase the activity of digestive enzymes of gastric mucosa. 10/5/2022 12

13. Function of phytogenic feed additive: Stimulation secretion of digestive enzymes. Anti-bacterial activity. Anti-viral activity. Enhancement of immune system of the bird. Anti-oxidant role. Reduction of ammonia emission from poultry barns. 10/5/2022 13

14. Different between antibiotic growth promoters and Phyto-active ingredients in poultry industry: 10/5/2022 14

15. Probiotic Its defined as a live microbial food supplement that beneficially affects the host animal by improving the intestinal microbial balance. Beneficial microbes produced enzymes that complement the digestive ability of the host and their presence provides a barrier against invading pathogens. 10/5/2022 15

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18. Prebiotic Its defined as compounds other dietary nutrient that modify the balance of the microflora population by the promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and thereby provide a healthier intestinal environment. 10/5/2022 18

19. Different between probiotic and prebiotic 10/5/2022 19

20. Enzymes Fibrolytic enzymes such as cellulase , phytase , xylanase and beta- glucanase increase nutrient utilization efficiency, eliminate toxic effect of feed in non-ruminant. In ruminants, rumen microbes produce sufficient quantity of these enzymes. Its apparent that enzymes substantially improve feed digestibility and animal performance. 10/5/2022 20

21. Potential alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters: 1.Probiotices. 2. Prebiotics. 3. Enzymes. 4.immunostimulation. 5. Organic acids. 6. Phytogenic feed additive. 10/5/2022 21

22. Mode action of antibiotic Target bacterial cell wall (Penicillines, cephalosporines). Target cell membrane(Polymyxins). Target essential bacterial enzymes (quinolones, sulfonamides). Target synthesis of protein (tetracycline, macrolides, aminoglycosides, amphenicol). Mechanism work of antibiotic is related interactions with intestinal microbial population (Dibner and Richards, 2005; Niewold , 2007). The main objective of antibiotic as growth promoters in poultry industry through improved feed conversion , better appetite , stimulation of the immune system , higher vitality , regulation of the intestinal microflora (Schwarz et al., 2001; Bach Knudsen, 2001). 10/5/2022 22

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