Gourami 1

Breeding & Hatchery Management of Gourami Fish

1. Gourami Jayant Tiple III Year, B.F.Sc. College of Fishery Science, Udgir , Dist : Latur , Maharashtra, 413517

2. Origin :Africa & South East Asia

3. Introduction Friendly community fish. Pelvic fins are sharped and long. Omnivorous. Surface dweller and insectivores . They are very hardy in nature and can survive in foul water.

4. Systematic position KINGDOM : Animalia PHYLLUM : Chordata CLASS : Actinoptergii ORDER : Perciformes FAMILLY : Osphronemidae GENUS : Trichogaster SPECIES : Trichogaster lalius Male and female species Dwarf gourami

5. Species Trichogaster leeri ( Pearl gourami) Helostoma temminckii (Kissing gourami) Trichogaster trichopterus (Three spot gourami) Sphaerochthyes osphoromoenoides (Chocolate gourami) Trichogaster chuna (Honey gourami) Colisa labiosa (Thick lipped gourami )

6. Brood stock management Pond reared brood stock are selected. Pond reared Brood generally kept in ponds or tanks in environmental condition such as photoperiod , temp. & pH controlled. Conditioning necessary to increase the number and quantity of eggs produced and controlled the timing of maturation & spawning.

7. BROOD STOCK MAINTANANCE ACCIMITAZATION FEEDING PARENT STOCK SIPHONIG OF WATER

8. BROOD STOCK MAINTANANCE STEP-1 STEP-2 Matured male and female fishes are reared in aquarium(60×30×30)cm3 Before stocking they have to give a short treatment of bath treatment with 2% potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution for (3 to 5)min . They are feed on zooplankton . They are feed with commercially available feed.

9. STEP-3 The accumulated fecal materials were siphoned out daily morning in order to maintain healthy condition of fishes STEP-4 After 15 days of acclimatization the fishes were transferred for breeding in the ratio of 1:1. TEMPERATURE (27-30) ̊c DO (5.5-7.8) ppm PH (7-8.6) HARDNESS (50-150) ppm AMMONIA (0.9-1.5) ppm Physico -chemical parameters recommended ------------------( K.F.shima et; al..)

10. ACTUAL PHYSICO CHEMICAL PARAMETERS PARAMETERS RANGE TEMPERATURE (28-30 ) ̊C PH 7.0-7.3 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (5-7) ppm ALKALINITY (135-138) mg/ lt HARDNESS (461-471) mg/ lt

11. SEXTUAL DIMORPHISM In case of male ,it was larger than female by body size.In the last tip of dorsal fin of male, it was pointed outside but, it was rounded in case of female . Belly of the female during season is more bulginess than the male .

12. SEXTUAL DIMORPHISM Female : Trichogaster lalius Male: Trichogaster lalius

13. Breeding Breeding season : April – August Gourami is nest-builders. Mature male developed dark color and female shows bulging abdomen. Male very aggressive in nature & kill female. pH : 7 – 7.5 Temp. : 26-30 c Hatchling take place in 24 hours. After 36 hours fry are at free swimming state. relative fecundity of Trichogaster lalius was varrying from 747to 823 numbers of ova.

14. BREEDING UNIT(1:1) MALE CHASES FEMALE MALE PREPARE BUBBLE NEST SUEEZING OF FEMALE

15. Floating bubble -nest Nest-builders

16. Eggs were stored in the cup for fraction of time and male also squeezed out milt for fertilization. No of eggs are released mainly depend upon pressing skill of male during courtship After every matting these released eggs are collected by male in his mouth for few seconds and adds saliva on outer surface of eggs to make them sticky. As soon as spawning is over male guarded his nest and do not allow female to come near to the nest. At that time, female has to be taken out from the tank ,if not it may eat up all eggs, or male can damaged her seriously. After removing female from the tank ,it should be treated with potassium permanganate(KMno4)just to avoid infection.

17. MALE SUPRESSED FEMALE KMNO4 TREATMENT OF FEMALE MALE GUARD HIS NET FERTILIZED EGGS

18. EMBROYNIC DEVELOPMENT Embryonic development is seen with help of phase contrast research microscope . Eggs are collected from the tank with a pipette and place in a glass slide. Under (26-28) ̊c temperature it takes 24-30hrs to become hatchlings.

19. EMBROYNIC DEVELOPMENT EGGS 5HR 4HR 3HR 8HR 9HR 10HR 11HR 12HR 45MIN 1HR 2HR 7HR 6HR 15MIN

20. EMBROYNIC DEVELOPMENT 13HR 19HR 18HR 23HR 24HR 25HR 26HR 14HR 22HR 21HR 20HR 15HR 16HR 17HR 13HR 18HR 14HR 15HR 16HR 17HR 19HR 21HR 20HR 13HR 18HR 14HR 15HR 16HR 17HR

21. HATCHLINGS The newly born larvae attached to the bubble nest for next three days, until the yolk sac was totally absorbed and then the hatchling black comma shaped larvae swim horizontally after 3th to 4 th day of breeding . At that time male was removed from the tank. LARVAL REARING UNDER LABORATORY REARING OUTDOOR POND REARING

22. Larval rearing Provide live food infusoria . After 6-7 days provide brine shrimp or cladocerans . Feed 3-4 time in a day .

23. LARVAL REARING UNDER LABORATORY RAEARING From the 1 st to 3 rd day no feed was given as nourished from the yolk sac . From the 4 th to 10 th day the feeding was done with laboratory prepared green water containing micro algae, mostly chlorella . From 11 th to 20 th day the hatchlings were fed on laboratory prepared infosurians and boiled egg yolk . From the 21th day onwards the feeding gradually switched to Copepodes,Cladocerans,Ostracodes,Insect larvae as young grew Tubifex worms was included in daily diet. From the 1 st to 3 rd day no feed was given as nourished from the yolk sac . From the 4 th to 10 th day the feeding was done with laboratory prepared green water containing micro algae, mostly chlorella .

24. HATCHLINGS 1 st day 4 th day 3 rd day 2 nd day 6 th day 5 th day 8 th day 7 th day

25. INFUSORIA CULTURE CP FEED LARVAL feeding PLANKTON COLLECTION TUBIFEX

26. Nursery pond management Releasing of larvae Boiled egg yolk for feeding Application of chicken manure Live moina LARVAL REARING door POND REARINGOUT

27. grow-out pond management Grow out pond rearing Grow out pond rearing Grow out pond rearing Grow out pond rearing

28. Thank you