Governance and government ..............

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1. GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT

2. What does this do? 2

3. Why is he there? 3

4. Why is this important? 4

5. Most of our activities in society, from our hobbies to our businesses and employment, have to be coordinated . Without some element of coordination, conflicts can surge and social life can be distressing . 5 5

6. 6 Role-Play Time Form three groups. Each group is required to perform a one- to two-minute skit demonstrating the problems in one of the following scenarios to be assigned to them randomly (two minutes to prepare): a basketball game without any referee or official a busy street without any traffic rules/system an unmonitored clean river with plenty of fish free for everyone to exploit unlimitedly

7. 7 Role-Play Time After a group has presented its skit, the other groups must assess the performance and give their opinion on how the scenario presented can be improved.

8. 8 WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF THE PROBLEMS IN THE PRESENTED SCENARIOS?

9. 9 WHAT OTHER REAL-LIFE SCENARIOS DEMONSTRATE THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE ACTIVITY’S SCENARIOS?

10. 10 HOW IMPORTANT IS IT FOR OUR SOCIAL ACTIVITIES TO HAVE A GOVERNING BODY?

11. 11 BASED ON THE SCENARIOS DISCUSSED, HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT?

12. 12 Why is it important to have a system of governance in society? Who should lead this system?

13. 13 GOVERNANCE The Concept of Governance derived from the Greek word kubernaein (to steer) LATIN WORD – GUBERNARE the whole set of processes involving multiple actors through which a society addresses its collective problems and needs

14. GOVERNANCE Manner of steering or governing, directing or controlling a group of people or a state The process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented.)

15. GOVERNANCE Directly related to politics since politics is the art of governance. Exercise of power or authority by political leaders for the well-being of the citizens Its complexity includes the promulgation of policies that affect directly human and institutions; economic and social development. There is a great deal in managing the proper utilization of the resources.

16. 19 GOVERNANCE It involves the ways a society handles its conflicts; makes its decisions; and sets its rules and regulations. e.g., how to use resources and which behavior to ban

17. 20 GOVERNANCE The Concept of Governance All societies practice it. Tribal societies → kinship system in hunting food, etc. Islamic sultanates → datus coordinated activities Modern societies → government creates and enforces rules

18. 21 GOVERNANCE Governance involves multiple actors. government businesses civil society groups church, schools, and media citizens and groups All these actors contribute in the ways the society solves its problems and needs.

19. 22 GOVERNANCE Governance differs per society. In societies under dictatorships , needs and problems are settled by only one person/group. In democratic societies, nongovernmental actors are welcome to give inputs (e.g., propose or complain about rules).

20. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE Participation - everyone can directly or indirectly partake in governmental processes. Rule of law- there is impartiality of the legal framework and full protection of human rights and dignities. Transparency- information is freely accessible.

21. 4 . Responsiveness- service to all stakeholders with a reasonable timeframe. 5. Consensus-oriented- there is a general agreement or unanimity of views or opinions and in facts. 6. Effectiveness and efficiency- result-oriented and best performance within the available resources. 7. Equitable and inclusive- “fair and for all” 8. Accountability- “ do you take full responsibility of your actions?”

22. DO WE HAVE SUCH CHARACTERISTICS?

23. GOVERNMENT

24. 27 GOVERNMENT The Government main actor in governance a set of offices entrusted by the citizens of a state to make, enforce, and settle conflicts involving rules and regulations in the society.

25. 28 GOVERNMENT The Government A system of social control under which the right to make laws and the right to enforce them is given to a particular group in society. Government power can be held by one individual, a few or a majority.

26. 29 GOVERNMENT presidential in form (has three separate and coequal branches) unitary in structure (national government is superior to local governments) The Philippine Government

27. 30 GOVERNMENT Branches of the Philippine Government EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICIARY implements the laws of the land proposes, makes, and revises the laws of the land interprets the laws of the land and settles conflicts regarding them

28. 31 GOVERNMENT Common Powers of the Government Because the citizens vest their sovereignty to the government, the government practices unique powers that other governance actors do not have.

29. 32 GOVERNMENT Police Power involves the ability to regulate behavior e.g., power to criminalize and punish certain behaviors

30. 33 GOVERNMENT Power of Taxation involves the ability to impose taxes to support government operations and services e.g., income taxes, property tax

31. 34 GOVERNMENT Power of Eminent Domain involves the ability to take private property for public use and services e.g., taking lands for building infrastructure

32. 35 Why is it important for the government to have these powers? 35

33. 36 GOVERNANCE AND THE GOVERNMENT In the process of governance, the government is usually the one that leads and supervises the process. It is supposed to use its unique powers to help society settle its collective needs and problems better.

34. 37 GOVERNANCE AND THE GOVERNMENT The government also leads governance because it has unique duties to protect and promote the citizens’ welfare , and uphold national interests . Other actors may not care about these.

35. 38 GOVERNANCE AND THE GOVERNMENT Sometimes, the government can be the source of problems in governance. e.g., corruption, extrajudicial killings (EJKs), discriminatory laws, failure to do its duties to the people

36. This is why governance has multiple actors . Everyone, most especially the government, must work together to make governance fair , inclusive , and effective . 39

37. LAW is another central concept in politics and governance. Law is basically any written statement that limits or guides the behavior of a certain group