Grade 9 Health Q1 ...................................

G9 Health Quarter 1

1. COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Health QUARTER 1

2. OBJECTIVE: At the end of this LESSON student will be able to: 1. Define community and environmental health (H9CE-Ia-8) 2. Explain how a healthy environment positively impact the health of people and communities (less disease, less health care cost, etc.) H9CE-Ib-d-10

3. Community refers to the people of a district or country considered collectively, especially in the context of social values and responsibilities; society. According to the Vitalyst Health Foundation, a healthy community is one where people have the opportunity to make healthy choices, in environments that are safe, free from violence, and designed to promote health.

4. Health is the condition of having freedom from illness and injury. It allows the individual to effectively deal with the demands of daily life through a sound body, mind, or spirit. Environmental health includes preventing disease and creating health – supportive environments.

5. Importance of Environment to Human Health We need safe, healthy and supportive environments for good health. The environment in which we live is a major determinant of our health and wellbeing. We depend on the environment for energy and the materials needed to sustain life, such as: clean air safe drinking water nutritious food safe places to live

6. HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS’ P0SITIVE IMPACT TO HUMAN HEALTH AND COMMUNITY

7. Many aspects of our environment – both built and natural environment – can impact on our health. It’s important that we interpret health issues in the wider context of our environment and where we live. The environment's effect on our health is complicated, yet it brings good and quality living if the latter is being cared and protected. There is sufficient knowledge from decades of research to take action in reducing environmental hazards.

8. A healthy environment contains conditions that provide the means and opportunity to achieve physical and mental being. It also provides link to a sound economy. Therefore, environment has a direct impact to human health. From beach clean-ups to mass tree-planting to marches, individuals, communities and governments have come out to stand shoulder-to-shoulder for our planet; advocated and acted for a healthy environment.

9. EXPOSURE TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS is associated with mental health benefits. a. Proximity to green space – associated with lower level of stress and reduced symptomology for depression and anxiety. b. Interacting with nature – improve cognition for children with attention deficits and individuals with depression

10. DETERMINANTS OF A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT Well – maintained homes Well – paved streets and roads Sanitary waterworks system Clean and safe mini-parks Abundant trees and greeneries Fresh air and clean natural waters Proper waste and disposal system Safe workplace

11. Actions towards a Healthy Environment Healthy and sustainably plant our grown food 1. stop the growing epidemics of obesity, diabetes and other chronic illnesses related to poor nutrition. 2. supports local economies and farming practices that reduce harm to people and the environment. Activities directed to improve environmental health Benefit such vulnerable populations of low income and minority communities that are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards and inequity. Health Benefits

12. Health programs that simultaneously strengthen access to healthy shelter, food, mobility, participation in decision making, and connection to community Reduce the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, some kinds of cancer, and many other outcomes. Health programs that simultaneously strengthen access to healthy shelter, food, mobility, participation in decision making, and connection to community Reduce the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, some kinds of cancer, and many other outcomes. Health care that reduces or eliminates the use of persistent, bio-accumulative toxicants, carcinogens or other high hazard chemicals. People will practice primary prevention, helping to reduce the risk of cancer, developmental disabilities and other chronic illnesses in our communities, and those up and down stream in the supply and disposal chains. Health care that reduces or eliminates the use of persistent, bio-accumulative toxicants, carcinogens or other high hazard chemicals. People will practice primary prevention, helping to reduce the risk of cancer, developmental disabilities and other chronic illnesses in our communities, and those up and down stream in the supply and disposal chains.

13. Reduce use of mined metals, minerals and fuels, and increase the proportion of sustainable, renewable energy and materials. Benefit communities by: 1. Making people practice primary prevention 2. creating green and healthy jobs 3. alleviating the adverse health effects of climate change which results to: a. decreased respiratory disease b. prevent injury from severe weather events c. stop infectious disease vectors, psychological trauma, and clean water shortages. Reduce use of mined metals, minerals and fuels, and increase the proportion of sustainable, renewable energy and materials. Benefit communities by: 1. Making people practice primary prevention 2. creating green and healthy jobs 3. alleviating the adverse health effects of climate change which results to: a. decreased respiratory disease b. prevent injury from severe weather events c. stop infectious disease vectors, psychological trauma, and clean water shortages.

14. Activity 2. A POEM TO REMEMBER Work together to protect and care for a healthy environment and remember the potential ways while savouring the great quality of living. Write an acrostic poem about the environment and how it positively impact the health and community. E mpower greeneries to smell berries__ __ A _________________________________ R _________________________________ T _________________________________ H _________________________________

15. Summary Healthy Environment A healthy environment contains conditions that provide the means and opportunity to achieve physical and mental being. It also provides link to a sound economy. Importance of a Healthy Environment - Brings good and quality living

16. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT TO HEALTH AND COMMUNITY • Happy relationships with others • Source of tourism revenue • Experience wildlife and relaxation • Infectious-free life • Higher productivity in works and life activities • Sense of propriety • Dynamic children’s attitude, mind-set • Individual has high intellect • Peaceful community • Basic needs are meet (food, water, shelter, income, safety, work) • Access to a wide variety of experiences • Diverse, vital, innovative economy • More education opportunities

17. 1. Dignified ecosystems reduce natural disasters and disease outbreak rise of food security increase services that support human health 2. Abundant trees and greeneries • High nutritional diet composition • Decrease cases of non-communicable diseases • Creates jobs to urban areas • Reduce stress 3. Tidy surroundings • Clear minds which prevent commotions or chaos • Healthy and safe space • Prevent infectious disease and repulsion 4. Clean recreational waters such as pools and aquatic zones • Safe and quality pastime for families • Provides source of foods • Local jobs • Develop skills in water - sport activities • Basic needs are meet (food, water, shelter, income, safety, work) • Access to a wide variety of experiences • Diverse, vital, innovative economy • More education opportunities

18. 5. Safe drinking water • Prevents water-borne infectious diseases • Helps in Getting Rid of Toxins • Improve sanitation facilities • A resource for agriculture and food production 6. Clean Air • Combat deaths from lung cancer, stroke, and heart disease • Reduce the risk of respiratory disease • Longevity of children, women, and elders lives 7. Sanitation • Reduce the severity and impact of malnutrition • Potential recovery of water, renewable energy and nutrients from faecal waste. • reducing the spread of intestinal worms, schistosomiasis and trachoma 8. Safe workplaces • promotes the wellness of employees and employers • increase in work productivity • fewer accidents

19. Types of Environmental Issues in the Philippines Poor Solid Wastes Disposal - Solid waste management remains a major challenge in the Philippines especially in urban areas like Metro Manila. Improper wastes disposal, inefficient wastes collection and lack of disposal facilities are among the dominant concerns in the country’s solid waste management. Unless these are addressed, the wastes generated from various sources will continually lead to health hazards and serious environmental impacts such as ground and surface water contamination, flooding, air pollution and spread of diseases. Solid waste refers to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic waste. The Philippines’ waste generation continues to rise with the increase in population, improvement of living standards, rapid economic growth, and industrialization especially in the urban areas.

20. 2. Water Pollution - Water pollution is one of the major environmental issues in the Philippines. The government continues to try to clean up the problem, implementing fines to polluters as well as environmental taxes, but many problems have not been addressed. In addition to this, during the dry season, many areas experience water shortages.

21. On its website, Greenpeace reports the water pollution in the Philippines is mostly wastewater from the following sources: 1. Industrial: The metal varies according to industry — lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium and cyanide. 2. Agricultural: Organic — decayed plants, dead animals, livestock manure, soil runoff; and non-organic — pesticides and fertilizers. 3. Domestic sewage: Contains pathogens that threaten human health and life. 4. Other sources: Oil, mine or chemical spills and illegal dumping in or near water.

22. 3. Air Pollution - As a recurrent problem in the Philippine, air pollution has been affecting 98% of the population resulted to 4,000 deaths annually. The Philippines ranked 57th out of 98 countries in IQ Air Visual’s list of the world’s most polluted countries in 2019. Air pollution in the region of manila has been linked to between 11,000 and 27,000 deaths in 2018 alone. Recently, Manila’s lockdown, a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is easing the Philippine capital’s notorious air pollution levels. Concentrations of fine particulate matter known as PM2.5 have dropped to a third of their normal levels in some parts of the city as road transport is curbed, businesses shut and personal mobility restricted.

23. The bigger challenge now is how to sustain the air quality, in which burning fossil fuel should be addressed. Although current pandemic is truly a catastrophic, it gave us the ideal picture of Filipino people being benefited with the quality of the air we need when clean sources of energy is utilize and not fossil fuel.

24. 4. Noise Pollution- Sounds by all means pervade our environment. It can be produce by humans yet, can also through other external source. But a sound annoying to one’s ear is nauseating and would cause exasperation. This defined as noise which can be harmful and is considered as an environmental pollution because it affects human health. According to WHO, noise pollutions is an Excessive noise seriously harms human health and interferes with people’s daily activities at school, at work, at home and during leisure time. It can disturb sleep, caused cardiovascular and psychophysiological effects, reduce performance and provoke annoyance responses and changes in social behaviour .

25. A close look to Philippines’ law, the Sanitation Code, or PD 856 (1975), classifies excessive noise as a nuisance , meaning anything that injures health, endangers life, offends the senses or produces discomfort to the community while the Environment Code, PD 1152 (1977) defines noise as an unwanted sound from a known source. Noise-related legal actions Actually, two kinds of noise stand out in this jurisdiction — industrial noise pollution and non-industrial noise pollution. Industrial noise is that unwanted sound emitted by machines and equipment found in a workplace such as generators and engines. Non-industrial noise , on the other hand, is community noise, also known as domestic noise. It ranges from sources such as air-conditioning systems, office machines, home appliances and neighbours activities.

26. 5. Climate Change Greenhouses gases are the main cause of climate change, trapping in the sun’s heat and warming the surface of the earth. An increased ocean temperature is affecting the sea life and ecosystems habituated there. The rise in global sea levels is shrinking our land, causing mass floods and freak weather incidents across the world. If we continue as we are, the world will suffer irreversibly. The Philippines is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including sea level rise, increased frequency of extreme weather events, rising temperatures and extreme rainfall. This is due to its high exposure to natural hazards (cyclones, landslides, floods, and droughts), dependence on climate-sensitive natural resources and vast coastlines where all major cities and the majority of the population reside.

27. 6 . Declined of Biodiversity- Of more than 52,100 species described in the Philippines, more than half are found nowhere else in the world. The Philippines are also home to some of the highest concentrations of critically endangered and endangered species on the planet. Several endemic species in the Philippines have only four percent of their natural forest habitat remaining. At sea, unsustainable fishing has reduced fish populations, putting pressure on the ocean’s ability to provide food and incomes. The nation is also an international hub for illegal wildlife trafficking, while the domestic exotic pet and bush meat trade continues to threaten biodiversity. Authorities lack support in enforcing national protection laws and are largely overwhelmed by the sheer volume of illegal activity. Poor communications infrastructure in areas where wildlife trafficking occur compounds the issue — as citizens and law enforcers find it difficult to report violations. Additionally, persistent negative practices and the lack of valuation of nature drive this harmful trade.

28. 7. Environmental Hazards: COVID – 19 – as the biological type of hazards We face countless environmental hazards every day. To better understand them, we can think of them as falling into these categories: physical, chemical, biological. Physical hazards are physical processes that occur naturally in the environment. These include natural disaster events such as earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanoes, blizzards, landslides, and droughts. Chemical hazards can be both natural and human-made chemicals in the environment. Human-made chemical hazards include many of the synthetic chemicals we produce, like disinfectants, pesticides and plastics. Some chemical hazards occur naturally in the environment, like the heavy metals lead and mercury. Biological hazards also known as biohazards , refer to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans. This can include medical waste or samples of a microorganism, virus or toxin (from a biological source) that can affect human health.

29. COVID – 19 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as biohazards is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. On 30th January 2020, the Philippine Department of Health reported the first case of COVID-19 in the country with a 38-year-old female Chinese national. On 7 March, the first local transmission of COVID-19 was confirmed. WHO (World Health Organization) is working closely with the Department of Health in responding to the COVID-19 outbreak. The Philippines, like several developing countries, is being dealt a particularly fierce blow by the coronavirus. Everyone is to observe the quarantine polices to avoid the spread of disease but social distancing is impossible in cramped urban areas.

30. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many on-going clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. WHO will continue to provide updated information as soon as clinical findings become available.

31. Summary * Environmental Issues Nature; Its causes and ways being worsen Poor Solid Waste Disposal 1. Improper wastes disposal 2. inefficient wastes collection 3. lack of disposal facilities Water Pollution 1. mining 2. toxins from factories 3. household synthetic chemicals - disinfectant 4. domestic sewage Climate Change 1. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil 2. Deforestation (clearing of land for agriculture, and industry) 3. production of livestock 4. cement production Declined Biodiversity 1. deforestation 2. unsustainable fishing-use of dynamites 3. illegal wildlife trafficking 4. domestic exotic pet and bush me at trade Environmental Hazards COVID – 19 as Biohazards 1. a person infected talks, coughs and sneezes through droplets of saliva 2. close contact to infected person within about 6 feet, or 2 meters 3. a person touches a surface with the virus

32. Bacteria and toxins Sustainable fishing It doesn’t affect the quality of human life. Greenhouse gas. It plays a crucial role in the sustainability of life illegal wildlife trafficking Discarded household wastes Lead and mercury Assessment: I. IDENTIFICATION. Write the correct answer. Choose from the choices inside the box. 1. _________ It is one of the different solid wastes identified in Philippines. 2. _________ Gases that are the main cause of climate change, trapping in the sun’s heat and warming the surface of the earth. 3. _________ A significant fact about environment. 4. _________ One of the causes of a declining biodiversity is _________. 5. _________ An environmental hazards that we may face every day.

33. II. TRUE OR FALSE. Write T if the statement is correct and write F if the statement is wrong. ____________ 1. Environmental problems occur from natural causes, although human behaviour has led to incite an environment corrosion. ____________ 2. “Environmental issues” consist of clarifying the nature of problems and how they emerge from human’s usage of the environment. ____________ 3. The COVID-19 is an infectious disease known as biohazards which means, from medical waste or samples of a microorganism, virus or toxin (from a biological source) that cannot affect human health. ____________ 4. Water pollution in the Philippines is mostly wastewater from different sources like oil, mine or chemical spills. ____________ 5. The Philippines is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as cyclones, landslides, floods, and droughts.