GRAMMAR 101- parts of speech with activities pptx

Grammar 101

1. GRAMMAR 101 - Khadija Jainal Instructor Dikkha .

2. There are only two types of articles in English. They are the definite article (the) and the indefinite article(a/an) The as a definite article is used to denote and define a particular person or thing • Example- The yellow-painted table is a special one. • The water in the well is safe. • The tiger is a dangerous animal • The Indian Express • The United States • The Mahabharata • The sun • The Moon • The Universe • The politician • The Nile The indefinite article doesn't point out anything in particular • I saw a woman in the garden. Example- A room • A flower • An egg • An honest man ARTICLES

3. I want ____ apple from that basket. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens. Eli likes to play ____ volleyball. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain. Albany is ___ capital of New York State. _____ sun rises in the east. Answers: An X A X An The The Directions: Fill in the blank with the appropriate article,  a ,  an , or  the , or leave the space blank if no article is needed

4. The demonstrative pronouns are- This, these, that and those. This orange is sour. These oranges are sweet. That truck is full. Those trucks are empty. I want this one. I want these. I'll take that one. I'll take those. Demonstrative pronouns Singular Plural This these that Those

5. Adjectives are words that add meaning to a noun. It is also regarded as something which qualifies as a noun. Examples – She wore a  beautiful  dress. Ben is an  adorable  baby. Linda’s hair is  gorgeous . Victorian building Honest worker Broken window Worried look Adjectives

6. Big  — large, enormous, huge, immense, gigantic, vast, Little  — small, tiny, miniature, minute Quiet  — silent, still, soundless, mute, tranquil, peaceful, calm, restful,  Angry  — mad, furious, enraged Happy  — pleased, contented, satisfied, delighted, elated, joyful, cheerful, Amazing  — incredible, unbelievable, improbable, fabulous, wonderful, fantastic, astonishing, astounding, extraordinary Beautiful  — pretty, lovely, handsome, attractive, gorgeous, dazzling, splendid, Brave  — courageous, fearless, magnificent, ravishing, graceful, elegant, fine Some common adjectives and their synonyms

7. Answer  — reply, respond, retort, acknowledge Interesting  — fascinating, engaging, sharp, keen, bright, intelligent, Delicious  — savory, delectable, appetizing, scrumptious, palatable, delightful, Think  — assume, believe, consider, contemplate, reflect,

8. You can describe someone’s appearance by talking about their gender, height, weight, age, hair color, or eye color . We can use adjectives to help describe someone. Adjectives for Appearance Gorgeous Beautiful Pretty Handsome Attractive Nice Stunning Good-looking Cute How to describe someone

9. Affectionate Ambitious Thoughtful Brave Bright Sensible Charming Happy Open-minded Compassionate Courageous Friendly Generous Dishonest Greedy Rude Selfish Unhappy Untrustworthy Adjectives for Personality

10. Describing Someone’s Age Young Middle-aged Old Describing Someone’s Build Well-Built Plump Thin Fat Slim Describing Someone’s Height Short Medium-height Tall Adjectives for Describing Someone’s Eyes Blue Brown Small Big round Oval Wear glasses Describing Someone’s Face Round Oval Square Long

11. A: There's a new girl in school, have you seen her yet? B: I haven't seen her yet. A: I think that she is very pretty. B: Tell me how she looks. A: She's kind of short. B: What height is she? A: She's probably about five feet. B: That's nice, but tell me what she looks like. A: She has pretty light brown eyes. B: I may know which girl you're talking about. A: Are you telling me that you've seen her before? B: I believe so.

12. Q1. He has light brown hair, green eyes, light skin tone. Q2. She has short red hair and blue eyes. Q3. She has curly dark hair, dark eyes, dark skin. Q4. he has straight brown hair, blue eyes, brown skin. Q5. she has short wavy brown hair and brown eyes. Q6. he has blond hair, blue eyes and tan skin

13. Comparative Degree Than is used after a comparative adjective in a sentence to show comparison of two things. Rohan is  smarter  than Abhishek . My hair is   longer  than my sister. John is  thinner  than Bob. He is  more intelligent  than his brother. Superlative degree Superlative degree  is used to compare two or more nouns. They’re also used to compare one thing against the rest of a group. It expresses highest intensity (quality or quantity) of a thing in comparison to other things. Mount Everest is the  highest  mountain in the world. Seema is the  most intelligent  girl in the class. My house is the  largest  one in our area.

14. The verb denotes the action in the sentence. Examples- Manu sits alone • He opened the door • They have changed a lot Regular and Irregular verbs A regular verb can be turned into past tense and the past participle by adding - ed or -d • Walked Smiled Killed Received Believed Verbs

15. An irregular verb forms its past tense and past participle in an altogether new form without adding - d or – ed Choose-chose-chosen Hold-held-held Build-built-built Go-went-gone Take-took-taken Know-knew-known Think-thought-thought Put-put-put Bring-brought-brought

16. Tenses can express the time of the action . The tenses of time can be present, past and future. A verb that denotes present time is the present tense . Example- The girl sings A verb that denotes past time is in the past tense . Example- The girl sang A verb that denotes future time is in the future tense . Example- The girl will sing Tenses

17. Tense Form Example Present Simple Write/ writes Continuous Is/am/are writing Perfect Has/have written Perfect continuous Has/ have been writing Past Simple Wrote Continuous Was/ were writing Perfect Had written Perfect continuous Had been writing Future Simple Shall/ will write Continuous Shall/will be writing Perfect Shall/ will have written Perfect continuous Shall/ will have been writing

18. The simple Present Tense- is used to show a permanent truth, habitual action, or present action. Example- she goes for a walk everyday. The sun rises in the east. Present Continuous Tense It is used to show an action that is going on at the time of the speech. A future action especially in spoken English. Example- They are listening •I am just leaving work. PRESENT TENSE

19. The present perfect tense is an English verb tense used to describe a an action or situation that started in the past and continues up to the present moment, or has just recently ended It’s easily recognized by the auxiliary verbs (or helper verbs)  have  and  has Example- “I  have gone  fishing since I was a child.” They have lived in this town for 10 years. He has never been to Paris. Present Perfect Continuous Tense It is used to show an action that began in the past and is continuing. Examples- Rema has been studying since four o'clock They have been working here since 2004

20. You can say- State the name of your hometown. Describe the place properly What it is known for How long have you been living there? Do you like living there/. Why or why not? How has your hometown changed over the years? My hometown

21. I live in _______. ________ is a _____ city. It is famous/ known for _______. I have been living here/ _____ for _____ years. I like living in _______. It is _____________, I don’t like living in ______. It is ________. Over time/ over the years ________ has become ______. Sample answer structure

22. I live in Dhaka. It is a vast city bustling with people. It is famous/ known for its food, culture and historic places. I have been living here/ in Dhaka for 3 years. I like living in Dhaka. It is a great city with a lot of health care institutions/ a lot of job opportunities. I don’t like living in D haka. It is a terrible city with many power cuts and horrible traffic.

23. You can say- When do you wake up?/ how do you start your day? What do you do next? When do you leave for work? How do you get to work? When do have lunch? When does your work get over? What do you do after reaching home? When do you have dinner? how long you have been following this routine your favorite time and activity of a day Daily routine

24. I wake up at 8 o’clock in the morning/ I usually wake up at 6 am. The first thing I do is _____ ( make my bed, freshen up, check my phone) After that, I have my breakfast at _____. / I go for a morning walk/ I meditate. I leave for work at _____/ I leave at ____ for work. I get to work by bus/ car/ rickshaw/ foot. At work/ after reaching my workplace, I do all my necessary task. I have lunch at around ______. I complete my work/ wrap up work by _____. Then I leave for home at around _____. After reaching home, I _____ (freshen up/ complete my prayers/ have tea and snacks/ spend time with the family/ friends, got for an evening walk, etc.) I have my dinner by _____. I have been following this routine for the last 3 years . I enjoy the morning shower, evening walks and my classes very much among the activities in a day of my life. Sometimes, playing football with my friends is thoroughly exciting and entertaining.

25. Simple Past Tense It is used to express an action completed in the past or to mention a habitual action in the past Examples • He took my cards yesterday He finished his tasks • He submitted the report yesterday. Past Continuous Tense It is used to show an action going on sometime in the past. Examples • He was working hard while his friends were idle He was playing all the evening • He was writing stories Past Perfect Tense It is used to describe an action that is completed at some point in the past before some other action began. Examples- They had already eaten dinner when we arrived• I had finished my tasks when he came • PAST TENSE

26. Past Perfect Continuous Tense It is used to describe a continuous action that began in the past and continued until another point in past. Examples- I had been studying for two hours when my friend called. They had been playing tennis for two hours before it started raining.

27. You should say : when the event took place where the event took place what happened exactly and explain why this event is memorable for you. Describe a memorable event in your life .

28. The event, I am talking about, took place about 10 years ago . Back then, I just loved to do swimming. In fact, it was one of my most favorite hobbies up and until I started my job. One day, when I was still living in my hometown, I went to do swimming in a lake which was located in another town . A s I was swimming in the lake on that day, I noticed that more children were swimming there than the adults. Of course, all the children were using floating tube to protect them from drowning . Then suddenly, I noticed that one child, about 3 years old, didn’t have any floating tube around her, and she was struggling to keep afloat while her floating tube was just floating away by itself. Fortunately, I understood the danger and immediately rushed to help the child without telling anything to anybody. As soon as I reached the child, I just grabbed her with my two hands and carried her to the shore while she kept crying. In the end, the child was saved and her mother thanked me in a very emotional voice. I t was a memorable event for me, primarily and surely because I saved the life of a little child and until that point, I had never really rescued anybody from such a danger.