Grammar and its grammatical errors and rules

Grammar and its grammatical errors and rules

1. Grammar for Style

2. “KANTA KO, DUGTUNGAN MO”

3. Activity: Correct the error Johns favorite hobby is playing the guitar. Hes been playing it since he was 10 years old, and he enjoys to perform in front of a crowd. Many people compliments his guitar skills and thinks he should pursue a career in music.

4. John's favorite hobby is playing the guitar. He's been playing it since he was 10 years old, and he enjoys performing in front of a crowd. Many people compliment his guitar skills and think he should pursue a career in music.

5. Grammar for Style

6. Grammar -  is a system of rules governing both spoken and written versions of a language Style - includes any issue that is a matter of preference.

7. 13 Grammatical categories

8. 1. Adjective or Adverb Adjectives  and  adverbs  are modifying words. Ex. Incorrect: She  did good on her exam.

9. Correct:     She did well  on her exam.  

10.     Incorrect  : I feel badly that he is not taking part in the game.

11.     I feel bad that he is not taking part in the game.

12.     2. Commonly Confusing Words List of most commonly confused words: Accept/Except Accept  is a verb which means to "agree or receive favorably." Except  is most often used as a preposition that means "excluding, leaving out, but."

13. Your/You're Your  is a possessive pronoun meaning "belonging to you." You're  is a contracted form of "you are." If you're planning to go to the concert with us, then don't forget your ticket.     Adapt/Adopt Used as a verb,  adapt  means to "make fit or adjust." Adopt  means to "accept as one's own or choose .“ Advice/Advise Advice  is a noun; it's an opinion given on something or someone. Advise  is a verb which means "to give or offer advice" or "notify ."

14. 3. Dangling Modifiers Dangling modifiers occur when the subject in the introductory phrase is not stated. Example Incorrect : By providing students the opportunity to interact with each other, they become more interested and motivated.

15. Correct: When the teacher provides students with an opportunity to interact with each other, they become more interested and motivated.

16. Incorrect: While reading  The Grapes of Wrath , the characters evoke pity.

17. C orrect: While I was reading  The Grapes of Wrath , I felt pity for the characters.

18. 4. Double Negatives A   double negative  is a statement which contains two negative words . Example: Incorrect: I ain't seen nobody.

19. Correct: I haven’t seen anybody .

20. Frequently used negative words are:   - no , not, nothing, never, none, no one, nowhere, neither, and nobody

21. Incorrect : I haven't barely started to think about my exam. Correct : I have barely started to think about my exam.

22. Incorrect: I miss not seeing him every day . Correct: I miss seeing him every day.

23. 5 . Inconsistent Verb Tenses Example: Incorrect Elizabeth Peabody was born in a school and thereafter felt destined to be a teacher. Her mother was a teacher and trains her daughters at her side. The academic life seems to suit Elizabeth, who thrived on the rigorous curriculum.

24. Correct: Elizabeth Peabody was born in a school and thereafter felt destined to be a teacher. Her mother was a teacher and trained her daughters at her side. The academic life seemed to suit Elizabeth, who thrived on the rigorous curriculum.

25. 6. Misplaced Modifiers Modifiers should be placed next to the words they modify, and any exception to the rule can produce ambiguity or even a complete lack of clarity .

26. Incorrect: While hunting in Africa, I shot an elephant in my pajamas.

27. Correct: While hunting in my pajamas in Africa, I shot an elephant .

28. Incorrect: The suspects were interviewed right after the crime was committed by the detectives. Correct : The suspects were interviewed by the detectives right after the crime was committed.

29. 7.Faulty Parallelism Parallelism- is the matching of the forms of words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence Exa mple: Incorrect I like to jog and walking.

30. Incorrect : We all need good nutrition and to exercise on a regular basis. Correct: We all need good nutrition and regular exercise.

31. 8. Pronoun Agreement Pronouns must agree in number, gender, and person with their antecedents . Example: Incorrect : Neither of my classmates are taking the trip this summer.

32. Correct: Neither of my classmates is taking the trip this summer.

33. Incorrect: Everybody has been bringing in their own lunch lately . Correct : Everybody has been bringing in his or her own lunch lately.

34. 9. Split Infinitives Split infinitives are a specific type of misplaced modifier. Example: Incorrect : She decided to instantly quit her job.

35. Correct: She decided to quit her job instantly.

36. 10. Faulty Subject-verb Agreement A verb must agree in person and number with its subject .

37. Incorrect: My friend, with his parents, are flying in today to visit me and my family . Correct: My friend, with his parents, is flying in today to visit me and my family.

38. Incorrect: Laura , together with a friend, practice yoga every day . Correct: Laura , together with a friend, practices yoga every day.

39. 11. Wrong Use of Numbers Numbers between 1 and 9 should be spelled out (in MLA style). When the writing sample uses numbers infrequently, or if APA style is followed, numbers between 1 and 100 should also be spelled out.

40. Incorrect: Students need to hand in 2 copies of their assignment. Correct: Students need to hand in two copies of their assignment. .

41. Numbers at the beginning of the sentence should also be spelled out with the exception of years : Two-thirds of the class scored in the mid 80s in their final exam.

42. 12. Apostrophe Apostrophe errors often occur when the plural form and the possessive form are confused.

43. Incorrect: Joneses yard is much bigger than Smith's . Correct: Jones's yard is much bigger than Smith's.

44. 13.Sentence Structure Vary sentence structure in writing so that what you write doesn't look like a list of things on the one hand or a long winding sentence that might never end on the other hand.

45. 13.Sentence Structure Vary sentence structure in writing so that what you write doesn't look like a list of things on the one hand or a long winding sentence that might never end on the other hand.

46. Activity: Find the error!

47. “Make mistakes. But don't regret them. Learn from them. Because regrets are the hardest thing to carry when you get older.” ―  Love, Stargirl

48. THE END!