GRAMMAR NOTE.pdf
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Oct 03, 2022
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About This Presentation
grammar
Slide Content
SirPlzCollections
BY ABDULLAH MAT NOOR
https://t.me/sirplz
1
BY ABDULLAH MAT NOOR
https://t.me/sirplz
1
CONTENTS
2
https://t.me/sirplz
Nouns Modal Verbs
Articles SV Agreements
QuantifiersAdverbs
Pronouns Prepositions
AdjectivesConjunctions
Verb Punctuations
Tenses Figurative Speech
Helping VerbsSynonyms/ Antonyms
2
https://t.me/sirplz
Nouns Modal Verbs
Articles SV Agreements
QuantifiersAdverbs
Pronouns Prepositions
AdjectivesConjunctions
Verb Punctuations
Tenses Figurative Speech
Helping VerbsSynonyms/ Antonyms
Sirplz Collections
3
Nouns refer to someone
(people), or something
(animals, things, plants,
activities, places, and
ideas). Nouns can be
specific (Proper Nouns)
or unspecific (Common
Nouns).
https://t.me/sirplz
3
Nouns refer to someone
(people), or something
(animals, things, plants,
activities, places, and
ideas). Nouns can be
specific (Proper Nouns)
or unspecific (Common
Nouns).
https://t.me/sirplz
•A common noun refers to an unspecific
person, thing, place, or idea.
Example: boy, girl, man, woman, cat, etc.
•These words are unspecific because we can
refer them to any boy, girl, woman, or cat.
•A common noun must start with a small letter
unless it starts a sentence.
•There are five types of common nouns.
COMMON NOUNS
4https://t.me/sirplz
Countable
Noun
Uncountable
Noun
Collective
Noun
Concrete
Noun
Abstract
Noun
person, thing, place, or idea.
Example: boy, girl, man, woman, cat, etc.
•These words are unspecific because we can
refer them to any boy, girl, woman, or cat.
•A common noun must start with a small letter
unless it starts a sentence.
•There are five types of common nouns.
COMMON NOUNS
4https://t.me/sirplz
Countable
Noun
Uncountable
Noun
Collective
Noun
Concrete
Noun
Abstract
Noun
•A proper noun refers to a specificor
particular name of a person, animal, plant,
thing, and place.
•A proper noun starts with a capital letter.
PROPER NOUNS
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ClassCommon NounProper Noun
peopleboy Hakim
animalmouse Mickey Mouse
plantcoconutCocosnucifera
thingcar PeroduaAxia
placeshoppingmallMydinMall
particular name of a person, animal, plant,
thing, and place.
•A proper noun starts with a capital letter.
PROPER NOUNS
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ClassCommon NounProper Noun
peopleboy Hakim
animalmouse Mickey Mouse
plantcoconutCocosnucifera
thingcar PeroduaAxia
placeshoppingmallMydinMall
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TYPES OF NOUNS
Type Meaning
Countable NounIt is a noun that we can
modify with numbers.
UncountableNounIt is anoun that we can’t
count with numbers.
CollectiveNounIt isa group of nouns but we
refer them as a unit.
ConcreteNounItis a noun that we can
perceive with our senses.
Abstract NounIt is a noun that we can’t
perceivewith our senses.
https://t.me/sirplz
TYPES OF NOUNS
Type Meaning
Countable NounIt is a noun that we can
modify with numbers.
UncountableNounIt is anoun that we can’t
count with numbers.
CollectiveNounIt isa group of nouns but we
refer them as a unit.
ConcreteNounItis a noun that we can
perceive with our senses.
Abstract NounIt is a noun that we can’t
perceivewith our senses.
https://t.me/sirplz
COUNTABLE NOUNS
We can count
them
bowl apple
flamingos people
COUNTABLE NOUNS
We can count
them
bowl apple
flamingos people
•We can divide the countable nouns into singular
nouns and plural nouns. Example:
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
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ClassSingular NounsPlural Nouns
people boy boys
animals cat cats
plants tree trees
things pencil pencils
places shop shops
activitysinging lessonsinging lessons
idea love loves
nouns and plural nouns. Example:
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
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ClassSingular NounsPlural Nouns
people boy boys
animals cat cats
plants tree trees
things pencil pencils
places shop shops
activitysinging lessonsinging lessons
idea love loves
CHANGING NOUNS: ONE TO MANY
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For most singular
nouns, we must
add –s at the end
of a noun
Example:
boy boys
girl girls
cat cats
tree trees
apple apples
For a singular noun
that ends with -o, we
must add –s or –es
Example:
piano pianos
photo photos
tomato tomatoes
mosquito mosquitoes
hero heroes
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For most singular
nouns, we must
add –s at the end
of a noun
Example:
boy boys
girl girls
cat cats
tree trees
apple apples
For a singular noun
that ends with -o, we
must add –s or –es
Example:
piano pianos
photo photos
tomato tomatoes
mosquito mosquitoes
hero heroes
10
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For a singular noun
that ends with –y, we
must add –s or -ies
Example:
day days
way ways
baby babies
story stories
fly flies
For a singular noun
that ends with –f or –
fe, we must add –s or
–ves.
Example:
roof roofs
puff puffs
wife wives
knife knives
leaf leaves
CHANGING NOUNS : ONE TO MANY
https://t.me/sirplz
For a singular noun
that ends with –y, we
must add –s or -ies
Example:
day days
way ways
baby babies
story stories
fly flies
For a singular noun
that ends with –f or –
fe, we must add –s or
–ves.
Example:
roof roofs
puff puffs
wife wives
knife knives
leaf leaves
CHANGING NOUNS : ONE TO MANY
https://t.me/sirplz
For a singular,
irregular noun, we
must add –en or
change the vowel.
Example:
child children
ox oxen
mouse mice
tooth teeth
foot feet
Some nouns share
the same spelling for
singular and plural.
Example:
deer deer
fish fish
sheep sheep
food food
scissors scissors
trousers trousers
CHANGING NOUNS : ONE TO MANY
For a singular,
irregular noun, we
must add –en or
change the vowel.
Example:
child children
ox oxen
mouse mice
tooth teeth
foot feet
Some nouns share
the same spelling for
singular and plural.
Example:
deer deer
fish fish
sheep sheep
food food
scissors scissors
trousers trousers
CHANGING NOUNS : ONE TO MANY
https://t.me/sirplz
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
We can’t count.
We consider them
as one.
sand
peppers
sugarjuice
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
We can’t count.
We consider them
as one.
sand
peppers
sugarjuice
https://t.me/sirplz
CONCRETE NOUNS
We can observe
them with our
senses
baby skunk
apple book
CONCRETE NOUNS
We can observe
them with our
senses
baby skunk
apple book
https://t.me/sirplz
ABSTRACT NOUNS
Abstract noun is
something that
We can’t perceive
by our senses but
we can feel
friendshiphappiness
confusion
fear
ABSTRACT NOUNS
Abstract noun is
something that
We can’t perceive
by our senses but
we can feel
friendshiphappiness
confusion
fear
•a herd of elephants
•a swarm of bees
•an orchestra of musicians
•a flock of sheep
•a bouquet of flowers
•a fleet of airplanes
•a cup of happiness
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
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A collective noun
refers to a group of
people, things, animals,
or plants . They are
considered as one unit.
•a swarm of bees
•an orchestra of musicians
•a flock of sheep
•a bouquet of flowers
•a fleet of airplanes
•a cup of happiness
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
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A collective noun
refers to a group of
people, things, animals,
or plants . They are
considered as one unit.
COMPOUND NOUNS
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Example:
table+cloth
tablecloth
sun+glass
sunglass
sun+light
sunlight
sting+ray
stingray
snow+flake
snowflake
A compound
noun is a noun that
is made up by two
or more nouns.
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Example:
table+cloth
tablecloth
sun+glass
sunglass
sun+light
sunlight
sting+ray
stingray
snow+flake
snowflake
A compound
noun is a noun that
is made up by two
or more nouns.
Example:
1) This is Ali’sshoes.
2) These are the boys’ shoes.
3) That is Elena’sbook.
4) These are the girls’books.
Apostrophe -’s (for singular)
Apostrophe –s’ (for plural)
POSSESSIVE NOUNS
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A possessive noun is used
to show belonging or
possession. An apostrophe
’s or s’ is placed at the
last letter of a noun.
1) This is Ali’sshoes.
2) These are the boys’ shoes.
3) That is Elena’sbook.
4) These are the girls’books.
Apostrophe -’s (for singular)
Apostrophe –s’ (for plural)
POSSESSIVE NOUNS
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A possessive noun is used
to show belonging or
possession. An apostrophe
’s or s’ is placed at the
last letter of a noun.
•A noun may appear at any part in a sentence.
It has many roles. It can act as
1a subject
2a direct object
3an indirect object
4a predicate noun
5an object complement
6an object of preposition
•Example 1
Ali plays footballwith his friends.
A NOUN HAS MANY ROLES
https://t.me/sirplz
1 5 6
It has many roles. It can act as
1a subject
2a direct object
3an indirect object
4a predicate noun
5an object complement
6an object of preposition
•Example 1
Ali plays footballwith his friends.
A NOUN HAS MANY ROLES
https://t.me/sirplz
1 5 6
•Example 2
Zaragives her mothera flower.
•Example 3
Hakimis at the field.
•Example 4
Halimis a small boy.
THE USES OF NOUNS
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1 2 3
1 6
1 4
Zaragives her mothera flower.
•Example 3
Hakimis at the field.
•Example 4
Halimis a small boy.
THE USES OF NOUNS
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1 2 3
1 6
1 4
Sirplz Collections
20
Determiners tell us
about the number or
amount of nouns. By
adding a determiner in
front of a noun, we can
know whether the noun
is singular or plural.
Articles and quantifiers
are determiners.
https://t.me/sirplz
20
Determiners tell us
about the number or
amount of nouns. By
adding a determiner in
front of a noun, we can
know whether the noun
is singular or plural.
Articles and quantifiers
are determiners.
https://t.me/sirplz
THESE ARE DETERMINERS
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aboy
a shows one
fourpeople
four shows many
a group of people
a group of shows
many but we refer it
as one
https://t.me/sirplz
aboy
a shows one
fourpeople
four shows many
a group of people
a group of shows
many but we refer it
as one
Sirplz Collections
22
Articles ‘a’, ‘an’, and
‘the’ are used to define
a noun as specific or
unspecific. They appear
in front of a noun or an
adjective.
https://t.me/sirplz
22
Articles ‘a’, ‘an’, and
‘the’ are used to define
a noun as specific or
unspecific. They appear
in front of a noun or an
adjective.
https://t.me/sirplz
1.This is aboy.
2.Theboy is eating an ice-cream.
3.This is theboy who I met yesterday.
4.There is acat under my chair.
5.Thecat is sleeping under thechair.
6.Thechair is made of wood.
7.It is awooden chair.
8.Zara has acat.
9.Thecat is white.
10.Ali puts abook on adesk.
WHERE ARE THE ARTICLES?
https://t.me/sirplz
2.Theboy is eating an ice-cream.
3.This is theboy who I met yesterday.
4.There is acat under my chair.
5.Thecat is sleeping under thechair.
6.Thechair is made of wood.
7.It is awooden chair.
8.Zara has acat.
9.Thecat is white.
10.Ali puts abook on adesk.
WHERE ARE THE ARTICLES?
https://t.me/sirplz
•Article ‘a’ is used before a singular, countable
noun.
•The noun usually begins with a consonant
letter -b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
v, w, y, and z.
Example: a boy, a cat, a day, a market, etc.
•The rule doesn’t apply for ‘unit’, ‘uniform’,
and ‘university’. It is because the words do
not have vowel sounds when spoken.
•Be careful when using letters e, g, h, i, l, r, u,
w, and y as their spellings can represent both
vowel and consonant.
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ARTICLE ‘a’
noun.
•The noun usually begins with a consonant
letter -b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
v, w, y, and z.
Example: a boy, a cat, a day, a market, etc.
•The rule doesn’t apply for ‘unit’, ‘uniform’,
and ‘university’. It is because the words do
not have vowel sounds when spoken.
•Be careful when using letters e, g, h, i, l, r, u,
w, and y as their spellings can represent both
vowel and consonant.
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ARTICLE ‘a’
•Article ‘an’ is used before a singular,
countable noun.
•The nouns usually begins with a vowel letter
-a, e, i, o, and u.
Example:
an eagle, an egg, an umbrella, an orange, etc.
•The rule however doesn’t apply for ‘hour’,
‘honest’, ‘F’, and ‘one-wheel’ . It is because
they do not have vowel sounds when spoken.
Example:
Ali was frustrated because he has an F in
Science.
ARTICLE ‘an’
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countable noun.
•The nouns usually begins with a vowel letter
-a, e, i, o, and u.
Example:
an eagle, an egg, an umbrella, an orange, etc.
•The rule however doesn’t apply for ‘hour’,
‘honest’, ‘F’, and ‘one-wheel’ . It is because
they do not have vowel sounds when spoken.
Example:
Ali was frustrated because he has an F in
Science.
ARTICLE ‘an’
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•In a sentence, ‘the’ is used before a singular,
plural, countable, or uncountable noun.
•We use ‘the’ to refer to:
1) specificperson, thing, animal, or place.
Example:
-Zara is angry with the boys.
-The boy had stolen my money.
2) someone or something unique
(one and only one).
Example:
-The Prime Minister is giving a speech.
-The sun shines brightly.
ARTICLE ‘the’
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plural, countable, or uncountable noun.
•We use ‘the’ to refer to:
1) specificperson, thing, animal, or place.
Example:
-Zara is angry with the boys.
-The boy had stolen my money.
2) someone or something unique
(one and only one).
Example:
-The Prime Minister is giving a speech.
-The sun shines brightly.
ARTICLE ‘the’
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•We use ‘the’ when we refer to someone or
something for the second time.
Example:
Zara went to school. (First time)
The school is near her house (Second Time)
There lived an old man. (First time)
The old man is a fisherman (Second Time)
•‘the’ is also used in front of a superlative
adjective. Example:
Elena is the prettiest girl in her class.
The biggest animal is whale.
ARTICLE ‘the’
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something for the second time.
Example:
Zara went to school. (First time)
The school is near her house (Second Time)
There lived an old man. (First time)
The old man is a fisherman (Second Time)
•‘the’ is also used in front of a superlative
adjective. Example:
Elena is the prettiest girl in her class.
The biggest animal is whale.
ARTICLE ‘the’
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•We can’t use any articles before a specific
name of a person, diseases, meals, sports,
cities and some countries.
Example:
1) I saw Zaraat the playground.
2) My uncle is studying in Australia.
3) He had finished his breakfast.
4) Hakim likes to play football.
5) Ammarcelebrated HariRaya with his
family and relatives.
6) Elena bought herself Cadbury.
7) His cousin has cancer.
ZERO ARTICLE
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name of a person, diseases, meals, sports,
cities and some countries.
Example:
1) I saw Zaraat the playground.
2) My uncle is studying in Australia.
3) He had finished his breakfast.
4) Hakim likes to play football.
5) Ammarcelebrated HariRaya with his
family and relatives.
6) Elena bought herself Cadbury.
7) His cousin has cancer.
ZERO ARTICLE
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•We can use ‘a’ and ‘an’ before some nouns
that are countable and uncountable.
Example: light, noise, time.
1) The room is dark.
I need some lights here.
I need a light.
3) The children make some noise.
4) Ali makes a noise outside my house.
•We can also use ‘some’ before a noun that is
countable or uncountable noun.
Example:
1) I want some rice.
2) I want some chocolates too.
SPECIAL CASE
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that are countable and uncountable.
Example: light, noise, time.
1) The room is dark.
I need some lights here.
I need a light.
3) The children make some noise.
4) Ali makes a noise outside my house.
•We can also use ‘some’ before a noun that is
countable or uncountable noun.
Example:
1) I want some rice.
2) I want some chocolates too.
SPECIAL CASE
29
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Sirplz Collections
30
Quantifiers are used to
describe the quantity
of nouns. The words
‘many’, ‘some’, ‘several’,
‘a lot of’, ‘a little’, etc.
are quantifiers.
https://t.me/sirplz
30
Quantifiers are used to
describe the quantity
of nouns. The words
‘many’, ‘some’, ‘several’,
‘a lot of’, ‘a little’, etc.
are quantifiers.
https://t.me/sirplz
•For countable noun, we can use the words like
many, a few, several, and more to express
quantity.
Example: There are many birds on the tree.
•For uncountable noun, we can use the words
like a little, much, and less to express quantity.
Example:
There isn’t much sugar left in the jar.
•For both, countable and uncountable nouns, we
can use words like some, a lot of, plenty, etc.
to express quantity.
Example:
Zara buys herself some chocolates.
QUANTIFIERS
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many, a few, several, and more to express
quantity.
Example: There are many birds on the tree.
•For uncountable noun, we can use the words
like a little, much, and less to express quantity.
Example:
There isn’t much sugar left in the jar.
•For both, countable and uncountable nouns, we
can use words like some, a lot of, plenty, etc.
to express quantity.
Example:
Zara buys herself some chocolates.
QUANTIFIERS
31
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Sirplz Collections
32
Pronouns are words that
replace nouns. There are
several types of pronouns:
Personal Pronouns, Reflexive
Pronouns, Relative Pronouns,
Possessive Pronouns,
Demonstrative Pronouns,
and Interrogative Pronouns
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32
Pronouns are words that
replace nouns. There are
several types of pronouns:
Personal Pronouns, Reflexive
Pronouns, Relative Pronouns,
Possessive Pronouns,
Demonstrative Pronouns,
and Interrogative Pronouns
https://t.me/sirplz
•A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun.
•Similar to Nouns, pronouns can play role, both
as a subject and an object. Example:
PRONOUNS
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Subject Verb Object-
Complement
Ali and his friends
They
played
play
football
ityesterday.
Myfamily and I
We
aregoing
will go
toCherating.
thereby bus.
Zara
She
had
ate
breakfast.
itwith her sister.
•Similar to Nouns, pronouns can play role, both
as a subject and an object. Example:
PRONOUNS
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Subject Verb Object-
Complement
Ali and his friends
They
played
play
football
ityesterday.
Myfamily and I
We
aregoing
will go
toCherating.
thereby bus.
Zara
She
had
ate
breakfast.
itwith her sister.
•Personal pronoun are
words to replace nouns.
•Example:
1)Hakimhas a cat.
Henames itPuteh.
2)Zaraate breakfast.
Sheate itin the dining room.
3)Iam eight years old.
Ilive in KampungMesah.
4)Zara and Ammarare good friends.
Theyshare the same hobby.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
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Subject
Pronouns and
Object Pronouns
are called
Personal
Pronouns
words to replace nouns.
•Example:
1)Hakimhas a cat.
Henames itPuteh.
2)Zaraate breakfast.
Sheate itin the dining room.
3)Iam eight years old.
Ilive in KampungMesah.
4)Zara and Ammarare good friends.
Theyshare the same hobby.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
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Subject
Pronouns and
Object Pronouns
are called
Personal
Pronouns
PERSONAL PRONOUNS TABLE
SubjectNounSubject PronounObject Pronoun
I I me
You You You
Ali
Siti
Sitiand I
Aliand Siti
The cat
An apple
Kuala Lumpur
Swimming
He
She
We
They
It
It
It
It
him
her
us
them
it
it
it
it
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SubjectNounSubject PronounObject Pronoun
I I me
You You You
Ali
Siti
Sitiand I
Aliand Siti
The cat
An apple
Kuala Lumpur
Swimming
He
She
We
They
It
It
It
It
him
her
us
them
it
it
it
it
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EXAMPLE
SubjectV+Prep.ObjectComplement
I
I
saw
saw
Mira
her
yesterday.
yesterday.
SubjectV+Prep.ObjectComplement
Mira
She
willsee
willsee
Hakim
him
today.
today.
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SubjectV+Prep.ObjectComplement
I
I
saw
saw
Mira
her
yesterday.
yesterday.
SubjectV+Prep.ObjectComplement
Mira
She
willsee
willsee
Hakim
him
today.
today.
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•A possessive pronoun
shows belonging or
possession.
•It is used at the end
of a sentence, usually
after a verb phrase.
Example:
It is mine.
(possessive pronoun)
This is my pencil.
(possessive adjectives)
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
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Possessive
Pronoun
Possessive
Adjective
mine
ours
yours
his
her
its
my
our
your
his
her
its
shows belonging or
possession.
•It is used at the end
of a sentence, usually
after a verb phrase.
Example:
It is mine.
(possessive pronoun)
This is my pencil.
(possessive adjectives)
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
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Possessive
Pronoun
Possessive
Adjective
mine
ours
yours
his
her
its
my
our
your
his
her
its
•A relative pronoun shows the subject and the
object of a verb is the same person.
•The words usually end with –self or –selves
such myself, yourself, yourselves, himself,
herself, themselves, ourselves, and itself.
Example:
1) He blamed himselffor his failure.
2) Zara booked herselfa hotel room.
•Intensive pronouns show emphasis to an action.
Example: I, myself is doing it.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
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object of a verb is the same person.
•The words usually end with –self or –selves
such myself, yourself, yourselves, himself,
herself, themselves, ourselves, and itself.
Example:
1) He blamed himselffor his failure.
2) Zara booked herselfa hotel room.
•Intensive pronouns show emphasis to an action.
Example: I, myself is doing it.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
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•Relative pronouns are used to join sentences.
•They replace the nouns and the other
pronouns.
•Example:
That is the man whoI met yesterday.
Ali is a boy wholoves camping.
This is the cat whichI wanted to own.
The man whom I talked to just now is my uncle.
This is the place whereI called home.
That is the crocodile thatate a man.
The car whichwas stolen yesterday has been
found just now.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
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•They replace the nouns and the other
pronouns.
•Example:
That is the man whoI met yesterday.
Ali is a boy wholoves camping.
This is the cat whichI wanted to own.
The man whom I talked to just now is my uncle.
This is the place whereI called home.
That is the crocodile thatate a man.
The car whichwas stolen yesterday has been
found just now.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS
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whoreferto someone.
whosereferto someone or something
whomreferto someone who receives an action.
whichrefer to something
thatreferto something.
wherereferto a specific place.
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40
whoreferto someone.
whosereferto someone or something
whomreferto someone who receives an action.
whichrefer to something
thatreferto something.
wherereferto a specific place.
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•Demonstrative pronoun takes place of a noun
or noun phrase that has already been
mentioned.
•We use demonstrative pronoun to show how
near and how far the object of a sentence is.
Example:
-Thisis a cat. (singular object/ near)
-Theseare my cats. (plural objects/ near)
-Thatis my father. (singular object/ far)
-Thosecats are mine. (plural objects/ far)
-Theseare my parents (plural objects/ near)
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
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or noun phrase that has already been
mentioned.
•We use demonstrative pronoun to show how
near and how far the object of a sentence is.
Example:
-Thisis a cat. (singular object/ near)
-Theseare my cats. (plural objects/ near)
-Thatis my father. (singular object/ far)
-Thosecats are mine. (plural objects/ far)
-Theseare my parents (plural objects/ near)
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
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Sirplz Collections
42
Adjectives are words to
describe people, things,
animals, plants, places, and
buildings. There are seven
types of adjectives :
Descriptive, Quantitative,
Qualitative, Possessive,
Interrogative, Distributive,
and Articles
https://t.me/sirplz
42
Adjectives are words to
describe people, things,
animals, plants, places, and
buildings. There are seven
types of adjectives :
Descriptive, Quantitative,
Qualitative, Possessive,
Interrogative, Distributive,
and Articles
https://t.me/sirplz
•Positive Adjectives, Comparative Adjectives, and
Superlative Adjectives are Descriptive
Adjectives.
•The descriptive adjectives describe nouns by
their appearances, qualities, quantities, sizes,
touches, tastes, or condition.
•Quantifiers like many, much, plenty, a lot of,
some, etc. are Quantitative Adjectives.
•A demonstrative adjective describes which
nouns or pronouns you are referring to. These
adjectives include words ‘this’, ‘that’, these’,
and ‘those’
ADJECTIVES
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Superlative Adjectives are Descriptive
Adjectives.
•The descriptive adjectives describe nouns by
their appearances, qualities, quantities, sizes,
touches, tastes, or condition.
•Quantifiers like many, much, plenty, a lot of,
some, etc. are Quantitative Adjectives.
•A demonstrative adjective describes which
nouns or pronouns you are referring to. These
adjectives include words ‘this’, ‘that’, these’,
and ‘those’
ADJECTIVES
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LIST OF ADJECTIVES (1)
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LIST OF ADJECTIVE (2)
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LIST OF ADJECTIVE (3)
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•A demonstrative adjective describes which
nouns or pronouns you are referring to. These
adjectives include words ‘this’, ‘that’, these’,
and ‘those’.
Examples:
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
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ThisThis is a cat (singular noun/close).
ThatThat is a cat(singular noun/ far)
TheseThese are two cats (plural noun/close)
ThoseThose are two cats (plural noun/ far)
nouns or pronouns you are referring to. These
adjectives include words ‘this’, ‘that’, these’,
and ‘those’.
Examples:
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
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ThisThis is a cat (singular noun/close).
ThatThat is a cat(singular noun/ far)
TheseThese are two cats (plural noun/close)
ThoseThose are two cats (plural noun/ far)
•Interrogating means asking for information. So,
interrogative adjectives are words used to ask
questions.
•These adjectives must be followed by a noun or
pronoun to form questions.
•Examples:
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
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WhichWhichplace will you go during the
school holidays?
WhatWhat petdo you want to keep at
home?
WhoseWhose childis this?
interrogative adjectives are words used to ask
questions.
•These adjectives must be followed by a noun or
pronoun to form questions.
•Examples:
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
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WhichWhichplace will you go during the
school holidays?
WhatWhat petdo you want to keep at
home?
WhoseWhose childis this?
•Distributive adjectives describe specific
members out of a group.
•These adjectives are used to single out one or
more individual items or people.
Examples:
DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES
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eachIwill give these books to each of you.
everyEveryoneis busy doing his job.
anyItdoesn’t matter. I will take any of
them.
members out of a group.
•These adjectives are used to single out one or
more individual items or people.
Examples:
DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES
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eachIwill give these books to each of you.
everyEveryoneis busy doing his job.
anyItdoesn’t matter. I will take any of
them.
•Adjectives take different forms when two or
more nouns are compared with one another.
•There are three degree of comparisons.
1. Positive(comparing two, equal nouns)
2. Comparative (comparing two, unequal nouns)
3. Superlative(comparing three or more nouns)
Example:
a. He is as big asa monster. (positive degree)
b. He is bigger than me. (comparative)
c. His watch is more expensive than Ali’s
(comparative)
d. The tallest mountain in the world is Mount
Everest (superlative)
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
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more nouns are compared with one another.
•There are three degree of comparisons.
1. Positive(comparing two, equal nouns)
2. Comparative (comparing two, unequal nouns)
3. Superlative(comparing three or more nouns)
Example:
a. He is as big asa monster. (positive degree)
b. He is bigger than me. (comparative)
c. His watch is more expensive than Ali’s
(comparative)
d. The tallest mountain in the world is Mount
Everest (superlative)
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
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COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
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PositiveComparativeSuperlative
asbig as
as small as
asthin as
asfat as
asshort as
as comfortable as
as expensive as
asgood as
as bad as
asmany as
bigger than
smaller than
thinnerthan
fatter than
shorter than
more comfortable than
more expensive than
better than
more than
worse than
the biggest
the smallest
thethinnest
the fattest
the shortest
the most comfortable
the most expensive
the most
the best
the worst
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PositiveComparativeSuperlative
asbig as
as small as
asthin as
asfat as
asshort as
as comfortable as
as expensive as
asgood as
as bad as
asmany as
bigger than
smaller than
thinnerthan
fatter than
shorter than
more comfortable than
more expensive than
better than
more than
worse than
the biggest
the smallest
thethinnest
the fattest
the shortest
the most comfortable
the most expensive
the most
the best
the worst
Sirplz Collections
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Verbs are words that
express actions and
state-of-beings. There
are three types of
verbs : Action Verbs,
Helping Verbs, and
Linking Verbs.
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55
Verbs are words that
express actions and
state-of-beings. There
are three types of
verbs : Action Verbs,
Helping Verbs, and
Linking Verbs.
https://t.me/sirplz
•Action verbs are verbs that express action
Example:
eat, give, walk, run, play, etc.
or possession
Example: have, own, belong, etc.
•Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
-Transitive means verb that has an object
(direct object/ indirect object/ both)
Example:
Elena raises her hands.
Elena gives her mother a flower.
_ Intransitive means verb that has no object.
Example : Elena walks slowly to school.
ACTION VERBS
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Example:
eat, give, walk, run, play, etc.
or possession
Example: have, own, belong, etc.
•Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
-Transitive means verb that has an object
(direct object/ indirect object/ both)
Example:
Elena raises her hands.
Elena gives her mother a flower.
_ Intransitive means verb that has no object.
Example : Elena walks slowly to school.
ACTION VERBS
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•Imagine what you can do with your body parts
(do means actions!)
COMMON VERBS
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My eyes can see, observe, watch, look,wake,
sleep, stare, describe, etc.
My mouthcaneat,drink, talk, speak, tell, scold,
inform, report, shout, scream,
read, lick, sing, wish, blow, etc.
My hands canTake, touch, carry, hold, write,
fly, fish, put, water, grow,plant,
feed, do, draw, colour, steal,
borrow, lend, cook, stir, add,
wash, clean, trim, tidy, raise,
(do means actions!)
COMMON VERBS
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My eyes can see, observe, watch, look,wake,
sleep, stare, describe, etc.
My mouthcaneat,drink, talk, speak, tell, scold,
inform, report, shout, scream,
read, lick, sing, wish, blow, etc.
My hands canTake, touch, carry, hold, write,
fly, fish, put, water, grow,plant,
feed, do, draw, colour, steal,
borrow, lend, cook, stir, add,
wash, clean, trim, tidy, raise,
COMMON VERBS
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My hands canlift,brush, comb, grill, pitch,
decorate, catch, open, close,
begin, finish, complete, collect,
toss, play, spend, study, etc.
My head and my
heart can
think, calculate, count, solve,
decide, seem, like, feel, etc.
My legs canmove,jump, hop, walk, run,
crawl, kick, stand, go, travel,
cycle, ride, start, end, compete,
take part, join, dance, come,
return, trip, fell, visit, stroll,
swim, sit, kneel, etc.
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My hands canlift,brush, comb, grill, pitch,
decorate, catch, open, close,
begin, finish, complete, collect,
toss, play, spend, study, etc.
My head and my
heart can
think, calculate, count, solve,
decide, seem, like, feel, etc.
My legs canmove,jump, hop, walk, run,
crawl, kick, stand, go, travel,
cycle, ride, start, end, compete,
take part, join, dance, come,
return, trip, fell, visit, stroll,
swim, sit, kneel, etc.
Which body part does these actions?
shake, wave, buy, pay, choose, select, get,
sweep, clear, help, assist, find, stop,
approach, gather, win, loose, regret, thank,
pass, lock, leave, meet, etc.
COMMON VERBS
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My earscanhear, listen,etc.
My neck canbow,respect, etc.
shake, wave, buy, pay, choose, select, get,
sweep, clear, help, assist, find, stop,
approach, gather, win, loose, regret, thank,
pass, lock, leave, meet, etc.
COMMON VERBS
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My earscanhear, listen,etc.
My neck canbow,respect, etc.
Zaragetsupat6.00a.m.Sheswitcheson
thelampandturnsoffthefan.Later,shepulls
thecurtainsandopensthewindows.
Afterthat,Zaragoestothebathroom.Just
beforethat,shetookhertowelandtookoffher
pyjama.Shethrewherpyjamaintothebasket.Her
motherremindshertomakeherbedbefore
shower.Inthebathroom,Zarabrushesherteeth.
Then,shehasabath.Sheshampoosherhairand
rubsherbody.Sheappliessomesoapandcleans
herface.Aftershower,shedriesherselfup.She
getsoutthetoiletandwalkstowardsthecloset.
Sheselectsherfavouriteblouseandskirt.
EVERY DAY VERBS
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thelampandturnsoffthefan.Later,shepulls
thecurtainsandopensthewindows.
Afterthat,Zaragoestothebathroom.Just
beforethat,shetookhertowelandtookoffher
pyjama.Shethrewherpyjamaintothebasket.Her
motherremindshertomakeherbedbefore
shower.Inthebathroom,Zarabrushesherteeth.
Then,shehasabath.Sheshampoosherhairand
rubsherbody.Sheappliessomesoapandcleans
herface.Aftershower,shedriesherselfup.She
getsoutthetoiletandwalkstowardsthecloset.
Sheselectsherfavouriteblouseandskirt.
EVERY DAY VERBS
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Shepullsthedrawer.Shechoosesherfavourite
talcum.Then,shespraysherselfherfavourite
perfume.Zaralooksforherwatch.Shesearchesit
highandlow.Finally,Zaranoticesitunderherbed.
Shetriestoreachthewatchbutshecan’t.She
crawlsunderherbedandshegetsit.
More regular and irregular verbs
from the List of Action Verbs.
EVERY DAY VERBS
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talcum.Then,shespraysherselfherfavourite
perfume.Zaralooksforherwatch.Shesearchesit
highandlow.Finally,Zaranoticesitunderherbed.
Shetriestoreachthewatchbutshecan’t.She
crawlsunderherbedandshegetsit.
More regular and irregular verbs
from the List of Action Verbs.
EVERY DAY VERBS
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•Verbs can regular or irregular. Regular verbs
form their past and past participle forms by
adding –d, or –edto the action verbs.
•Example:
walk-walked, dance-danced
•Irregular verbs form their past tense and past
participle tense forms in different ways.
1) Present = Past = Participle
Example : cut-cut-cut
2) Present ≠Past = Participle
Example: play-played-played
3) Present ≠ Past ≠ Participle
Example: drink-drank-drunken
REGULAR VS. IRREGULAR VERBS
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refer
List of
Action
Verbs
form their past and past participle forms by
adding –d, or –edto the action verbs.
•Example:
walk-walked, dance-danced
•Irregular verbs form their past tense and past
participle tense forms in different ways.
1) Present = Past = Participle
Example : cut-cut-cut
2) Present ≠Past = Participle
Example: play-played-played
3) Present ≠ Past ≠ Participle
Example: drink-drank-drunken
REGULAR VS. IRREGULAR VERBS
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refer
List of
Action
Verbs
LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
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Root Verb Past Participle
Accept Accepted Accepted
Act Acted Acted
Achieve Achieved Achieved
Admire Admired Admired
Advise Advised Advised
Affect Affected Affected
Agree Agreed Agreed
Amaze Amazed Amazed
Amuse Amused Amused
Answer Answered Answered
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Root Verb Past Participle
Accept Accepted Accepted
Act Acted Acted
Achieve Achieved Achieved
Admire Admired Admired
Advise Advised Advised
Affect Affected Affected
Agree Agreed Agreed
Amaze Amazed Amazed
Amuse Amused Amused
Answer Answered Answered
LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
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Root Verb Past Participle
Arrange Arranged Arranged
Arrive Arrived Arrived
Ask Asked Asked
Attack Attacked Attacked
Bake Baked Baked
Behave Behaved Behaved
Believe Believed Believed
Belong Belonged Belonged
Blame Blamed Blamed
Borrow Borrowed Borrowed
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Root Verb Past Participle
Arrange Arranged Arranged
Arrive Arrived Arrived
Ask Asked Asked
Attack Attacked Attacked
Bake Baked Baked
Behave Behaved Behaved
Believe Believed Believed
Belong Belonged Belonged
Blame Blamed Blamed
Borrow Borrowed Borrowed
LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
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Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
CelebrateCelebratedCelebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
Close Closed Closed
Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
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Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
CelebrateCelebratedCelebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
Close Closed Closed
Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
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Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
CelebrateCelebratedCelebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
Close Closed Closed
Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
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Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
CelebrateCelebratedCelebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
Close Closed Closed
Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
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Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
CelebrateCelebratedCelebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
Close Closed Closed
Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
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Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
CelebrateCelebratedCelebrated
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Clear Cleared Cleared
Climb Climbed Climbed
Close Closed Closed
Compare Compared Compared
Compete Competed Competed
Contain Contained Contained
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
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Root Verb Past Participle
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awakened
be was, were been
bear bore born
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bid (farewell)bid / badebidden
bid (bid amount)bid bid
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Root Verb Past Participle
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awakened
be was, were been
bear bore born
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bid (farewell)bid / badebidden
bid (bid amount)bid bid
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
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Root Verb Past Participle
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcastedbroadcast
build built built
bind bound bound
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Root Verb Past Participle
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcastedbroadcast
build built built
bind bound bound
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
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Root Verb Past Participle
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dove dived
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelled dwelt
eat ate eaten
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Root Verb Past Participle
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dove dived
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelled dwelt
eat ate eaten
•A linking verb connects the subject of a
sentence to a noun or adjective.
Example:
-TunDr Mahathir is our Prime Minister.
-Zara became successful.
-Ammarfeels dizzy.
•These words are common linking verbs: appear,
feel, look, remain, stay, taste, continue, grow,
prove, sound, smell, turn, is, am, was, are, and
were
•The structure of a sentence that contains
linking verb is Subject –LV –Noun or Adj.
LINKING VERBS
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sentence to a noun or adjective.
Example:
-TunDr Mahathir is our Prime Minister.
-Zara became successful.
-Ammarfeels dizzy.
•These words are common linking verbs: appear,
feel, look, remain, stay, taste, continue, grow,
prove, sound, smell, turn, is, am, was, are, and
were
•The structure of a sentence that contains
linking verb is Subject –LV –Noun or Adj.
LINKING VERBS
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•Helping verbs (or auxiliary verbs) are used
before action verbs and linking verbs.
•Helping verbs give additional information about
the actions such as they show the ability,
possibility, etc. (can, will, etc.) or time (be,
have, do).
•Modals (can, could, may, might, must, shall,
should, will, would, ought to) always function as
helping verbs.
•Verb to-be (am, is, are, was, were, being,
been); Verb-to-have (has, have, had); and
Verb-to-do (does, do, did) can function as
helping verbs or linking verbs.
HELPING VERBS
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before action verbs and linking verbs.
•Helping verbs give additional information about
the actions such as they show the ability,
possibility, etc. (can, will, etc.) or time (be,
have, do).
•Modals (can, could, may, might, must, shall,
should, will, would, ought to) always function as
helping verbs.
•Verb to-be (am, is, are, was, were, being,
been); Verb-to-have (has, have, had); and
Verb-to-do (does, do, did) can function as
helping verbs or linking verbs.
HELPING VERBS
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•Verb-to-be (VTB) is used to tell something
about someone or something.
Example:
1) I am going to school now.
2) She is buying a book.
3) He is doing his homework.
4) They are visiting their grandparents.
5) We are going for a camping.
6) The monkey is eating the banana.
7) While he was cycling, Ali saw a cat.
•VTB + Action Verb-ing= Present Continuous
Tense and Past Continuous Tense.
VERB-TO-BE (VTB)
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about someone or something.
Example:
1) I am going to school now.
2) She is buying a book.
3) He is doing his homework.
4) They are visiting their grandparents.
5) We are going for a camping.
6) The monkey is eating the banana.
7) While he was cycling, Ali saw a cat.
•VTB + Action Verb-ing= Present Continuous
Tense and Past Continuous Tense.
VERB-TO-BE (VTB)
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•As the main verb, to have implies the meaning
of possession.
Example:
1) I havea cat.
2) I havemy breakfast.
3) I havea shower every day.
•As a helping verb, VTH creates the Present
Perfect Tense or Past Perfect Tense.
Example:
Present : I have been eating now.
Past : I had been eating just now.
Perfect : I have told you about her.
VERBS-TO-HAVE
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of possession.
Example:
1) I havea cat.
2) I havemy breakfast.
3) I havea shower every day.
•As a helping verb, VTH creates the Present
Perfect Tense or Past Perfect Tense.
Example:
Present : I have been eating now.
Past : I had been eating just now.
Perfect : I have told you about her.
VERBS-TO-HAVE
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•As ahelping verb, VTD can be used to form a
question in the Simple Present Tense or Simple
Past Tense.
Example:
Do you like cats?
As a intransitive, it replaces the main verb.
Example:
You should knowabout that more than I do.
(Do = know)
•As a helping verb, VTD can be used to form a
question tag.
Example:
You did well, didn’t you?
VERB-TO-DO (VTD)
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question in the Simple Present Tense or Simple
Past Tense.
Example:
Do you like cats?
As a intransitive, it replaces the main verb.
Example:
You should knowabout that more than I do.
(Do = know)
•As a helping verb, VTD can be used to form a
question tag.
Example:
You did well, didn’t you?
VERB-TO-DO (VTD)
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•As atransitive verb, VTD shows an action.
Example:
He always do his homework by himself.
•As a question, VTD indicates the tense to be
used to answer the question.
Example:
(Q) Where didyou go?
(A) I wentto Langkawi.
(Q) How didyou come here?
(A) I tooka bus.
Note:
Do/ does/ did refer to an action
VERB-TO-DO
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Example:
He always do his homework by himself.
•As a question, VTD indicates the tense to be
used to answer the question.
Example:
(Q) Where didyou go?
(A) I wentto Langkawi.
(Q) How didyou come here?
(A) I tooka bus.
Note:
Do/ does/ did refer to an action
VERB-TO-DO
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Sirplz Collections
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Verb tenses show the time of
actions. There are 12 forms of
Verb Tenses: the Simple
Present Tense, the Simple Past
Tense, the Simple Future Tense,
Present Continuous Tense, Past
Continuous Tense, Present
Perfect Tense, Past Perfect
Tense ……. what else?
https://t.me/sirplz
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Verb tenses show the time of
actions. There are 12 forms of
Verb Tenses: the Simple
Present Tense, the Simple Past
Tense, the Simple Future Tense,
Present Continuous Tense, Past
Continuous Tense, Present
Perfect Tense, Past Perfect
Tense ……. what else?
https://t.me/sirplz
VERB TENSES TABLE
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TensePast PresentFuture
Simpleate
eat
eats
will eat
Continuouswaseatingameating
will be
eating
Perfecthad eatenhaveeaten
will have
eaten
Perfect
Continuous
had been
eating
have been
eating
will have
been eating
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TensePast PresentFuture
Simpleate
eat
eats
will eat
Continuouswaseatingameating
will be
eating
Perfecthad eatenhaveeaten
will have
eaten
Perfect
Continuous
had been
eating
have been
eating
will have
been eating
DEFINITION OF THE VERB TENSES?
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Simple
Present
Tense
Describe actions that happen right now
or actions that are continuous.
Simple
Past Tense
Describe actions that have already
happened.
Simple
Future
Tense
Describe actions that have yet to
happen.
Present
Continuous
Tense
Describeactions that are and that are
not happening now, temporarily,
repeatedly, or happening in the near
future.
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Simple
Present
Tense
Describe actions that happen right now
or actions that are continuous.
Simple
Past Tense
Describe actions that have already
happened.
Simple
Future
Tense
Describe actions that have yet to
happen.
Present
Continuous
Tense
Describeactions that are and that are
not happening now, temporarily,
repeatedly, or happening in the near
future.
DEFINITION OF VERB TENSES
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Past
Continuous
Tense
Describe actionsthat were happening
at some point in the past.
Present
Perfect
Tense
Describe thepast event that has
been completed, the unfinished
actions, multiple actions at different
times, or asking about life experience.
Past
Perfect
Tense
Describe the past event that has
been completed beforesomething
else happened.
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Past
Continuous
Tense
Describe actionsthat were happening
at some point in the past.
Present
Perfect
Tense
Describe thepast event that has
been completed, the unfinished
actions, multiple actions at different
times, or asking about life experience.
Past
Perfect
Tense
Describe the past event that has
been completed beforesomething
else happened.
•The Simple Present Tense is used to talk about
habitual actions, fact, future plans, or in
questions.
•Habitual Actions
Example:
1) I goto school by bus.
2) Zara often goesto school by bus.
3) I ridemy bike every day.
4) On Saturdays, Elena goesswimming
•Facts
Example:
1) The sun risesin the east.
2) Jupiter isthe biggest planet.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
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habitual actions, fact, future plans, or in
questions.
•Habitual Actions
Example:
1) I goto school by bus.
2) Zara often goesto school by bus.
3) I ridemy bike every day.
4) On Saturdays, Elena goesswimming
•Facts
Example:
1) The sun risesin the east.
2) Jupiter isthe biggest planet.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
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•Action happen at the time of speaking
Example:
1) Elena visitsher friends in Ipoh.
2) I livein KampungMesah.
•Future Plans
Example:
1) The event startsat 9.00 p.m.
2) I will stay home if it rains tomorrow.
•Questions
Example:
1) Do you liketea or coffee?
2) Are you goingto school?
3) What colour isan apple?
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
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Example:
1) Elena visitsher friends in Ipoh.
2) I livein KampungMesah.
•Future Plans
Example:
1) The event startsat 9.00 p.m.
2) I will stay home if it rains tomorrow.
•Questions
Example:
1) Do you liketea or coffee?
2) Are you goingto school?
3) What colour isan apple?
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
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THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
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Subject Verb
SingularNoun
Pronouns
3
rd
speaker, singular
Verb+s
Verb+es
(refer to SV
agreement
rules)
Plural Noun
Pronouns
1
st
speaker, singular
2
nd
speaker, singular
1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
speaker,
plural
Root Verb
When we use
the Simple
Present
Tense, we
must
determine
quantity of
the subject in
a sentence.
Subject and
Verb must
always agree.
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Subject Verb
SingularNoun
Pronouns
3
rd
speaker, singular
Verb+s
Verb+es
(refer to SV
agreement
rules)
Plural Noun
Pronouns
1
st
speaker, singular
2
nd
speaker, singular
1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
speaker,
plural
Root Verb
When we use
the Simple
Present
Tense, we
must
determine
quantity of
the subject in
a sentence.
Subject and
Verb must
always agree.
•My father works at SK Tembila.
Note: Facts
•Zara washes her shoes every weekend.
Note : Habitual Actions
•I eat an apple every day.
Note : Habitual Actions
•Do you like cats?
Note : Question
•Ali sleeps now.
Note: Action at the time of speaking
•He leaves for Kuala Lumpur tomorrow
Note: Future Plans
MORE EXAMPLE
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Note: Facts
•Zara washes her shoes every weekend.
Note : Habitual Actions
•I eat an apple every day.
Note : Habitual Actions
•Do you like cats?
Note : Question
•Ali sleeps now.
Note: Action at the time of speaking
•He leaves for Kuala Lumpur tomorrow
Note: Future Plans
MORE EXAMPLE
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•The Simple Past Tense is used for actions that
took place in the past or the actions that have
been finished or completed.
Example:
1) I wentto a clinic yesterday.
2) Zara took part in the drawing competition
last weekend.
3) Ammarbrokehis arm in an accident.
4) Elena studiedin her room last night.
5) The Prime Minister visitedus yesterday.
6) Fatimah wroteher a letter.
7) He himself blewthe birthday candles.
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
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took place in the past or the actions that have
been finished or completed.
Example:
1) I wentto a clinic yesterday.
2) Zara took part in the drawing competition
last weekend.
3) Ammarbrokehis arm in an accident.
4) Elena studiedin her room last night.
5) The Prime Minister visitedus yesterday.
6) Fatimah wroteher a letter.
7) He himself blewthe birthday candles.
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
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THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
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SubjectVerb
Singular
Noun
Plural
Noun
Pronoun
Regular
Verb
or
Irregular
Verb
When we use the Simple Past Tense, we must define
the action verbs. Action verbs can be regular or
irregular. •Regular Verbs are verbs
that end with –d or –ed.
Usually, the past tense
form follow the past
participle form.
•Irregular Verbs are verbs
that are usually different
from the regular verbs.
Usually the past tense of
irregular verb is different
to past participle form.
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SubjectVerb
Singular
Noun
Plural
Noun
Pronoun
Regular
Verb
or
Irregular
Verb
When we use the Simple Past Tense, we must define
the action verbs. Action verbs can be regular or
irregular. •Regular Verbs are verbs
that end with –d or –ed.
Usually, the past tense
form follow the past
participle form.
•Irregular Verbs are verbs
that are usually different
from the regular verbs.
Usually the past tense of
irregular verb is different
to past participle form.
•The Present Continuous Tense is used to talk
about actions that are happening at the time
of speaking.
•We also use it to talk about future plans and
to show habits.
Example:
1) He is playing football.
2) The boys are watching television.
3) She is going for Kuching next week.
4) Zara is leaving tomorrow.
5) She isalways borrowingmy pencils.
6) Elena and Zara arealways quarrelling.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
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about actions that are happening at the time
of speaking.
•We also use it to talk about future plans and
to show habits.
Example:
1) He is playing football.
2) The boys are watching television.
3) She is going for Kuching next week.
4) Zara is leaving tomorrow.
5) She isalways borrowingmy pencils.
6) Elena and Zara arealways quarrelling.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
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•The Present Continuous Tense is used to talk
about actions that was ongoing in the past.
Example:
1) Hakim was playing at the playground.
2) The sun was shining brightly in the sky.
•We also use it to talk about two activities that
were happening at the same time.
Example:
1) WhileAmmarwas sleeping, his mother was
cooking.
2) Zara was studying while her sister, Elena
was reading.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
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about actions that was ongoing in the past.
Example:
1) Hakim was playing at the playground.
2) The sun was shining brightly in the sky.
•We also use it to talk about two activities that
were happening at the same time.
Example:
1) WhileAmmarwas sleeping, his mother was
cooking.
2) Zara was studying while her sister, Elena
was reading.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
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•We can also use it to talk about an action
happened while something else was going on.
Example:
1) The telephone rangwhile I was reading.
2) Zara and Ammarwere talking to each other
while Elena felldown.
•We may use it to express a habit that
happened in the past.
Example:
1) Elena wasalways makingtrouble.
2) Elena’s mother wasalways scoldingher.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
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happened while something else was going on.
Example:
1) The telephone rangwhile I was reading.
2) Zara and Ammarwere talking to each other
while Elena felldown.
•We may use it to express a habit that
happened in the past.
Example:
1) Elena wasalways makingtrouble.
2) Elena’s mother wasalways scoldingher.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
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•The Simple Future Tense is used to tell about a
future action.
Example:
1) Zara will come to visit me.
2) We shall visit you next week.
Remember :
-Use ‘shall’ with I and We only.
-Use ‘will’ with other nouns or pronouns.
•Another way to show the future action is using
‘going to’. The phrasal verb is used to talk
about a planned action.
Example:
SK Mesahis going to hold Teacher’s Day.
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
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future action.
Example:
1) Zara will come to visit me.
2) We shall visit you next week.
Remember :
-Use ‘shall’ with I and We only.
-Use ‘will’ with other nouns or pronouns.
•Another way to show the future action is using
‘going to’. The phrasal verb is used to talk
about a planned action.
Example:
SK Mesahis going to hold Teacher’s Day.
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
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•We can also use it to talk about something that
is certain to happen.
Example:
1) It is going to rain tomorrow.
2) My cousin is going to the United States
next month.
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
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is certain to happen.
Example:
1) It is going to rain tomorrow.
2) My cousin is going to the United States
next month.
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
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•The Present Perfect Tense is used to tell about
an action that has happened but the time is not
mentioned.
Example:
1) Elena has slept.
2) Hakim and Ammarhave gone home.
•We can use it to show an action that began in
the past but continues to the present. Usually,
we use ‘since’, ‘for’, ‘ever’, and ‘never’.
Example:
1) We have been staying here since2005.
2) I havenever seenyou here before.
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
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an action that has happened but the time is not
mentioned.
Example:
1) Elena has slept.
2) Hakim and Ammarhave gone home.
•We can use it to show an action that began in
the past but continues to the present. Usually,
we use ‘since’, ‘for’, ‘ever’, and ‘never’.
Example:
1) We have been staying here since2005.
2) I havenever seenyou here before.
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
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•The Past Perfect Tense is used to tell about an
action that has happened or was completed
before another action took place.
Example:
1) After have had her breakfast, Elena went out.
2) Ammarwatched television whenhe had
completedhis homework.
•Words like ‘when’ are ‘after’ commonly used in
the past perfect tense form.
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
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action that has happened or was completed
before another action took place.
Example:
1) After have had her breakfast, Elena went out.
2) Ammarwatched television whenhe had
completedhis homework.
•Words like ‘when’ are ‘after’ commonly used in
the past perfect tense form.
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
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SIGNAL WORDS
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Tense Signal Words
Present
always, every, never, normally, now
and then, occasionally, often, rarely,
seldom, sometimes, usually, etc.
Past
Yesterday, last month, when, ago, in
2015, this morning, once, one day
Future Will, shall be, will be
Continuous
At the moment, now, just now, right
now, this morning
Perfect
since, for, already, yet, just, ever, and
never.
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Tense Signal Words
Present
always, every, never, normally, now
and then, occasionally, often, rarely,
seldom, sometimes, usually, etc.
Past
Yesterday, last month, when, ago, in
2015, this morning, once, one day
Future Will, shall be, will be
Continuous
At the moment, now, just now, right
now, this morning
Perfect
since, for, already, yet, just, ever, and
never.
MODAL VERBS
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Modal verbs are used
with action verbs to
express ability, obligation,
possibility or other
functions such as making
request, giving permission,
asking for permission,
making offer, etc. Words
‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’,
‘might’, ‘will’, ‘would’,
‘must’, ‘ought to’ and
‘should’ show modality.
https://t.me/sirplz
Modal verbs are used
with action verbs to
express ability, obligation,
possibility or other
functions such as making
request, giving permission,
asking for permission,
making offer, etc. Words
‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’,
‘might’, ‘will’, ‘would’,
‘must’, ‘ought to’ and
‘should’ show modality.
THE USES OF MODAL VERBS
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ModalFunction Example
canToexpressabilityI can speak English.
canTo offer helpCan I help you?
canTo ask for permissionCan I go out now?
mayTo expresspossibilityI may visityou.
mayTo ask for permissionMay I goout now?
mustToexpress obligationI must go to school.
shouldTogive adviceYou should read.
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ModalFunction Example
canToexpressabilityI can speak English.
canTo offer helpCan I help you?
canTo ask for permissionCan I go out now?
mayTo expresspossibilityI may visityou.
mayTo ask for permissionMay I goout now?
mustToexpress obligationI must go to school.
shouldTogive adviceYou should read.
THE USES OF MODAL VERBS
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ModalFunction Example
wouldTo ask about
preference
Would you like tea
or coffee?
wouldTo show necessityI wouldlike to help
you.
wouldTomake suggestionIf I were you, I
would go to school.
oughtTo express uncertainThe police might
catchthe thief.
couldTo expressability (in
the past tense)
I could help you
with your English.
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ModalFunction Example
wouldTo ask about
preference
Would you like tea
or coffee?
wouldTo show necessityI wouldlike to help
you.
wouldTomake suggestionIf I were you, I
would go to school.
oughtTo express uncertainThe police might
catchthe thief.
couldTo expressability (in
the past tense)
I could help you
with your English.
•Linking verb is a verb that describe subject by
connecting it to the predicate adjective or
predicate noun.
•Words ‘is’, ‘feel’, ‘become’, ‘appear’, ‘look’,
‘am’, ‘are’, ‘come’, ‘fell’, ‘stay’, ‘seem’, ‘taste’,
‘remain’,etc. are linking verbs.
•Example
1) feel : Hakim feelsdizzy.
2) is : Hakim’s parents areteachers.
3) become : He becomes a successful person.
4) appear: He appearsthin.
5) look : He looksskinny.
6) am : I amseven years old.
LINKING VERBS
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connecting it to the predicate adjective or
predicate noun.
•Words ‘is’, ‘feel’, ‘become’, ‘appear’, ‘look’,
‘am’, ‘are’, ‘come’, ‘fell’, ‘stay’, ‘seem’, ‘taste’,
‘remain’,etc. are linking verbs.
•Example
1) feel : Hakim feelsdizzy.
2) is : Hakim’s parents areteachers.
3) become : He becomes a successful person.
4) appear: He appearsthin.
5) look : He looksskinny.
6) am : I amseven years old.
LINKING VERBS
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•
7) stay: His cats has dead but he stayedcalm.
8) fell : Elena fell asleep.
9) come: He was acquitted from the charges.
Now, he cameclean.
10) seem: The food seemstasty.
11) taste: The coffee tastesbitter.
12) remain: Hakim was accused of stealing but
he remainedsilent.
LINKING VERBS
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7) stay: His cats has dead but he stayedcalm.
8) fell : Elena fell asleep.
9) come: He was acquitted from the charges.
Now, he cameclean.
10) seem: The food seemstasty.
11) taste: The coffee tastesbitter.
12) remain: Hakim was accused of stealing but
he remainedsilent.
LINKING VERBS
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Sirplz Collections
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Adverbs are words to
describe how something
happens. They modify the
verbs, adjectives, and the
other adverbs. There are
three types of adverbs:
Adverbs of time, adverbs
of manner, and adverbs of
frequency.
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Adverbs are words to
describe how something
happens. They modify the
verbs, adjectives, and the
other adverbs. There are
three types of adverbs:
Adverbs of time, adverbs
of manner, and adverbs of
frequency.
•Adverbs perform a wide of functions. However,
it is easy to spot an adverb in a sentence. For
example: word end with –ly.
•To help you fully understand with adverbs, ask
yourself with these questions.
1) When? She arrives home late.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Time
2) How? She alwaysarrives home late.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Frequency
3) In what way? She walks slowly
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Manner
4) To what extent: She walks veryslowly
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Manner.
TYPES OF ADVERBS
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it is easy to spot an adverb in a sentence. For
example: word end with –ly.
•To help you fully understand with adverbs, ask
yourself with these questions.
1) When? She arrives home late.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Time
2) How? She alwaysarrives home late.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Frequency
3) In what way? She walks slowly
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Manner
4) To what extent: She walks veryslowly
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Manner.
TYPES OF ADVERBS
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•Adverb of manner tells us how the action is
done. It is formed by adding –lyto the
adjectives. Example:
1) My mother talks to me softly.
2) We walked to school quickly.
3) He asked something politely.
4) She danced on the stage gracefully.
5) Hakim ran fast.
6) The birds flew swiftly.
7) The durian are abundantlyhere.
8) Mira sang to her friends sweetly.
9) Hakim walks to school slowly.
ADVERBS OF MANNER
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done. It is formed by adding –lyto the
adjectives. Example:
1) My mother talks to me softly.
2) We walked to school quickly.
3) He asked something politely.
4) She danced on the stage gracefully.
5) Hakim ran fast.
6) The birds flew swiftly.
7) The durian are abundantlyhere.
8) Mira sang to her friends sweetly.
9) Hakim walks to school slowly.
ADVERBS OF MANNER
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•Adverb of frequency tells us how often the
action is done.
Example:
1) We oftengo fishing on Sunday.
2) He usuallycomes here in the morning.
3) Sara alwayswin the drawing contest.
4) Yusofseldomreads comics.
5) Elena had nevercame here before.
6) Zara likes to make joke but sometimes, she
goes too far.
7) He used to live here before.
8) Adeerawon the singing contest once.
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
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action is done.
Example:
1) We oftengo fishing on Sunday.
2) He usuallycomes here in the morning.
3) Sara alwayswin the drawing contest.
4) Yusofseldomreads comics.
5) Elena had nevercame here before.
6) Zara likes to make joke but sometimes, she
goes too far.
7) He used to live here before.
8) Adeerawon the singing contest once.
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
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•Adverb of time tells us something happen,
something is going to happen, or something had
happened.
Example:
1) I ate my breakfast whenshe arrived.
2) Hakim will sleep after10.00 p.m.
3) Beforesleeping, Zara hugs her mother.
4) After10.00 p.m., the pupils return home.
5) She washes her dishes aftereating.
6) Whilehe was walking, he saw a dog.
7) As he arrived at the beach, they found
themselves a perfect spot.
8) He cried whenhe found his cat dead.
ADVERBS OF TIME
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something is going to happen, or something had
happened.
Example:
1) I ate my breakfast whenshe arrived.
2) Hakim will sleep after10.00 p.m.
3) Beforesleeping, Zara hugs her mother.
4) After10.00 p.m., the pupils return home.
5) She washes her dishes aftereating.
6) Whilehe was walking, he saw a dog.
7) As he arrived at the beach, they found
themselves a perfect spot.
8) He cried whenhe found his cat dead.
ADVERBS OF TIME
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LIST OF ADVERBS
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abnormallybadlycalmly daily
accidentallybeautifullycarelesslydearly
acidlybitterlycautiouslydeceivingly
actuallybleaklycertainlydelightfully
adventurouslyblindlycheerfullydeeply
afterwardsblissfullyclearlydefiantly
almostboastfullycleverlydeliberately
always boldlycloselydelightfully
angrilybravelycarefullydiligently
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abnormallybadlycalmly daily
accidentallybeautifullycarelesslydearly
acidlybitterlycautiouslydeceivingly
actuallybleaklycertainlydelightfully
adventurouslyblindlycheerfullydeeply
afterwardsblissfullyclearlydefiantly
almostboastfullycleverlydeliberately
always boldlycloselydelightfully
angrilybravelycarefullydiligently
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A preposition links
something to something
else. In a sentence, it is
used before a noun or
pronoun.
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A preposition links
something to something
else. In a sentence, it is
used before a noun or
pronoun.
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•There are five types of prepositions.
1) Preposition of Location or Place
Example: Zara is studying inher room.
2) Preposition of Direction
Example: Zara goes toschool.
3) Preposition of Time
Example: The class begins at8.00 a.m.
4) Preposition of Accompaniment
Example: Zara plays netball withElena.
5) Preposition of Purpose
Example 1: Elena went to a park for a jog.
Example 2 : Elena went to a park to jog.
TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS
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1) Preposition of Location or Place
Example: Zara is studying inher room.
2) Preposition of Direction
Example: Zara goes toschool.
3) Preposition of Time
Example: The class begins at8.00 a.m.
4) Preposition of Accompaniment
Example: Zara plays netball withElena.
5) Preposition of Purpose
Example 1: Elena went to a park for a jog.
Example 2 : Elena went to a park to jog.
TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS
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•Preposition of directions shows where
someone is going or coming from.
Example:
1) Hakim is climbing upthe stairs.
2) Zara is walking downthe stair.
3) The bird flew throughthe window.
4) The dog jumped overthe fence.
5) Zara strolled alongthe beach yesterday.
6) Elena goesto school.
7) My father wentpast the school.
8) My uncle took offhis T-shirt.
9) Faridis swimming acrossthe river.
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
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someone is going or coming from.
Example:
1) Hakim is climbing upthe stairs.
2) Zara is walking downthe stair.
3) The bird flew throughthe window.
4) The dog jumped overthe fence.
5) Zara strolled alongthe beach yesterday.
6) Elena goesto school.
7) My father wentpast the school.
8) My uncle took offhis T-shirt.
9) Faridis swimming acrossthe river.
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
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•A preposition of location is used to refer to a
place or someone or something is located.
Sometimes, it is called preposition of position.
Example:
1. The bird is onthe tree.
2. The bird is perching onthe branch.
3. The bird is flying inthe sky.
4. The mouse is underthe tree.
5. The butterflies flutter abovethe flowers.
6. The boys are playing nearthe tree.
7. Elena is laying a mat undera shady tree.
8. Her mother sits onthe mat.
9. My father works atHSNZ.
PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION
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place or someone or something is located.
Sometimes, it is called preposition of position.
Example:
1. The bird is onthe tree.
2. The bird is perching onthe branch.
3. The bird is flying inthe sky.
4. The mouse is underthe tree.
5. The butterflies flutter abovethe flowers.
6. The boys are playing nearthe tree.
7. Elena is laying a mat undera shady tree.
8. Her mother sits onthe mat.
9. My father works atHSNZ.
PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION
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•Preposition of Time is used to indicate the
time of an action is taken place. Words ‘in’,
‘on’, ‘at’, and ‘during’ show preposition of time.
Example:
1) I was born in2005.
2) My father celebrates his birthday inJuly.
3) During the school holidays, Hakim and his
family went to see his grandparents.
4) Halim gets up at6.00 o’clock.
5) On Saturdays, I play football.
6) I play football onSaturday.
7) We will go tothe cinema at night.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
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time of an action is taken place. Words ‘in’,
‘on’, ‘at’, and ‘during’ show preposition of time.
Example:
1) I was born in2005.
2) My father celebrates his birthday inJuly.
3) During the school holidays, Hakim and his
family went to see his grandparents.
4) Halim gets up at6.00 o’clock.
5) On Saturdays, I play football.
6) I play football onSaturday.
7) We will go tothe cinema at night.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
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•Preposition of accompaniment describes
accompaniment. The sentence usually has word
‘with’
Example:
1. Zara goes for a walk withme.
2. Hakim sleeps on the bed withhis brother
3. Elena is playing withZara.
PREPOSITIONS OF ACCOMPANIMENT
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accompaniment. The sentence usually has word
‘with’
Example:
1. Zara goes for a walk withme.
2. Hakim sleeps on the bed withhis brother
3. Elena is playing withZara.
PREPOSITIONS OF ACCOMPANIMENT
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•Preposition of purpose describes the purpose
of an action. The sentence usually has word
‘for’, ‘to’, ‘by’, and ‘in order to’
Example:
1) Zara goes to Cheratingfor a picnic.
2) Maryam went fora walk.
3) Elena uses a pole topluck some rambutans.
4) Ali used a sickle totrim the hedges.
5) Hakim goes to school bybus.
6) EncikAli had to go to the sea in order to
earn a living with his family.
7) We must study hard in order tosucceed.
PREPOSITIONS OF PURPOSE
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of an action. The sentence usually has word
‘for’, ‘to’, ‘by’, and ‘in order to’
Example:
1) Zara goes to Cheratingfor a picnic.
2) Maryam went fora walk.
3) Elena uses a pole topluck some rambutans.
4) Ali used a sickle totrim the hedges.
5) Hakim goes to school bybus.
6) EncikAli had to go to the sea in order to
earn a living with his family.
7) We must study hard in order tosucceed.
PREPOSITIONS OF PURPOSE
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WHERE IS THE MAN?
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Complete the sentences.
A. The man is standing _________ the ball.
B. The man is standing _____________ the ball.
C. The man is standing ______________ the table.
A B C
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Complete the sentences.
A. The man is standing _________ the ball.
B. The man is standing _____________ the ball.
C. The man is standing ______________ the table.
A B C
WHERE IS THE MAN?
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A B C
Complete the sentences.
A. The man is laying _________ the ball.
B. The man is standing _____________ the drum.
C. The man is standing ______________ the flower trees.
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A B C
Complete the sentences.
A. The man is laying _________ the ball.
B. The man is standing _____________ the drum.
C. The man is standing ______________ the flower trees.
WHERE IS THE MAN?
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Complete the sentences.
A. The man is sitting _________ the box.
B. The man is standing _____________ the chair.
C. The man is standing ______________ from the chair.
A B C
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Complete the sentences.
A. The man is sitting _________ the box.
B. The man is standing _____________ the chair.
C. The man is standing ______________ from the chair.
A B C
WHERE IS THE MAN?
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A B C
116
Complete the sentences.
A. The cloud is _____________ the man.
B. The man is _____________ the cloud.
C. The man is standing ______________ the trees.
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A B C
116
Complete the sentences.
A. The cloud is _____________ the man.
B. The man is _____________ the cloud.
C. The man is standing ______________ the trees.
WHERE IS THE BIRD?
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A B C
117
Complete the sentences.
A. The bird is _________ the man.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the man.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the box.
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A B C
117
Complete the sentences.
A. The bird is _________ the man.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the man.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the box.
WHERE IS THE BIRD?
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A B C
118
Complete the sentences.
A. The man is sitting _________ the box.
B. The man is standing _____________ the chair.
C. The man is standing ______________ from the chair.
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A B C
118
Complete the sentences.
A. The man is sitting _________ the box.
B. The man is standing _____________ the chair.
C. The man is standing ______________ from the chair.
WHERE IS THE BIRD?
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A B C
119
Complete the sentences.
A. The bird is flying _________ the box.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the stairs.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the stairs.
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A B C
119
Complete the sentences.
A. The bird is flying _________ the box.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the stairs.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the stairs.
WHERE IS THE BIRD?
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A B C
120
Complete the sentences.
A. The bird is flying around _________ the bird house.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the bird house.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the bird house.
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A B C
120
Complete the sentences.
A. The bird is flying around _________ the bird house.
B. The bird is flying _____________ the bird house.
C. The bird is flying ______________ the bird house.
WHERE ARE THEY?
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A B C
121
Complete the sentences.
A. The ball is rolling _________ the road.
B. The ball is rolling _____________ the road.
C. The is flying ______________ the hole.
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A B C
121
Complete the sentences.
A. The ball is rolling _________ the road.
B. The ball is rolling _____________ the road.
C. The is flying ______________ the hole.
Sirplz Collections
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A conjunction
joins two words,
phrases, clauses,
and sentences
together.
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A conjunction
joins two words,
phrases, clauses,
and sentences
together.
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3 types of conjunctions
CONJUNCTIONS
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Coordinating Conjunctions
Connect two main clauses.
Connectors : for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Subordinating Conjunctions
Connect subordinate to the main clause.
Connectors : because, since, as, although, though,
while,whereas, until, after
Correlative Conjunctions
A pair of conjunctions that works together.
Connectors : either-or, neither-nor, etc.
CONJUNCTIONS
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Coordinating Conjunctions
Connect two main clauses.
Connectors : for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Subordinating Conjunctions
Connect subordinate to the main clause.
Connectors : because, since, as, although, though,
while,whereas, until, after
Correlative Conjunctions
A pair of conjunctions that works together.
Connectors : either-or, neither-nor, etc.
Readthepassage.
SitiNurhalizaismyfavouritesinger.
Iloveher,forshecansingsweetly.Myfamilyand
friendsalsolikeher.SitiNurhalizahasn’ttaken
singinglessons,norshedoesneeditto.Sheis
popularbuthumble.Whilesheisperforming,she
canfillmewithjoy,orshecanbringmetotears.
Othersingershavetriedtoimitateher,yetthey
havenotsucceeded.SitiNurhalizaisgiftedwithher
strongandsultryvoice,soshewillattractherfans
formanyyearstocome.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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SitiNurhalizaismyfavouritesinger.
Iloveher,forshecansingsweetly.Myfamilyand
friendsalsolikeher.SitiNurhalizahasn’ttaken
singinglessons,norshedoesneeditto.Sheis
popularbuthumble.Whilesheisperforming,she
canfillmewithjoy,orshecanbringmetotears.
Othersingershavetriedtoimitateher,yetthey
havenotsucceeded.SitiNurhalizaisgiftedwithher
strongandsultryvoice,soshewillattractherfans
formanyyearstocome.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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THE FANBOYS
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TypeClauses Combine
For1) Hakim studies
hard.
2) Hakim has an
examination.
Hakim studies hard,
forhe has an
examination.
And1)Zara plays toys.
2) Elena plays toys.
Zara andElena play
toys.
Nor1) Hakim did not
speak English.
2) Hakim did not do
well in the test.
Hakim did not speak
English, norhe did
well in the test.
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TypeClauses Combine
For1) Hakim studies
hard.
2) Hakim has an
examination.
Hakim studies hard,
forhe has an
examination.
And1)Zara plays toys.
2) Elena plays toys.
Zara andElena play
toys.
Nor1) Hakim did not
speak English.
2) Hakim did not do
well in the test.
Hakim did not speak
English, norhe did
well in the test.
THE FANBOYS
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TypeClauses Combine
But1) Yusofis not
feeling well.
2) He is going to
school.
Yusofis not feeling
well buthe is going
to school.
Or1)Do you like tea?
2) Do you like
coffee?
Do you like tea or
coffee?
Yet1) Yusofwas sick.
2) Yusofdid not see
the doctor.
Yusofwas sick yet
he did not see the
doctor.
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TypeClauses Combine
But1) Yusofis not
feeling well.
2) He is going to
school.
Yusofis not feeling
well buthe is going
to school.
Or1)Do you like tea?
2) Do you like
coffee?
Do you like tea or
coffee?
Yet1) Yusofwas sick.
2) Yusofdid not see
the doctor.
Yusofwas sick yet
he did not see the
doctor.
THE FANBOYS
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TypeClauses Combine
So1) Yusofis sick
2) He is going to the
clinic.
Yusofis sick sohe
is going to the clinic.
F
A
N
B
O
Y
S
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
so
Reason
Addition
Disconjunction
contrast
Option
Non-caused effect
Cause-effect
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TypeClauses Combine
So1) Yusofis sick
2) He is going to the
clinic.
Yusofis sick sohe
is going to the clinic.
F
A
N
B
O
Y
S
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
so
Reason
Addition
Disconjunction
contrast
Option
Non-caused effect
Cause-effect
•Subordinating conjunctions are words that join
the dependent clause to the independent
clause.
•Dependent clause is a sentence that has
subject, verb, and object but it can’t stand
alone to form a complete thought.
Example: Because she saw a ghost,
•Independent clause is a sentence that has a
subject, verb, and object to form a complete
thought.
Example: Elena ran fast.
•Complete thought: Because she saw a ghost,
Elena ran fast.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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the dependent clause to the independent
clause.
•Dependent clause is a sentence that has
subject, verb, and object but it can’t stand
alone to form a complete thought.
Example: Because she saw a ghost,
•Independent clause is a sentence that has a
subject, verb, and object to form a complete
thought.
Example: Elena ran fast.
•Complete thought: Because she saw a ghost,
Elena ran fast.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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•A subordinating conjunctions show cause-effect
relationship, a contrast, or some other kind of
relationship between the two clauses.
Example 1
DC : Since Zara came here.
IDC : she has more friends.
Combine : Since Zara came here, she has more
friends.
Example 2
DC : Adeerawaits.
IDC : Adeera’sfamily comes to fetch her.
Combine : Adeerawaits until her family comes
to fetch her.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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relationship, a contrast, or some other kind of
relationship between the two clauses.
Example 1
DC : Since Zara came here.
IDC : she has more friends.
Combine : Since Zara came here, she has more
friends.
Example 2
DC : Adeerawaits.
IDC : Adeera’sfamily comes to fetch her.
Combine : Adeerawaits until her family comes
to fetch her.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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•Correlative conjunctions are used to join two
main clauses together. They work in pair, for
example ‘either____or’, ‘neither____nor’, or ‘not
only____butalso’.
Example 1
MC1 : SKSB won the action song competition.
MC2 : The school won the best costumes.
Combine:
Not only SKSB won the action song
competition, but also, the school won the
costumes.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
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main clauses together. They work in pair, for
example ‘either____or’, ‘neither____nor’, or ‘not
only____butalso’.
Example 1
MC1 : SKSB won the action song competition.
MC2 : The school won the best costumes.
Combine:
Not only SKSB won the action song
competition, but also, the school won the
costumes.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
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SIGNAL WORDS FOR CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating
Conjunctions
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Subordinating
Conjunctions
after, although, as, as if, as long
as, as much as, as soon as,
because, before, by the time,
even though, if, once, only, only if,
provided that, since, so, that,
though, unless, until, when,
whereas, while
Correlative
Conjunctions
either/or, neither/nor, not
only/but, whether/or
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Coordinating
Conjunctions
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Subordinating
Conjunctions
after, although, as, as if, as long
as, as much as, as soon as,
because, before, by the time,
even though, if, once, only, only if,
provided that, since, so, that,
though, unless, until, when,
whereas, while
Correlative
Conjunctions
either/or, neither/nor, not
only/but, whether/or
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MATCH THE SENTENCES TO THE
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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Neither Hakim nor Zara
likes vegetables.
Ali was frustrated, for
he failed his examination.
As Hani blew out the
candles, she caught her
hair on fire.
Subordinating
Conjunctions
Coordinating
Conjunctions
Correlative
Conjunctions
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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Neither Hakim nor Zara
likes vegetables.
Ali was frustrated, for
he failed his examination.
As Hani blew out the
candles, she caught her
hair on fire.
Subordinating
Conjunctions
Coordinating
Conjunctions
Correlative
Conjunctions
Sirplz Collections
133
A question word is used
to ask a question about
someone or something.
We always use words
such as who, what,
where, when, which,
whose, whom, why and
how to interrogate.
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133
A question word is used
to ask a question about
someone or something.
We always use words
such as who, what,
where, when, which,
whose, whom, why and
how to interrogate.
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QUESTION WORDS
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Word Functions
WhoAskabout someone
Example:
1) Who is your favourite teacher?
2) Who are your best friends?
3) Who is sitting next to you?
WhatAsk about specific information?
Example:
1)What is your name?
2) What time is the bus coming?
3) What size are your shoes?
4) What is the day today?
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Word Functions
WhoAskabout someone
Example:
1) Who is your favourite teacher?
2) Who are your best friends?
3) Who is sitting next to you?
WhatAsk about specific information?
Example:
1)What is your name?
2) What time is the bus coming?
3) What size are your shoes?
4) What is the day today?
QUESTION WORDS
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Word Functions
WhereAsk about a place
Example:
1)Where is Elena?
2) Where are you from?
3) Where is the library?
WhenAsk about time/ occasion
Example:
1)When do schools open?
2) When is your birthday?
3) When is the National Day?
4) When will you come here?
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Word Functions
WhereAsk about a place
Example:
1)Where is Elena?
2) Where are you from?
3) Where is the library?
WhenAsk about time/ occasion
Example:
1)When do schools open?
2) When is your birthday?
3) When is the National Day?
4) When will you come here?
QUESTION WORDS
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Word Functions
WhichAsk about choice or preference
Example:
1)Which book did you borrow?
2) Which day do your prefer?
3) Which is better? This one or that one?
WhyAsk forthe reason/ explanation
Example:
1) Why is the boy crying?
2) Why are you always late?
3) Why did he do that?
4) Why did you scold her?
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Word Functions
WhichAsk about choice or preference
Example:
1)Which book did you borrow?
2) Which day do your prefer?
3) Which is better? This one or that one?
WhyAsk forthe reason/ explanation
Example:
1) Why is the boy crying?
2) Why are you always late?
3) Why did he do that?
4) Why did you scold her?
QUESTION WORDS
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Word Functions
HowAsk about manner/ something is done
Example:
1)How do you make a kite?
2) How does you know him?
3) How can I learn English quickly?
How
old
many
much
Ask about quantity
Example:
1) How old are you?
2) How many days are there in a week?
3) How many pencils do you have?
4) How much money do you have?
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Word Functions
HowAsk about manner/ something is done
Example:
1)How do you make a kite?
2) How does you know him?
3) How can I learn English quickly?
How
old
many
much
Ask about quantity
Example:
1) How old are you?
2) How many days are there in a week?
3) How many pencils do you have?
4) How much money do you have?
QUESTION WORDS
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Word Functions
How
often
Ask about frequency
Example:
1)How often you visit your grandparents?
2) How often are you sick?
3) How often do you eat?
How
many
How
much
Ask about quantity
Example:
1) How old are you?
2) How many days are there in a week?
3) How many pencils do you have?
4) How much money you have in the bank?
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Word Functions
How
often
Ask about frequency
Example:
1)How often you visit your grandparents?
2) How often are you sick?
3) How often do you eat?
How
many
How
much
Ask about quantity
Example:
1) How old are you?
2) How many days are there in a week?
3) How many pencils do you have?
4) How much money you have in the bank?
QUESTION WORDS
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Word Functions
How farAskabout the distance
Example:
1) How far is Marangfrom here?
2) How far is your school from here?
3) How far is the Sun from the Earth?
How longAsk about the duration/ length
Example:
1) How long have you know your friend?
2)How long will you take to complete
the task?
3) How long is Pahang River?
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Word Functions
How farAskabout the distance
Example:
1) How far is Marangfrom here?
2) How far is your school from here?
3) How far is the Sun from the Earth?
How longAsk about the duration/ length
Example:
1) How long have you know your friend?
2)How long will you take to complete
the task?
3) How long is Pahang River?
QUESTION WORDS
140
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Word Functions
WhoseAskabout possession
Example:
1) Whose book is this?
2) Whose cat is purring outside?
3) Whose phone keeps ringing?
WhomAsk about object pronoun
Example:
1) Whom are you going to invite?
2)Whom did you speak to?
3) Whom do you want to play with?
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Word Functions
WhoseAskabout possession
Example:
1) Whose book is this?
2) Whose cat is purring outside?
3) Whose phone keeps ringing?
WhomAsk about object pronoun
Example:
1) Whom are you going to invite?
2)Whom did you speak to?
3) Whom do you want to play with?
QUESTION WORDS
141
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Word Functions
WhoseAskabout possession
Example:
1) Whose book is this?
2) Whose cat is purring outside?
3) Whose phone keeps ringing?
4) Whose son went missing?
WhomAsk about object pronoun
Example:
1) Whom are you going to invite?
2)Whom did you speak to?
3) Whom do you want to play with?
141
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Word Functions
WhoseAskabout possession
Example:
1) Whose book is this?
2) Whose cat is purring outside?
3) Whose phone keeps ringing?
4) Whose son went missing?
WhomAsk about object pronoun
Example:
1) Whom are you going to invite?
2)Whom did you speak to?
3) Whom do you want to play with?
YES / NO QUESTIONS
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Word Functions
AreAre you coming tomorrow?
IsIs he coming tomorrow?
AmAmI going to do this?
DoDoyou like cats?
DoesDoes he like cats?
DidDid he comeyesterday?
HasHas he came here?
HaveHave you got acat?
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Word Functions
AreAre you coming tomorrow?
IsIs he coming tomorrow?
AmAmI going to do this?
DoDoyou like cats?
DoesDoes he like cats?
DidDid he comeyesterday?
HasHas he came here?
HaveHave you got acat?
YES / NO QUESTIONS
143
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Word Functions
AreAre you coming tomorrow?
IsIs he coming tomorrow?
AmAmI going to do this?
DoDoyou like cats?
DoesDoes he like cats?
DidDid he comeyesterday?
HasHas he came home?
HaveHave you got acat?
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Word Functions
AreAre you coming tomorrow?
IsIs he coming tomorrow?
AmAmI going to do this?
DoDoyou like cats?
DoesDoes he like cats?
DidDid he comeyesterday?
HasHas he came home?
HaveHave you got acat?
YES / NO QUESTIONS
144
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Word Functions
HadHad you ever seen him before?
HavegotHaveyou got blue eyes?
Has gotHasshe got black hair?
Is thereIs there a cat in thehouse?
Are thereAre there threesnakes in the zoo?
CanCan you borrowme your books?
CouldCouldyou please help me?
WillWill you come to my house?
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Word Functions
HadHad you ever seen him before?
HavegotHaveyou got blue eyes?
Has gotHasshe got black hair?
Is thereIs there a cat in thehouse?
Are thereAre there threesnakes in the zoo?
CanCan you borrowme your books?
CouldCouldyou please help me?
WillWill you come to my house?
YES / NO QUESTIONS
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Word Functions
WouldWould you like, tea or coffee?
ShouldShould I tell him earlier?
ShallShallwe go now?
MustMustI help him?
Sentence Structure for WH Question
QW –Helping Words –Subject –Verb –Object
When is he coming to school?
Sentence Structure for Yes/No Question
Modal –Subject –Verb –Object
Did you go to school?
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Word Functions
WouldWould you like, tea or coffee?
ShouldShould I tell him earlier?
ShallShallwe go now?
MustMustI help him?
Sentence Structure for WH Question
QW –Helping Words –Subject –Verb –Object
When is he coming to school?
Sentence Structure for Yes/No Question
Modal –Subject –Verb –Object
Did you go to school?
Sirplz Collections
146
Question tags is used
when you want
someone to agree or
disagree
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146
Question tags is used
when you want
someone to agree or
disagree
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QUESTION TAGS
•Forms of questions tags are as follows:
Positive Statement –Question Tag Negative
Example:
1) You areokay, aren’tyou?
2) You camehere yesterday, didn’t you?
3) Hakim isa boy, isn’the?
4) You have got blue eyes, haven’tyou?
5) They play football on Sundays, don’t they?
6) He cancook, can’the?
7) You shouldwin, shouldn’t you?
8) She isn’tsick, isshe?
9) Elena hasn’twon the contest, hasshe?
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•Forms of questions tags are as follows:
Positive Statement –Question Tag Negative
Example:
1) You areokay, aren’tyou?
2) You camehere yesterday, didn’t you?
3) Hakim isa boy, isn’the?
4) You have got blue eyes, haven’tyou?
5) They play football on Sundays, don’t they?
6) He cancook, can’the?
7) You shouldwin, shouldn’t you?
8) She isn’tsick, isshe?
9) Elena hasn’twon the contest, hasshe?
147
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Sirplz Collections
148
Subject –Verb Agreement
is a requirement that a
subject and verb of a
clause or sentence must
match in person or
number, whether singular
or plural.
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148
Subject –Verb Agreement
is a requirement that a
subject and verb of a
clause or sentence must
match in person or
number, whether singular
or plural.
https://t.me/sirplz
RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
•Rule 1 : Subject and verb must agree in number.
Example: SS-SV
The doggrowls.
•Rule 2 : The word that comes between subject
and verb do not affect agreement.
Example: SS –SV
Elenaalways winsthe competition.
•Rule 3 : Prepositional phrases do not affect
the agreement
Example: PS -PV
The coloursof the rainbow arebeautiful.
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•Rule 1 : Subject and verb must agree in number.
Example: SS-SV
The doggrowls.
•Rule 2 : The word that comes between subject
and verb do not affect agreement.
Example: SS –SV
Elenaalways winsthe competition.
•Rule 3 : Prepositional phrases do not affect
the agreement
Example: PS -PV
The coloursof the rainbow arebeautiful.
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RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
•Rule 4 : Subject don’t always come before
verb.
Example: What day isit today?
•Rule 5 : TiTa
Example: There isa boy.
Example: There aretwo boys.
•Rule 6 : Two subjects are joined by ‘and’, they
become plural
Example: Anifand Aniqareplaying football at
the field.
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•Rule 4 : Subject don’t always come before
verb.
Example: What day isit today?
•Rule 5 : TiTa
Example: There isa boy.
Example: There aretwo boys.
•Rule 6 : Two subjects are joined by ‘and’, they
become plural
Example: Anifand Aniqareplaying football at
the field.
150
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RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
•Rule 7 : Uncountable noun is regarded as a
single subject.
Example: Riceismy favourite dish.
•Rule 8 : Words ‘each’, ‘every’, ‘any’, ‘no that
come before a subject, verb is singular.
Example: Eachof you isaccepted into our
school team.
•Rule 9 : The correlative conjunctions
‘either__or’ and ‘neither__no’, the verb is
singular
Example: EitherHaniforAzmanwinsthe race.
151
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•Rule 7 : Uncountable noun is regarded as a
single subject.
Example: Riceismy favourite dish.
•Rule 8 : Words ‘each’, ‘every’, ‘any’, ‘no that
come before a subject, verb is singular.
Example: Eachof you isaccepted into our
school team.
•Rule 9 : The correlative conjunctions
‘either__or’ and ‘neither__no’, the verb is
singular
Example: EitherHaniforAzmanwinsthe race.
151
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RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
•Rule 12 : Indefinite Pronoun –everybody,
somebody, someone, something acts as
singular noun, verb is singular
Example: SS-SV
Everybody is doing okay here.
•Rule 13: ‘Few’, ‘many’, ‘several’, ‘both’, ‘all’ and
‘some’ acts as plural subject, the verb remains
a root verb.
Example: SS-SV
Many people attend Pak Ali’s son’s wedding.
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•Rule 12 : Indefinite Pronoun –everybody,
somebody, someone, something acts as
singular noun, verb is singular
Example: SS-SV
Everybody is doing okay here.
•Rule 13: ‘Few’, ‘many’, ‘several’, ‘both’, ‘all’ and
‘some’ acts as plural subject, the verb remains
a root verb.
Example: SS-SV
Many people attend Pak Ali’s son’s wedding.
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RULES OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
•Rule 14 : Gerunds take singular subject, the
verb takes singular verb
Example: SS-SV
Swimming is my hobby
•Rule 15: Title of the books, movies, novels, act
as singular subject, the verb is plural verb.
Example: SS-SV
Harry Potter is Hakim’s favourite book.
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•Rule 14 : Gerunds take singular subject, the
verb takes singular verb
Example: SS-SV
Swimming is my hobby
•Rule 15: Title of the books, movies, novels, act
as singular subject, the verb is plural verb.
Example: SS-SV
Harry Potter is Hakim’s favourite book.
153
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Sirplz Collections
154
Punctuations are
used to create sense,
clarity, and stress in
a sentence. Common
punctuations are the
period, question
mark, coma, and
exclamation mark.
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154
Punctuations are
used to create sense,
clarity, and stress in
a sentence. Common
punctuations are the
period, question
mark, coma, and
exclamation mark.
https://t.me/sirplz
PUNCTUATIONS GUIDE
155
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Symbol Function
.
The period endsthe sentence.
Example: Elena sits on the floor.
,
Comma separatesthe grammar
components in a sentence.
Example:
My mother bought me an eraser, a pencil,
a ruler, and a book.
?
A question marks end direct questions.
Example: Do you have cats?
155
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Symbol Function
.
The period endsthe sentence.
Example: Elena sits on the floor.
,
Comma separatesthe grammar
components in a sentence.
Example:
My mother bought me an eraser, a pencil,
a ruler, and a book.
?
A question marks end direct questions.
Example: Do you have cats?
PUNCTUATIONS GUIDE
156
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Symbol Function
!
The exclamation marks is used to express
exasperation, astonishmentor surprise.
Example: Help! Help! The house in on fire.
-
A hyphen join two or more words
together to form a single word.
Example: up-to-date, son-in-law
’
An apostrophe is usedto show
possession.
Example: Ali’s house.
156
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Symbol Function
!
The exclamation marks is used to express
exasperation, astonishmentor surprise.
Example: Help! Help! The house in on fire.
-
A hyphen join two or more words
together to form a single word.
Example: up-to-date, son-in-law
’
An apostrophe is usedto show
possession.
Example: Ali’s house.
Sirplz Collections
157
Simile is derived from
the word “similar”. It
is used to compare
someone or something
with another. In a
sentence, the words
as-as and like are
similes.
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157
Simile is derived from
the word “similar”. It
is used to compare
someone or something
with another. In a
sentence, the words
as-as and like are
similes.
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COMMON SIMILES
158
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As big as an elephant
As black as coal
As blind as a bat
As bold as brass
As brave as a lion
As bright as a button
As busy as a bee
As cheap as dirt
As clean as a whistle
As clear as mud
As clear as crystal
As cold as ice
As cool as a cucumber
As cunning as a fox
As cute as a bug's ear
As dead as a doornail
As deaf as a post
As dry as a bone
More similes
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET
158
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As big as an elephant
As black as coal
As blind as a bat
As bold as brass
As brave as a lion
As bright as a button
As busy as a bee
As cheap as dirt
As clean as a whistle
As clear as mud
As clear as crystal
As cold as ice
As cool as a cucumber
As cunning as a fox
As cute as a bug's ear
As dead as a doornail
As deaf as a post
As dry as a bone
More similes
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET
Sirplz Collections
159
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Idioms are a groups
of words that have a
particular meaning
that is different from
the meaning of each
individual word.
159
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Idioms are a groups
of words that have a
particular meaning
that is different from
the meaning of each
individual word.
COMMON IDIOMS
160
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160
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Sirplz Collections
161
Proverbs are
simple, concrete,
traditional
sayings that
express truths
based on common
senses or
experiences.
https://t.me/sirplz
161
Proverbs are
simple, concrete,
traditional
sayings that
express truths
based on common
senses or
experiences.
https://t.me/sirplz
COMMON PROVERBS
162
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Proverbs Meaning
Absence makes the
heart grow fonder.
When you are away from
someone you love, you love
them even more.
Accidents will
happen.
Some unfortunate events
must be accepted as
inevitable.
Actions speak louder
than words.
What a person actually does
is more important that what
they say they will do.
162
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Proverbs Meaning
Absence makes the
heart grow fonder.
When you are away from
someone you love, you love
them even more.
Accidents will
happen.
Some unfortunate events
must be accepted as
inevitable.
Actions speak louder
than words.
What a person actually does
is more important that what
they say they will do.
COMMON PROVERBS
163
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Proverbs Meaning
All good things come
to those who wait.
Patience brings rewards.
All that glitters is
not gold.
Appearances can be
deceptive.
All's well that ends
well
There is a solution to
everything even though
there are doubts.
An apple a day
keeps the doctor
away.
A small preventive
treatment wards off
serious problems.
163
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Proverbs Meaning
All good things come
to those who wait.
Patience brings rewards.
All that glitters is
not gold.
Appearances can be
deceptive.
All's well that ends
well
There is a solution to
everything even though
there are doubts.
An apple a day
keeps the doctor
away.
A small preventive
treatment wards off
serious problems.
COMMON PROVERBS
164
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Proverbs Meaning
An ounce of
prevention is worth
a pound of cure.
It is easier to prevent
something from happening
than to repair the damage
or cure the disease later.
April showers bring
May flowers.
Something bad or unpleasant
today may bring good things
in the future.
A bad tree does not
yield good apples.
A bad parent does not raise
good children.
164
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Proverbs Meaning
An ounce of
prevention is worth
a pound of cure.
It is easier to prevent
something from happening
than to repair the damage
or cure the disease later.
April showers bring
May flowers.
Something bad or unpleasant
today may bring good things
in the future.
A bad tree does not
yield good apples.
A bad parent does not raise
good children.
COMMON PROVERBS
165
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Proverbs Meaning
A cat has nine lives.
Cats can survive many
accidents because they land
on their feet without injury.
A flower blooms
more than once.
If you miss an occasion, you
can avail of it at another
time.
A friend in need is a
friend indeed.
Someone who helps you
when you are in trouble is a
real friend.
A friend's eye is a
good mirror.
A real friend will tell you the
truth.
165
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Proverbs Meaning
A cat has nine lives.
Cats can survive many
accidents because they land
on their feet without injury.
A flower blooms
more than once.
If you miss an occasion, you
can avail of it at another
time.
A friend in need is a
friend indeed.
Someone who helps you
when you are in trouble is a
real friend.
A friend's eye is a
good mirror.
A real friend will tell you the
truth.
COMMON PROVERBS
166
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Proverbs Meaning
A good beginning
makes a good end.
If a task is carefully
planned, there's a better
chance that it will be done
well.
A rolling stone
gathers no moss.
If a person keeps moving
from place to place, they
gain neither friends or
possessions.
A rotten apple spoils
the barrel.
A dishonest or immoral
person can have a bad
influence on a group.
166
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Proverbs Meaning
A good beginning
makes a good end.
If a task is carefully
planned, there's a better
chance that it will be done
well.
A rolling stone
gathers no moss.
If a person keeps moving
from place to place, they
gain neither friends or
possessions.
A rotten apple spoils
the barrel.
A dishonest or immoral
person can have a bad
influence on a group.
COMMON PROVERBS
167
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Proverbs Meaning
A stitch in time
saves nine.
It's better to deal with a
problem at an early stage, to
prevent it from getting
worse.
A tree is known by
its fruit.
A man is judged by his
actions.
As you sow, so shall
you reap
You have to accept the
consequences of your
actions.
More proverbs:
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET
167
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Proverbs Meaning
A stitch in time
saves nine.
It's better to deal with a
problem at an early stage, to
prevent it from getting
worse.
A tree is known by
its fruit.
A man is judged by his
actions.
As you sow, so shall
you reap
You have to accept the
consequences of your
actions.
More proverbs:
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET
Sirplz Collections
168
Phrasal verbs are
idiomatic phrases
containing of a verb
and another element:
either adverb or
preposition or a
combination of both.
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168
Phrasal verbs are
idiomatic phrases
containing of a verb
and another element:
either adverb or
preposition or a
combination of both.
https://t.me/sirplz
COMMON PHRASAL VERBS
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get -cometo have
Get in -arrive
Get away -escape
Get up -wake up
Get out -dispel
Get over -recoverfrom
More phrasal verb :
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET
169
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get -cometo have
Get in -arrive
Get away -escape
Get up -wake up
Get out -dispel
Get over -recoverfrom
More phrasal verb :
FIGURATIVE SPEECH BOOKLET
Sirplz Collections
170
Synonyms are
words or phrases
that mean exactly
or nearly the
same as another
words or phrases
in the same
language.
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170
Synonyms are
words or phrases
that mean exactly
or nearly the
same as another
words or phrases
in the same
language.
https://t.me/sirplz
SYNONYMS
171
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Instead of Use Instead ofUse
cleversmartrun dash
good excellenthide conceal
stupiddumb do execute
bad inferiorwalk plod
awfulhorriblehave own
interestingfascinatinguse utilize
come reachget obtain
More synonyms : WITCH WORDS
171
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Instead of Use Instead ofUse
cleversmartrun dash
good excellenthide conceal
stupiddumb do execute
bad inferiorwalk plod
awfulhorriblehave own
interestingfascinatinguse utilize
come reachget obtain
More synonyms : WITCH WORDS
Sirplz Collections
172
Antonyms are
words or phrases
that are opposite in
meaning to another
words and phrases
in the same
language.
https://t.me/sirplz
172
Antonyms are
words or phrases
that are opposite in
meaning to another
words and phrases
in the same
language.
https://t.me/sirplz
OPPOSITES
173
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Word OppositeWord Opposite
new old push pull
modernancientopen close
big smallswitch onswitch off
rich poor go return
old youngborrowlend
man womanhot cold
boy girl beautifulugly
More antonyms : LIST OF OPPOSITES
173
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Word OppositeWord Opposite
new old push pull
modernancientopen close
big smallswitch onswitch off
rich poor go return
old youngborrowlend
man womanhot cold
boy girl beautifulugly
More antonyms : LIST OF OPPOSITES
Sirplz Collections
174
Graphics
thekidzpage@com
Dictionary & Thesaurus
The Oxford English Grammar
The Oxford English Dictionaries 2013
https://www.oxforddictionaries.com
Merriem-Webster
https://www.merriem-Webster.com
Fonts
Kimberly Geswein Fonts
Online Grammar Check
GrammarBook.com
Graphics
Whimsy Clips
https://t.me/sirplz
174
Graphics
thekidzpage@com
Dictionary & Thesaurus
The Oxford English Grammar
The Oxford English Dictionaries 2013
https://www.oxforddictionaries.com
Merriem-Webster
https://www.merriem-Webster.com
Fonts
Kimberly Geswein Fonts
Online Grammar Check
GrammarBook.com
Graphics
Whimsy Clips
https://t.me/sirplz
Tags
Categories
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