Graphical representation of data

Bar Chart | Histogram |Pie Chart| Frequency Polygon | Frequency Curve| Ogive | Graphs use in Statistics

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3. Why we use Graphs/charts to describe the data ? Effective and long lasting impression. Help reader to understand the shape of the distribution of the data. 3. Graphs help in finding the trend and the variation in the data. 4. Graphs also help to predict and forecasts the values. Subscribe

4. Types of charts Bar Chart Histogram 3. Pie Chart 4. Frequency Polygon 5. Frequency Curve 6. Ogive ( Cumulative frequency Polygon) Subscribe

5. Bar Chart In bar chart, the quantities are represented only in one dimension usually by the length of the bars. B ar charts are used when the variation among the classes is small. There are following types of bar charts Simple bar chart 2. Multiple bar chart 3. Sub-divided bar chart Subscribe

6. Example of Simple bar chart No. of heads f 14 1 56 2 70 3 38 4 18 5 4

7. Example of Multiple Bar Chart Years Imports Exports 1991 7930 4260 1992 8850 5225 1993 9780 6150 1994 11720 7240 1995 12150 8145 Imports and export data of Canada (values in $) from 1991 to 1995 1992 1991 1993 1994 1995 Subscribe

8. Example of sub-divided bar chart Years Wheat Barley Oats Total 1991 34 18 27 79 1992 43 14 24 81 1993 43 16 27 86 1994 45 13 34 92 Wheat Oats Barley 1992 1991 1993 1994 Subscribe

9. Histogram The histogram consist s of series of adjacent rectangles drawn from frequency distribution such that area of each rectangle is proportional to the frequency in the range given covered by the distribution. There is a basic difference between bar chart and histogram which is the width of rectangles. In bar chart the width do no matter at all but in histogram the width of the rectangle matters. Subscribe

10. Example of Histogram Class boundaries Frequency 44.5-49.5 4 49.5-54.5 10 54.5-59.5 16 59.5-64.5 23 64.5-69.5 15 69.5-74.5 8 74.5-79.5 4 44.5 7 4.5 69.5 7 9 .5 5 4.5 59.5 6 4.5 49.5 Subscribe

11. Pi Chart A type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole . For example Item values Angel Food 290 (290/600)*360 174 Rent 60 (60/600)*360 36 Clothing 100 (100/600)*360 60 Fuel 75 (75/600)*360 45 Misc. 75 (75/600)*360 45 Total 600 360 Subscribe

12. Frequency Polygon and Frequency curve A frequency polygon is a graph of an observed frequency distribution and frequency curve is the graph of a theoretical frequency distribution. Weight 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 Frequency 4 10 16 23 15 8 4 Subscribe

13. Frequency Polygon Frequency Curve Subscribe

14. Ogive Chart There are two types of ogive chart less than and greater than. This is obtained by plotting cumulative frequencies from start to end for less than and for greater than from end to start. Mass Frequency cm.f 45-49 4 4 50-54 10 14 55-59 16 30 60-64 23 53 65-69 15 68 70-74 8 76 75-79 4 80 Subscribe

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