Grave ophthalmopathy

it helps to refer for seminars exams.it include everything about this disease.

1. GRAVE’S
OPHTHALMOPATHY

2. GRAVE'S
OPHTHALMOPATHY
Graves’ ophthalmopathy, also called thyroid eye disease,
is an inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the
eyes and is characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid
lag, swelling, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and
bulging.
Graves’ disease is a part of the problems caused by a
hyperactive thyroid.
It is an ocular disease, which if not treated in time can
pose a threat to a person’s eyesight.
In extreme cases of Graves’ ophthalmopathy, the eye
muscles get swollen.
They may put extreme pressure on the optic nerve,
leading to double vision or total vision loss

4. CAUSES
Graves' ophthalmopathyresults from a buildup of
certain carbohydrates in the muscles and tissues behind
the eyes —the cause of which also isn't known.
It appears that the same antibody that can cause
thyroid dysfunction may also have an "attraction" to
tissues surrounding the eyes.
Graves' ophthalmopathyoften appears at the same time
as hyperthyroidism or several months later. But signs
and symptoms of ophthalmopathymay appear years
before or after the onset of hyperthyroidism.
Graves' ophthalmopathycan also occur even if there's
no hyperthyroidism.

5. Symptoms
About 30% of people with Graves' disease show some signs and
symptoms of Graves' ophthalmopathy. In Graves'
ophthalmopathy, inflammation and other immune system
events affect muscles and other tissues around your eyes. Signs
and symptoms may include:
Bulging eyes
Gritty sensation in the eyes
Pressure or pain in the eyes
Puffy or retracted eyelids
Reddened or inflamed eyes
Light sensitivity
Double vision
Vision loss

8. DIAGNOSIS
If you have already been diagnosed with
hyperthyroidism, a doctor may diagnose
Graves' eye diseaseby examining the eyes and
finding swelling and enlargement of the eye
muscles
A computed tomography (CT) scan or
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the
eye muscles may be helpful

9. TREATMENT
Symptoms of Graves’ Ophthalmopathymay get worse
for a few months during treatment for Graves' disease,
but then stabilize without intervention. Treatments for
Graves' disease may include:
Overactive thyroid treatments
Radioiodine Therapy
Systemic Medications
Thyroid Surgery
Symptom based treatments
over the counter
prescriptions medications
prisms
surgery

10. Apply cool compresses to eyes
Wear sunglasses
Use lubricating eyedrops
Elevate the head of our bed
Prisms
Steroids
Eyelid surgery
Eye muscle surgery
Orbital decompression surgery

11. RISKFACTORS
Some risks associated with Grave’s
ophthalmopathyare:
Periorbitalswelling.
Upper eyelid retraction.
Pressure in the orbit

12. PREVENTION
Graves’ disease and usually the associated eye disease
cannot be prevented. However, radioiodine therapy used
to treat hyperthyroidism is more likely to worsen the
eye disease and should be avoided, if possible in
patients with moderate or severe eye disease. Treatment
with antithyroiddrugs or surgery does not affect the
course of eye disease.
If radioiodine is used to treat hyperthyroidism in
patients with moderate or severe eye disease, taking a
corticosteroid drug (prednisone) at the time of the
treatment, which is tapered over several weeks may help
prevent worsening of Graves’ eye disease.
Smokers are more prone to develop Graves’
Ophthalmopathythan nonsmokers and they should try
to stop smoking. Second hand exposure to smoke has
the same effect as active smoking and should be
avoided.

13. THANKYOU