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mechanical energy, a BoseEinstein condensate would result. In this state,
atoms would lose their individual properties and would act collectively as a
single entity. Satyendranath Bose passed away in 1974.
Ramanujan (18871920)
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Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan
Srinivas Ramanujan was born on December 22, 1887 in his grandmother's
house in Erode, Tamil Nadu. In January 1913 Ramanujan wrote to G. H.
Hardy having seen a copy of his 1910 book Orders of Infinity. In
Ramanujan's historic first letter to Hardy, he introduced himself and his
work of about 100 theorems. In 1914, Hardy brought Ramanujan to Trinity
College, Cambridge, to begin an extraordinary collaboration between two
mathematicians. On 16 March, 1916 Ramanujan graduated from
Cambridge with a Bachelor of Science by Research (the degree was called
a Ph.D. from 1920). Ramanujan's dissertation was on Highly Composite
Numbers and consisted of seven of his papers published in England.
Ramanujan would go on to publish 26 papers in British journals. On May
2, 1918, Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan was elected Fellow of the Royal
Society of London. He would be the first Indian and first Asian to be
elected so. Srinivasa Ramanujan was one of India's greatest mathematical
geniuses. He made substantial contributions to the analytical theory of
numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, and infinite
series. Ramanujan's work on partial sums and products of hypergeometric
series led to major development in the topic. He gave his name to two
constants, the LandauRamanujan constant and the NielsenRamanujan
constant. Ramanujan died on April 26, 1920 at the age of 33 in
Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu. Before he died, Ramanujan wrote down about
600 theorems on loose sheets of paper, which were discovered and
published only in 1976 as the "Lost Notebook" of Ramanujan.
Sir. J. C. Bose (18581937)
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Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose
Born in Mymensingh, Bengal, in November 30, 1858, Bose went to
England to study medicine at the University of London. He returned to
India with a B.A degree from Cambridge and a B.Sc from the London
University and started experiments involving refraction, diffraction and
polarisation. Sir J.C. Bose did his original scientific work in the area of
Microwaves. He produced extremely short waves and done considerable
improvement upon Hertz's detector of electric waves. He produced a
compact appratus for generating electromagnetic waves of wavelengths
25 to 5 mm and studying their quasioptical properties, such as refraction,
polarization and double refraction. Bose turned his attention from
electromagnetic waves to response phenomena in plants by the end of
the 19th century. Bose's research on response in living and nonliving led
to some significant findings: in some animal tissues like muscles,
stimulation produces change in form as well as electrical excitation, while in
other tissues (nerves or retina), stimulation by light produces electric
changes only but no change of form. He showed that not only animal but
vegetable tissues under different kinds of stimulimechanical, application of
heat, electric shock, chemicals, drugs produce similar electric responses.
He was appointed Professor Emeritus after he retired from the Presidency
College in 1915. The Bose Institute was founded a couple of years later.
He was also elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920. In 1937 Jagdish
Chandra Bose passed away at Giridih in Bihar.
Meghnad Saha (18931956)
Meghnad Saha
Meghnad Saha was born on October 6, 1893 in Sheoratali, a village in the
District of Dacca, now in Bangladesh. In 1911, he came to Calcutta to
study in Presidency College. Meghnad became famous after his article on
solar chromosphere ion' was published in 'Astrophysical journal' in 1920.
He came to be recognised as a scientist of substance. In 1920, he went to
England to prove his theory before the global scientific community. He
went to Prof. Alexander Fowler and Prof. Walter Nurnst of Germany. Two
years later, he came back and joined the University of Calcutta as the
Khaira Professor. In 1927, Meghnad was elected as a fellow of London's
Royal Society.He invented an instrument to measure the weight and
pressure of solar rays. He produced the famous equation which he called
'equation of the reaction isobar for ionization' which later became known
as Saha's "ThermoIonization Equation". Saha was the leading spirit in
organizing the scientific societies like the 'National Academy of Science'
(1930), 'Indian Institute of Science' (1935) and the 'Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science' (1944). The lasting memorial to him is the 'Saha
Institute of Nuclear Physics' founded in 1943 in Calcutta. He was the chief
architect of river planning in India. He prepared the original plan for
Damodar Valley Project. Saha passed away in 1956.