Greek Gods & Goddesses.pptx

Greek Gods and Goddesses

1. THE GREEK GODS AND GODDESSES

2. CHRONUS Also known as SATURN He ruled over the other Titans until his sons Zeus, Poseidon and Hades – dethroned him.

3. RHEA (Rheia) Queen of the Titans Daughter of the Earth Goddess Gaia and the Sky God Uranus Wife and Sister of Cronus

4. OLYMPUS Home of the Olympians Mt. Olympus is identified as the highest mountain in Greece located in Thessaly, in the Northeast of Greece

5. Great gate of clouds of Olympus was kept by the Seasons.

6. Zeus

7. Zeus (Roman Name: Jupiter) Supreme Ruler of the Gods Lord of the Sky, the Rain-god and the Cloud- gatherer His weapon was the might THUNDERBOLT He falls in love frequently and often acts on it (even though he is married) Breastplate – Aegis (armor) Bird – Eagle Tree – Oak Oracle - Dodona

8. HERA

9. HERA Roman Name: (Juno) Wife and Sister of Zeus Protector of Marriage and Married Women Daughter: ILITHYIA – helped women in child birth Cow and peacock is sacred to her Argos – her favorite city

10. POSEIDON

11. POSEIDON Roman Name: (Neptune) God of the Sea He gave the first Horse to men Storm and Calm were under his control Earth-shaker Trident – a three-pronged spear He had connections with bulls as with horses

12. HADES

13. HADES Roman Name: (Pluto) God of the Underworld The God of Wealth of the precious metals hidden in the earth Romans call him Dis – Latin word for Rich He had a far-famed cap or helmet which made whoever wore it invisible

14. His wife Persephone (Proserpine) – Queen of the Underworld He is the King of the Dead – not Death himself Death – Greeks (Thanatos) – Romans (Orcus) Cerberus – the three headed, dragon-tailed dog that Guard before the gate of the Underworld which permits all spirits to enter, but none to return

15. PALLAS ATHENA

16. PALLAS ATHENA Roman Name: (Minerva) Goddess of War, Wisdom, Reason and Purity No mother bore her. She sprang from Zeus’ head She is fierce and ruthless battle goddesses She is the Goddess of the City, the protector of civilized life of handicrafts and agriculture

17. She is the inventor of the Bridle (horse headgear) She is the one who first tamed horses for the men to use. She is Zeus’ favorite child. He trusted her to carry the Aegis (armor), his Buckler (shield) and the Thunderbolt. She was described as “Gray-eyed” or “Flashing-eyed” She is the chief of the Three Virgin Goddesses (Athena, Artemis and Hestia) and she was called Maiden. Temple – Parthenon Athens – City Olive – Tree Owl - Bird

18. PHOEBUS APOLLO

19. PHOEBUS APOLLO Roman Name: (Apollo) God of Light and Truth Son of Zeus and Leto (Latona), born in the little island of Delos He is the twin brother of Artemis A beautiful figure in Greek poetry The Master Musician who delights Olympus as he plays his Golden Lyre

20. The Lord of the Silver Bow The Archer-god, far shooting The Healer – who first taught men the Healing Art No falls words ever falls from his lips The Lycian – Wolf-god Oracle – Delphi Phoebus – “Brilliant” and “Shining” Tree – Laurel Dolphin and Crow is sacred to him

21. ARTEMIS

22. ARTEMIS Roman Name: (Diana) Goddess of Hunt Twin sister of Apollo One of the Virgin Goddesses Lady of the wild Things Huntsman-in-chief to the Gods Protectress of the “Dewy Youth” everywhere In other stories, she is fierce and revengeful Phoebe – the Moon

23. She is the Goddess of Three Forms: SELENE (Moon) in the Sky ARTEMIS in Earth HECATE (goddess of the Dark of the Moon) in the Lower World Cypress is sacred to her Deer and other wild animals are sacred to her

24. APHRODITE

25. APHRODITE Roman Name: (Venus) Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Desire The laughter-loving goddess Daughter of Zeus and Dione She is said to have sprung from the foam of the sea and her name was explained as meaning “the foam-risen” Aphros is foam in Greek She moves in radiant light.

26. Wife of Hephaestus (Vulcan), the lame and ugly god of the forge. Tree – Myrtle Bird – Dove, Sparrow or the Swan

27. HERMES

28. HERMES Roman Name: (Mercury) Son of Zeus and Mia, his mother is the daughter of Atlas He was graceful and swift in motion. On his feet were winged sandals Wings were on his low crowned hat

29. Caduceus - Magic Wand He was Zeus’ Messenger Of all the Gods, he was the Shrewdest and most cunning He was the Master Thief

30. He was a God of Commerce and the Market Protector of Traders He is a solemn guide of the dead, the Divine Herald who led souls down to their last home

31. ARES

32. ARES Roman Name: (Mars) God of War Son of Zeus and Hera He is a hateful God He is a murderous god, bloodstained , the incarnate curse of mortals and strangely, a coward, who bellows with pain and runs away when he is wounded.

33. He often had conflicts and fights with his half-sisters Artemis and Athena, especially during the Trojan War In other stories, he is the lover of Aphrodite He had no cities where he was worshipped. Spear – his symbol Dog – his sacred animal Vulture – his bird

34. ERIS

35. ERIS She is the Goddess of Discord and Spite She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera She is Ares’ twin She often accompanies Ares into battle, bringing along her son, Strife She is very unpopular, and is often snubbed by the other gods. She is said to be the direct cause of the Trojan War

36. ENYO

37. Roman: (Bellona) She is the Goddess of War and Destruction ENYO

38. She walks besides Ares during war With her are TERROR, TREMBLING and PANIC She was the daughter of Zeus and Hera Sister, Female counterpart and companion to Ares

39. HEPHAESTUS

40. HEPHAESTUS Roman Name: (Vulcan and Mulciber) God of Fire Protector of Smith Sometimes said to be the son of Zeus and Hera He is an ugly and lame god. His wife is Aphrodite. He is kindly, peace –loving god. He is more popular in Earth than in Heaven. He and Athena is important in life of the city

41. HESTIA

42. HESTIA Roman Name: (Vesta) Goddess of Hearth, the symbol of Home One of the Virgin Goddesses

43. VESTALS The Six Virgin Priestesses In Rome, they care for the fire of Vesta

44. HEARTH The Symbol Of Home

45. THE LESSER GODS AND GODDESSES

46. EROS

47. EROS Roman Name: (Cupid) God of Love “Fairest of all the deathless gods In early stories, he is often to be a beautiful serious Youth who gives good gifts to men and his greatest glory is that he cannot do wrong nor allow it. Force never comes near him.

48. He is the son of Aphrodite and almost invariably a mischievous, naughty boy or worse. He was often represented blindfolded, because “Love is blind”.

49. In attendance upon him are: ANTEROS – the Avenger of Slighted Love, sometimes who opposes love HIMEROS – Longing HYMEN – the God of the Wedding Feast

50. HEBE

51. HEBE Goddess of Youth She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera She sometimes appears as the Cupbearer to the Gods. There is no stories about Hebe except that of her marriage to Hercules

52. IRIS

53. IRIS Goddess of the Rainbow Messenger to the Gods

54. In Olympus, there are two bands of lovely sisters: The MUSES and The GRACES

55. GRACES

56. GRACES Goddesses of Charm, Beauty, Nature, Human Creativity and Fertility They bestowed Charm and Goodness on Young Women and gave joy to people. The name refers to the “pleasing” or “charming” appearance of a fertile field or garden.

57. The number of Graces varied in different legends, but usually there were three: Aglaia (Splendor / Brightness) Euphrosyne (Mirth / Joyfulness) Thalia (Good Cheer / Bloom) They are said to be daughters of Zeus and Eurynome (daughter of the Titan, Oceanus), or Zeus and Hera, or of Helios and Aegle, (a daughter of Zeus). They “give life its bloom”. They are the “Queen of Songs”.

58. According to myths, the Graces were usually attending the Greek Goddess of Beauty, Aphrodite, and her companion, Eros, and loved dancing around in a circle to Apollo’s divine music, together with the Nymphs and the Muses. They are also known as the CHARITIES .

59. MUSES

60. MUSES Nine very intelligent, beautiful and careless divinities. Each Muse was responsible for a different literary or poetic genre. Daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (Memory) When Muses sings man will forget their sorrow and grief in his soul or dark thoughts. Such is a holy gift of Muses to men. They have their own special field.

61. Muse Domain Emblems Calliope Epic Poetry Calliope's emblem is a writing tablet. Clio History Clio's emblem is a scroll. Erato Love Poetry Erato's emblem is a Cithara (a musical instrument in the lyre family). Euterpe Lyric Poetry Euterpe's emblem is the Aulos (which is a Greek instrument that's similar to a flute). Melpomene Tragedy Melpomene's emblem is a tragic mask. Polyhymnia Songs to Gods Polyhymnia's emblem is a veil. Terpsichore Dance Terpsichore's emblem is a harp / lyre. Thalia Comedy Thalia's emblem is a comedic mask. Urania Astronomy Urania's emblems are a globe and a compass.

62. THE MUSES' ATTRIBUTES CALLIOPE is the superior Muse. She inspired Homer as he wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey . She accompanied kings and princes to help them impose justice and serenity. Calliope is the protector of poetic works, the rhetoric arts, music, and writing. Calliope is usually depicted with laurels in one hand and two Homeric poems in the other. CLIO is the protector of history. In ancient Greece, the word for "history" was "clio" (which is derived from "Kleos," the Greek word for the heroic arts). Depictions of Clio portray her holding a clarion in her right arm and a book in her left hand.

63. ERATO is the protector of love poetry. She holds a lyre, love arrows, and a bow. EUTERPE is the protector of songs and lyrical poetry of death, love, and war. She created several musical instruments and inspires the creation of beautiful music. She is often portrayed with a flute in her hands while her other instruments surround her. MELPOMENE is the protector of the tragedies. She created rhetoric speech and the melodies of tragedy. She is typically depicted holding a tragic theatrical mask.

64. POLYHYMNIA is the protector of divine hymns. She created geometry and grammar. She is usually depicted wearing a veil and looking up to the heavens. TERPSICHORE is the creator and protector of dance. She also created the harp and education. She is usually depicted with a laurel wreath on her head while she holds her harp and dances.

65. THALIA is the opposite of Melpomene. She is the protector of comedy, the sciences (including geometry, architecture, and agriculture,) and symposiums. She typically holds a comedic theatrical mask in her depictions. URANIA is the protector of celestial bodies. She created astronomy, and she bears stars, a celestial sphere, and a compass.

66. THE ROLE OF THE MUSES IN MYTHOLOGY AND THE ARTS Zeus brought the Muses to life to celebrate the victory of the Olympian gods over the Titans, and to forget the evils of the world. Their lovely voices and dancing helped to relieve the sorrows of the past. Each Muse had her own domain over a particular artistic discipline. Apollo, the god of music, art, and poetry, is their teacher. The Muses followed Apollo, sang, and danced joyfully as he wandered through the beauty of nature on Mount Helicon where they lived and worshiped. According to Pindar (c. 522 - 443 BC), a Greek lyric poet, to "carry a mousa " is "to excel in the arts" . MOUSA is a common Greek noun. It means "arts" or "poetry." The Muses inspire creation. Many people believe that the inspiration they need to write literature, a poem, or create any artistic expression is beyond their control, and that creative impulses only come from the Muse they call upon.

67. Other known Heavenly Forms

68. Goddess of Right or Divine Justice

69. DIKE Goddess of Human Justice

70. NEMESIS Goddess of Righteous Anger

71. AIDOS Goddess of Modesty, Shame, Reverence and Respect

72. The Two Great Gods of Earth “Mankind’s Best friends”

73. DEMETER

74. DEMETER Roman Name: (Ceres) Goddess of Corn Daughter of Chronus and Rhea Mother of Persephone (The Maiden of Spring)

75. DIONYSUS

76. DIONYSUS Roman Name: (Bacchus) God of Wine He was born in Thebes Son of Zeus and Semele (a Theban Princess) He was the only god whose parents are not both divine. The God of Wine could be kind and beneficent He could also be cruel and drive men on to frightful deeds.

77. The Gods of Waters

78. POSEIDON

79. Roman Name: (NEPTUNE) Lord and Ruler of the Sea (Mediterranean) The Friendly Sea (EUXINE, now the Black Sea) Underground rivers too were his. POSEIDON

80. OCEAN

81. OCEAN Also known as OCEANUS Lord of the River He is a Titan. A great river encircling the Earth His wife is Tethys (also a Titan) The gods of all rivers on earth are their sons.

82. OCEANIDS The Nymphs of this great river were the daughters of Ocean and Tethys.

83. PONTUS

84. Pontus was an ancient, pre-Olympian sea god, one of the Greek primordial deities. Pontus was Gaia's son PONTUS Means The Deep Sea Brother of Nereus, a sea god far more important than he himself was

85. NEREUS

86. NEREUS The Old Man of the Sea (Mediterranean) A trusty and gentle god His wife is Doris (daughter of Ocean They have fifty (50) lovely daughters, the nymphs of the sea, called NERIEDS (from their father’s name Two of them are Thetis (mother of Achilles) and Amphitrite (Poseidon’s wife).

87. AMPHITRITE The eldest of the Nereids and called the “Queen of the Sea”, wife of the god Poseidon.

88. One of the 50 Nereids (sea Nymphs) THETIS

89. TRITON

90. TRITON Trumpeter of the Sea His trumpet is a great shell He was the son of Poseidon and Amphitrite Triton is a mythological Greek god, the messenger of the big sea.

91. PROTEUS Sometimes said to be the son of Poseidon but sometimes only his attendant He had the power of both foretelling the future and changing his shape at will

92. TRITON PROTEUS

93. NAIADS Water Nymphs, they dwelt in brooks and springs and fountains

94. The Underworld

95. HADES

96. PERSEPHONE

97. HADES He ruled the Kingdom of the Dead PERSEPHONE Queen of the Underworld Maiden of Spring Daughter of Demeter

98. TARTARUS The deeper of the two The prison of the Sons of Earth Two Divisions of Underworld

99. EREBUS It is where the dead pass as soon as they die. The path to it leads to: ACHERON – the River of Woe pours into COCYTUS – the River of Lamentation An aged boatman named CHARON ferries the souls of those upon who gave the passage money. It is the gold coin placed in the eyes of someone when they died and will be duly buried.

100. CERBERUS Guard before the gate of the Underworld The three-headed, dragon-tailed dog Permits all spirits to enter, but none to return

101. The Three Rivers that separate the Underworld from the World above

102. PHLEGETHON The River of Fire STYX The River of Unbreakable Oath by which the gods swear LETHE The River of Forgetfulness Aside from Acheron and Cocytus, there are three other rivers .that separate the Underworld from the World above

103. ERINYES Roman Name: (The Furies) They punished the evil doer They were usually represented by: TISIPHONE MEGAERA ALECTO

104. ERINYES (THE FURIES) The three Goddesses of Vengeance TISIPHONE – (avenger of murder) MEGAERA – (the jealous) ALECTO – (constant anger) They were called the Daughters of the Night, but were actually the daughters of Uranus and Gaea.

105. Without mercy, the Erinyes or the Furies would punish all crime including the breaking of rules considering all aspects of society. They would strike the offenders with madness and never stopped following criminals. The worst of all crimes were patricide or matricide, and first and foremost, the Erinyes or the Furies would punish this kind of crime.

106. SLEEP and DEATH – are brothers They dwelt in the lower world DREAMS too ascended from there to men. They passed through two gates: One of the Horn – which true dreams went One of the Ivory – False dreams went

107. SATYRS PAN The Chief Son of Hermes A noisy, merry God He was part animal, with a goat’s horns and goat’s hoofs instead of feet. All wild places were his home. Sounds heard in the wilderness at night by the trembling traveler were supposed to make him, so that it is easy to see how expression “panic” fear arose.

108. Gods and Goddesses of the Woodlands OREADS – nymphs of the mountains DRYADS –(HAMADRYADS) nymphs of trees, whose life was bound up with that of her tree.

109. GODS OF THE WIND AEOLUS – the King of the Winds Four Chief Winds: BOREAS – (AQUILO) - the North Wind ZEPHYR – (FAVONIUS) – the West Wind NOTUS – (AUSTER) – the South Wind EURUS – (EURUS) – the East Wind

110. CENTAURS They were half man, half horse The most part, they were savage creatures, more like beast than men. CHIRON – was known everywhere for his good -ness and his wisdom.

111. THE GORGONS Earth-dwellers They were three – two were immortals They were dragon like creatures whose look turns men to stone PHORCYS (son of the Sea and Earth) was their father and Ceto their mother.

112. There are three Gorgon Sisters: STHENO – (the Mighty / Strength) EURYALE – (the Far Springer / Wide-Leaping) MEDUSA – (the Queen / Ruler) The Gorgons are portrayed as winged female creatures; their hair consisted of snakes; and they were round-faced, flat-nosed, with tongues lolling out and with large projecting teeth. Medusa – who in later art is depicted as beautiful although deadly – was the only one of the three who was mortal; hence, Perseus was able to kill her by cutting off her head.

113. From her blood that ran from her neck sprang Pegasus Medusa’s severed head had the power of turning all who looked upon it into stone. They live in the west near the setting sun Athena later placed an image of Medusa’s head on her armor because she helped Perseus to kill Medusa.

114. THE GRAIAE They were three sisters Three gray women who had but one eye between them They lived on the farther bank of Ocean.

115. The GRAEA (“the gray ones”) are the sisters of the Gorgons. ENYO PEMPHREDO DEINO They shared one eye and one tooth. They take turns in using them. The GRAEA guarded the route that led to their sisters, the GORGONS. Perseus, however, stole their eye and tooth, forcing them to help in his quest to find and kill Medusa.

116. They lived on an island in the Sea They had enchanting voices and their singing lured sailors to their death It was not known what they look like, for no one who saw them have returned. THE SIRENS

117. THE SIRENS

118. FATES Greeks: MOIRAE Latin: PARCAE

119. The FATES They are very important but assigned to no abode whether in heaven or on earth. The Fates have power to determine a person’s destiny. They assign a man to good or evil. Their most obvious choice is choosing how long a man lives. Each sister represented the past, present and future.

120. THERE ARE THREE FATES: CLOTHO the Spinner She represents the present. Her role is to spin the thread of life onto her spindle. She had the power to choose when someone would be born.

121. LACHESIS the Measurer or the Disposer of Lots She represents the Past. Her role is to measure the thread of life and determine the length of one’s life. She also helped the dead choose their next lives. ATROPOS She represented the Future Her role was to choose when and how one’s life would end by cutting the thread of life with abhorred scissors

122. Writers of Mythology HOMER VIRGIL OVID HESIOD AESCHYLUS APULEIUS APOLLONIUS of Rhodes and Theocritus

123. THANK YOU Prepared by: Ms. Requiz