Green CHEM. Locating Industrial Plants.ppt

Green CHEM. Locating Industrial Plants.ppt

1. Specific Objetives:
1.1. To discuss the factors which influence
the location of an industrial plant
1.2. To discuss general safety requirements
for industry

2. What is an industrial plant?
Industrial
plants are
buildings for
carrying on
industrial labor.

3. Factors influencing location of an
industrial plant
Power( Source of Energy)
Water source
Distance from Raw
Materials
Distance from market
Enough land space
Transport
Capital

4. Power and Water Source
Adequate energy must be in existence in order
to properly conduct industrial plants. This
energy can be supplied by the power of rivers
(hydroelectricity) or by a generators or
companies that supply energy and electricity.
 A properly water source must be present.
Water is most times used as coolants for
major industrial plants such as nuclear plants
when they over heat. Water sources include
reservoirs, dams or rivers.

5. Distance from Raw Materials
and Market
The distance from the raw material is dependent
on whether or not the material is heavy or light
after the manufacturing process so it can be
easily be transported to the major markets.
 If the product is relatively cheap (low value, but
bulky) and transport cost will increase the cost
substantially, e.g. cement-making.

6. LAND SPACE
On a local scale, conflict of interest (the problem
of noise, dirt, smoke, offensive smell, danger and
traffic congestion) between industrial land use
and other e.g. residential, educational,
recreational.
The increasing scale of manufacturing factory
demands for a more spacious site. A lot of
industries take a sub-urbanized location, while
smaller labour-intensive industry is in
residential buildings or flatted-factory
building.

7. TRANSPORT
Most modern industries find it necessary to
bring in raw materials from a large number of
sources, and to distribute their finished
products to a large number of markets.
Usually industries prefer locations with good
transport infrastructure (e.g. road, railways,
harbors and airports)

8. CAPITAL
Fixed capital – land, construction of factory
building, machinery for processing and social capital
(social services) of the area, including public
housing, school, hospital. It also include physical
infrastructure (e.g. road, railways). Fixed capital is
much more immobile, difficult and costly to move.
This is the reason for geographical inertia.
Working capital - It is needed to finance the
costly factory system, to pay wages, purchase
stock of material, component parts, finished
product not yet sold and money (money capital)

9. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR AN
INDUSTRY
Environmental and Safety services  
 Ground- and surface water monitoring 
Waste water treatment 
License-to-operate 
Gas emissions (NOx etc.) 
Soil remediation 
Waste Immobilization 
Chemical exposure analysis
CHEMISTRY FOR CAPE. PAGES 413 - 414
PAGE 415. QUESTIONS 1 - 3 

10. SAFETY CONCERNS ASSOCIATE WITH
THE LOCATING OF AN AMMONIA PLANT
High pressure process – possibility of explosions
Measures:
Materials used in construction should be able to
withstand high pressures.
Workers should be fully aware of evacuation procedures.
Systematic safety drills should be practised.
• Product spill in transportation is likely.
Measures:
Clean up measures should be developed.
Should partner with public services in evacuation
exercises.

11. 2012.6