green revolution causes effect and solutions.ppt

"Create a presentation on the Green Revolution and mechanization in relation to Pakistan's agriculture. Cover the historical impact of the Green Revolution in Pakistan, the role of mechanization, technological advancements, challenges, and future prospects. Include key statistics, policy impacts, and case studies of successful agricultural transformations in Pakistan."

2. •GREEN REVOLUTION
• 
Green Revolution was based on the idea of agricultural revolution. Green
revolution infect started with the introduction of high yielding variety
(HYV) of wheat by Dr. Borlaug in 1950. Dr. Borlaug was of the view that
man should not entirely depend upon Nature for the production of
agricultural goods. Man himself should make efforts to increase
agricultural output by God. The technological innovations and then
leave the result in the hands of God. The technological and pesticides in
evolving seeds of agricultural output which is known as Green
Revolution. Green Revolution thus is the breakthrough or remarkable
increase in the quantity and quality of agricultural output through the
institutional and technological reforms

3. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR GREEN
REVOLUTION.
•There are several factors which are
responsible for break through in agricultural
production. These factors mutually support
each other in ushering the green revolution.
The package of factors in brief are as
follows.

4. MIRACLE SEEDS.
•The primary factor which brought agricultural
revolution is the introduction of high yielding variety,
(HYV) seeds. The use of new variety of seeds has very
much increased the agricultural yields per hectare. For
example, in Pakistan, the yield of wheat was 1189 Kg
per hectare in 1971- 72 and has increased to 2769 kg
per hectare in 2006-07. Similarly, the yield of price
which was 1554 kg per hectare in 1971-72 which has
gone up to 2107 Kg per hectare in 2006-07

5. continue
•2) Agricultural research. The agricultural research
on higher yielding plant varieties, better methods
of controlling insects and deceases have resulted
in higher production output.
•(3) Fertilizer. The increased use of chemical
fertilizer played a key role in raising the
agricultural production.

6. Continue
•(4) Multiple cropping. Due to new seeds maturing early, it was
possible to get three or even four crops instead of one or two from
the same piece of land in a year
•(5) Modern machinery. The farmers gradually replaced the bullocks
cultivation by the modern machinery like tractors, thrashers
harvesters, tube wells etc. The time saving use of modern machinery
in agricultural sector made it possible to sow, grow and harvest crops
in the shortest possible period of time

7. •(6) Support prices. The new or improved technology increases
agricultural production and reduces the cost per unit of output. In
order to sustain agricultural progress and keep the prices of
agricultural products profitable to the farmers, the government offered
a support prices to the growers so that agriculture creates potential for
higher real income to the producers.
•(7) Processing, storage and marketing facilities. The processing, storage
and marketing facilities were greatly improved. The increased
agricultural production is put to profitable use. The provision of these
facilities brings facility in the prices of agricultural goods and ensures
reasonable return to the growers.

8. •8)Credit facilities. Availability of institutional
agricultural credit on time to the farming community
enables it to carry out the agricultural operations
efficiently.
•(9) Institutional changes. Green revolution is carried
out more effectively and efficiently by institutional
changes like land reforms, flow of market information
etc. These are also adopted along with bio chemical
technology.

9. IMPACT OF GREEN REVOLUTION
• The main effect of green revolution on the economy of a country are
as under.
•(1) Increase in production. The use of higher
yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilizer, pest
and insecticides, improved irrigation, facilities
etc has remarkably increased the production of
wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize etc in all
the countries of the world including Pakistan.

10. •(2) Reducing regional imbalances. The agricultural
scientists are developing new technology which
should suit the different regions of the country.
New improved variety of seeds has been
developed which suits the barani farming areas
also. The introduction of modern technology in
agriculture has greatly helped in reducing
interregional and intraregional disparities.

11. •(3) Unbalanced cropping pattern. The
green revolution in its coverage of crops
is partial and lopsided. In Pakistan the
production of wheat, rice, cotton has
remarkably increased due to the
adoption of new technology. While the
production of pulses declined

12. •(4) Social imbalances. In its first phase the green
revolution favored the largeland owners. The rich
farmers were able to use the package of new
technology. They therefore earned handsome profits
from the increased output. In the second phase, the
tenants were also used the new technology. But the
difference in income of the large landowners and the
small land owners is, however, significant and socio
economic gap widened as the time passes

13. •(5) Impact on employment. Agriculture still is the
largest source of employment (68% of the total labour
force) in rural areas. The rural labour force is mainly self
employed and unpaid family helpers still dominate the
employment scene. During the sowing harvesting
seasons, the labour force is nearly absorbed.
Sometimes there is also shortage of labour in peak
periods of agricultural operations. The use of intensive
farming methods associated with new technology has
increased the overall employment

14. •(6) Increase in investment. The farmers
benefiting from the new technology are
investing more and more of their increased
income for the improvement of land.
Purchase of machinery, pesticides and other
inputs. In other words the farmers were
plugging back a major portion of their
income on farm improvements.

15. •(7) Economic stability. The new farm technology
has helped in increasing export of agricultural
goods, absorption of rural labour in the
manufacturing sector. The rise in net income
from the sector has given stimulus to industrial
growth and to some extant helped in promoting
economic stability in the country

16. Drawbacks of Green revolution
• Loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers.
• Continuous use of groundwater for tube well irrigation has reduced
the water level below the ground.
• The chemical fertilizers, easily soluble in water, can dissolve in the
groundwater and pollute it.
•Only rich farmers can afford the net technology and HYV Seeds
•Pakistan was not able to create the regulatory systems necessary to
monitor the usage of genetically modified crops along with the fact
they were unable to create them.
•Lack of further research in producing high yielding variety Seeds