Green Revolution in india 1960sNotes.ppt

This is very useful

1. THE GREEN REVOLUTIONTHE GREEN REVOLUTION
§(The Third (The Third
Agricultural Agricultural
Revolution)Revolution)
§And BiotechnologyAnd Biotechnology

2. THOMAS MALTHUSTHOMAS MALTHUS
§1919
thth
century economist century economist
§Believed that because population grows Believed that because population grows
geometrically and food production geometrically and food production
arithmetically famine was inevitable.arithmetically famine was inevitable.
§Slowing the growth of population was the only Slowing the growth of population was the only
possibility to prevent starvationpossibility to prevent starvation
History (so far) has proven Malthus wrong . . .

4. POPULATION and FOOD PRODUCTION GROWTH
Percentage increases 1980-1990
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
PER CAPITA INCREASE IN
FOOD PRODUCTION
FOOD PRODUCTION
POPULATION
LDCsMDCs

5. INCREASE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION PER CAPITA

6. GREEN REVOLUTIONGREEN REVOLUTION
§Adoption of new, Adoption of new,
improved varieties of improved varieties of
grainsgrains
§Application of better Application of better
agricultural agricultural
techniquestechniques
§IrrigationIrrigation
§MechanizationMechanization
§Use of fertilizerUse of fertilizer
§Use of pesticidesUse of pesticides
§Since 1950’sSince 1950’s
§Greatest effect felt in Greatest effect felt in
LDCsLDCs
§Agricultural output Agricultural output
outpaced population outpaced population
growth even without growth even without
adding additional adding additional
croplandcropland
A complex of improvements which greatly
increased agricultural production

7. §WHEATWHEAT
MexicoMexico
EgyptEgypt
TurkeyTurkey
§RICERICE
ThailandThailand
VietnamVietnam
KoreaKorea
IndonesiaIndonesia
Principal Beneficiaries of the Green Revolution
§BOTHBOTH
IndiaIndia
ChinaChina
PakistanPakistan

8. ““Green Revolution”Green Revolution”

9. ““Green Revolution”Green Revolution”
drawbacksdrawbacks
§Favored farmers who could afford seeds, Favored farmers who could afford seeds,
inputs, machines, irrigationinputs, machines, irrigation
§Indebted farmers lost land, moved to citiesIndebted farmers lost land, moved to cities
§New “monocrops” lacked resistance to New “monocrops” lacked resistance to
disease/pestsdisease/pests
§Environmental contamination, erosionEnvironmental contamination, erosion
§Oriented to export “cash crops,” not domestic Oriented to export “cash crops,” not domestic
foodfood

10. Biotechnology: Biotechnology:
Using organisms to…Using organisms to…
§Make or modify productsMake or modify products
§Improve plants or animals Improve plants or animals
§Develop new microorganismsDevelop new microorganisms
§Crossing natural divides between speciesCrossing natural divides between species
§Not just crossbreedingNot just crossbreeding

11. Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering

12. Genetically Modified Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMO)Organisms (GMO)
Consumer concerns
began in Europe,
now in U.S. too

13. ““FRANKENFOODS”FRANKENFOODS”

14. GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS - WORLDWIDE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

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n
s

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f

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e
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15. GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS - 2000
Others, 9%
Argentina, 23%
USA, 68%

17. Bovine GrowthBovine Growth
Hormone (BGH)Hormone (BGH)