Green Revolution in pakistan 1960 .pptx

he Green Revolution refers to the development of high-yielding plant varieties – especially of wheat and rice, that increased food supplies in the 1940s–60s and staved off widespread starvation in developing countries.

1. Green Revolution in Pakistan Lecture By Faisal Akhlaq

2. Green Revolution The Green Revolution refers to a transformative 20th-century agricultural project that utilized plant genetics, modern irrigation systems, and chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase food production and reduce poverty and hunger in developing countries Agricultural innovation

3. Green revolution is significantly increase in agriculture productivity resulting from introduction of high yield varieties of grains, use of pesticides and use of better management techniques in agriculture

4. History In the 1940s, an Iowa-born agronomist named Norman Borlaug began working with Mexican scientists on a more  disease resistant high yield wheat Between 1940 and the mid-1960s, Mexico achieved agricultural self sufficiency  Between the 1970s and 1990s, rice and wheat yields in Asia increased 50%. The poverty rate halved and nutrition improved even as the population more than doubled In 1970, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel peace prize    for his work to decrease food insecurity & poverty

5. The purpose of the Green Revolution Benefit the environment and economy by increasing the rate at which farmers could harvest crops, especially in developing countries. Increase crops yield production by using new techniques

6. Factors Responsible in Green Revolution Several important factors which break through in green revolution Miracle seeds: primary factor of green revolution like high yield variety seeds For example , in Pakistan, the yield of wheat was 1189 Kg per hectare in 1971-72 and has increased to 2769 kg per hectare in 2006-07.

7. (2) Agricultural research.  The agricultural research on higher yielding plant varieties, better methods of controlling insects and deceases have resulted in higher production output. (3) Fertilizer . The increased use of chemical fertilizer is now playing a key role in raising the agricultural production. (4) Multiple cropping.  Due to new seeds maturing early, it has now become possible to get three or even four crops instead of one or two from the same piece of land in a year

8. (5) Modern machinery.  The farmers are gradually replacing the bullocks cultivation by the modern machinery like tractors, thrashers harvesters, tube wells etc. The time saving use of modern machinery in agricultural sector has made it possible to sow, grow and harvest crops in the shortest possible period of time (6) Support prices . The new or improved technology increases agricultural production and reduces the cost per unit of output. In order to sustain agricultural progress and keep the prices of agricultural products profitable to the farmers (7) Processing, storage and marketing facilities.  The processing, storage and marketing facilities have been now greatly improved and extended in almost all the countries of the world

9. Advantages of Green Revolution Leads to high productivity of crops Increase rural employment Development of industries Import of food grains Decease poverty Economic growth reduced production costs Multiple cropping led to the removal of hunger and famine

10. Increase in production.  The use of higher yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilizer, pest and insecticides, improved irrigation, facilities etc has remarkably increased the production of wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize etc in all the countries of the world including Pakistan . Impact on employment.  Agriculture still is the largest source of employment (48% of the total labour force) in rural areas. The rural labour force is mainly self employed and unpaid family helpers still dominate the employment scene. During the sowing harvesting seasons, the labour force is nearly absorbed. Sometimes there is also shortage of labour in peak periods of agricultural operations. The use of intensive farming methods associated with new technology has increased the overall employment

11. Increase in investment.  The farmers benefiting from the new technology are investing more and more of their increased income for the improvement of land. Purchase of machinery, pesticides and other inputs. We can say that the farmers are plugging back a major portion of their income on farm improvements.

12. Green Revolution in Pakistan First, the start of the Green Revolution in Pakistan was in 1960.  Pakistan adopted the technique of using HYV varieties of grain in the 1960's. These new types of grain were more responsive to fertilizer and thus would be able to grow in harsh environments as long as there was a source of fertilizer From 1949 to 1958 annual growth was merely 1.43% less than half of the annual growth of population Between 1959 to 1964 agriculture grew at overall rate 3.7%

13. Between 1965 to 1970 it was a peak time of green revolution In 1965 to 1970 the growth rate of agriculture was greater than 6.3% In 1967 to 1968 agriculture output grew upto 11.7 % and in 1969 to 1970 rate was 9.6%

14. Phases of green Revolution in Pakistan First phase In first phase between 1960 to 1965 the main cause of high yield was increase in irrigation facilities and tube wells. Second phase In this phase between 1965 to 1970 shows impressive growth when irrigation facilities were increased In this phase high yield quality seeds. pesticides, and chemical fertilizers were used to increase the productio n