Grey water management m.srinivas and sk nazeer basha.pptx

Grey water management - Different methods to kitchen garden, soak puts, community plantation, community leach pits

1. STATE LEVEL TRAINING COURSE –RWS&S Officials M. Srinivas. Rtd.SE RWS&S and SHAIK NAZEER BASHA. Rtd DEE RWS&S Grey Water Treatment – Low cost solutions for a Model Village

2. Present situation …in the villages…!!

3. GREY WATER IS ONLY A PART OF USED WATER Liquid Waste / Used Water Greywater Black Water Yellow Water Commercial U sed Water Used Water from Kitchen, bathroom, cloth wash, Vessel wash Used Water from toilets / c o n t a m i n a t e d with faecal matter Human Urine Used Water from Dhabas / restaurants Hospitals Laundries Slaughter houses Small scale industries

4. The problem ?? Manifold increase in access to water at household level. Limited infrastructure to manage discharged water. P oor management of used water leads to… Unpleasant & dirty surroundings Mosquitoes / Vector breeding : Spread of diseases Pollution of water bodies

5. For better public health For better environment Circular economy Why to treat Greywater ?

6. Fresh Water 100 Lit 35,750 lit per day How much Grey water (Sullage) is generated ? 1000 x 55 lit = 55000 lit per day Grey W at e r 65 lit (65%) Village with 1000 population Grey water estimation: Population*W-LPCD*0.65

7. Solutions and Strategies…..to address the problem !! 4Rs-Reduce, Recycle & Reuse and Recharge

8. Grey water generation across states * Less than 2% used water/waste water is recycled and reused in rural India…..!!

9. GREYWATER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES HOUSEHOLD INTERVENTIONS : Soak Pit Leach Pit Magic Pit Kitchen garden . COMMUNITY INTERVENTIONS : Community Leach Pit Waste Stabilization Pond CC drains Underground drains.

10. Criteria for selection of Technology Availability of space near houses & housing pattern Geo-Hydrological condition of the village including topography, soil structure & ground water conditions Sources of water & pattern of water supply (individual / public) Availability of common spaces in & around the village Economic status of the GP & human resource available with the GP

11. Selection of right technology Strict adherence to technological standards Involvement of community from level zero Effective O & M Concurrent Quality monitoring & handholding support Greywater Management : How do we go ?

12. Technology Algorithm for Grey water management Kitchen Garden Soak Pit / Leach Pit Community plantation Community Leach Pit Centralized systems

13. Decision matrix for Greywater Management *Assumption= Greywater at HH level is free of solid waste and Faecal contamination

14. Characteristics of Used water * Values mentioned above are from wide range of literatures. Therefore it is recommended to test the samples before selection and design of treatment plant ** Sewage is the wastewater flowing in the sewers. The major sources are residential, commercial establishments

15. Discharge standards by NGT/D.O.Q-12011/9/2023-CPHEEO,18.12.2023 Details Parameters Standards( applicable to all mode of disposal Remarks Sewage treatment Plants(STPs) pH 5.5-9.0 BOD-mg/l 10 TSS-mg/l 10 COD-mg/l 50 Total N-mg/l 10 Total P for discharge into ponds, lakes, water bodies, mg/l 1.0 Faecal coliform(FC)/MPN/100 ml Desirable -100, permissible-230 Inlet and outlet parameters to be tested for efficacy of Treatment

16. Kitchen Garden / Nutri-Garden Merits Saving on fresh water Linkage with Family nutrition & food safety Green cover = Mitigating climate change   Limitations Availability of space around house Willingness to utilize waste water & gardening

17. Soak Pits at HH level Soak Pit (Source: CDD Society) Magic Pit (Source: SBM-G Phase II guidelines & works under MGNREGS) Most workable solutions in places where water table is low – very low and soil type conducive to soaking No operations required except ensuring that only liquid soaks into the pit and all solids/oils/grease is removed before hand Needs to be located at a safe distance from water supply source to avoid any contamination

18. Magic soak pit A magic soak pit is a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground Magic Soak pits constructed at individual household level are of the dimension 1.2m X 1.2m X 1.8 m depth and those constructed at the community level are of the dimension of 2m X 2m X 2m. Cement tubs are used inside on the top of which holes are made to ensure that excess water drains through the filter placed. Solid particles settle at the bottom of the tub, which are removed periodically

19. Household/ Community level intervention Community level greywater treatment Planning and implementation can be done at household or community level depending on space availability In case of community level intervention, a simplified sewer/drainage system required to convey the greywater till the soaking system

20. Soak / Infiltration trench Soak / Infiltration trench (Source: CDD Society) Alternatives to soak pits in places with space constraints and low water table and permeable soils No operations required except ensuring that only liquid soaks into the trench and all solids/oils/grease is removed before hand Needs to be located at a safe distance from water supply source to avoid any contamination

21. SOAKAGE CHANNEL-MAGIC DRAIN Soak Pit is a low-cost structure but do not manage the stormwater , where as CC drain can manage the stormwater but expensive. What is “A SOAKAGE CHANNEL”? It is a channel which manages the greywater keeps the surroundings clean and healthy and enable percolation. It is a low-cost structure and manage stormwater as well, and hence the best alternate for Greywater Management. Why is it “A MAGIC DRAIN”? Magic drain is a combination of “soakage channel” and “soak pit” @ regular intervals. The “Magic Drain” not only manage the greywater and keeps surroundings clean, healthy but also improves the groundwater table.

22. Case: I (Space between compound wall and road is less than 0.60 Mts Magic Drain shall be excavated from road edge

23. Case: II(The space between compound wall and road is more than 0.60 Mts) Magic drain shall be excavated from the compound wall edge

24. MAGIC DRAIN-CROSS SECTION:

25. MAGIC DRAIN 28 How :- There layers of filter media, 1 st layer – 75 mm to 100 mm OTG metal/stones 30 cm depth. 2 nd layer – 40 mm to 65 mm HBG metal 20 cm depth. Filling of 75 to 100 MM HBG Metal Filling of 40 to 65 MM HBG Metal

26. MAGIC DRAIN 29 How :- 3 rd layer (Top layer) – 12 mm to 20 mm HBG metal 10 cm thick. Soak Pit (Bottom 2 layers): 225 mm rough stone: 0.30 m depth 150 mm rough stone: 0.30 m to 0.50 m depth Filling of 12 to 20 MM HBG Metal Placing of Side walls

27. 30 MAGIC DRAIN Filling of 75 to 100 MM HBG Metal Filling of 40 to 65 MM HBG Metal Filling of 12 to 20 MM HBG Metal Filling of 225MM OTG Metal in Soak pit

28. A perforated cement jolly has to be erected across the drain at the end point or at the point where the drain meets CC drain.

29. Don’ts Magic Drain shall not be taken up where drinking water pipeline, electrical pipeline are existing along the road. Magic Drain shall not be taken up along the roads with high greywater discharges and storm water discharges. Blackwater (Wastewater from toilets) shall not be allowed into the Magic Drain. Excavated soil, debris shall not be thrown into the Magic Drain.

30. MAGIC DRAIN- Benefits: 33 Effectively disposes Grey Water. Prevents Stagnation of Water thus no space to Mosquitoes for breeding and hence reduced diseases. Free from foul smells and muddy areas. Acts as recharge structure since waste water percolates through the filter media into the ground. Most cost-effective structure when compared to the Cement Concrete drains. Magical Solution for Rural India.

31. Maintenance of the Magic Drain: The Panchayat Secretary shall be made responsible for the maintenance of the Drain. Excavated soil, debris shall not be thrown into the Magic Drain. The debris like leaves, plastic bottles, other waste material shall be periodically cleaned at-least once in a week by the Panchayat workers. The top layer filter media shall be racked at-least once in a month. If the efficiency of the Magic drain will be reduced due to siltation, in such case filter media shall be removed layer by layer from the soak pit and drain. Silt deposited shall be removed from the soak pit and drain. The filter media shall be washed and dried. The filter media shall be re-laid layer by layer duly following the grading. Then the Magic drain will be ready for greywater treatment.

32. Waste Stabilization Ponds This system contains a series of ponds constructed in sequence and combines anaerobic and aerobic treatments Anaerobic ponds: Depth: 2-5 m, retention time: 1-7 days Facultative ponds: Depth: 1-2.5 m, retention time: 5-30 days Aerobic : depth: 0.5 -1.5 m : Fishes and algae can be grown to reduce phosphorous and nitrogen Anaerobic for stabilization and aerobic for pathogen removal Requires pre-screening and lining of all ponds Requires large areas and post treatment of sludge hence suitable for areas where ample space is available

33. Constructed Wetlands-different options Constructed wetlands Free floating plants Emergent plants Submerged plants Any combination of the above systems is “Hybrid”

34. Local plants used in India b) c) a) d) Papyrus Canna Indica Reeds Colocasia Pilot in Seemunapalli, Chodavaram using Canna Indica and Colocasis,2021

35. Canous Plant

36. Constructed Wetlands-Different types Source: Types of constructed wetland (Garcia et al., 2006; Vymazal, 2001, 2010)

37. Phytorid Systems Schematic of Phytorid system (NEERI. Phytorid Wastewater Treatment) CSIR-NEERI’s technology- involves a constructed wetland exclusively designed for the treatment of wastewater The system consists of the following three zones: Inlet zone comprising of crushed bricks and different sizes of stones Treatment zone consisting of the same media as in inlet zone with plant species outlet zone This treatment system is suitable for places with sufficient space and human resource availability for continuous Operation & Maintenance

38. The technology relies on soil ecology and microorganisms / organisms to break down the organic load in sewage, and specifically designed media to filter and treat the wastewater. Applications: For wastewaters of varying types – low or high strength sewage, separate grey water / black water treatment, treatment of septic tank effluent Suitable for populations ranging from 100 upwards Can be used in varying flow conditions. Can adapt to low flow Can be designed as decentralized treatment, multiple small reactors avoiding extensive laying of pipes. Suitable for areas where large space is available Soil Biotechnology

39. Soil Bio Technology ( SBT) Process flow Water quality Soil Liquid Processing Pheretima Elongata White Worms Vermicomposting: Solids Processing Eisenia Fetida Red Worms

40. SBT @ Selvelpur and Laxmipuram https:// drive.google.com/file/d/1t9_lnMsv_hLho61aRpvRKS-j40qV_V8Z/view?usp=drive_link

41. Approach to planning Greywater management 45

42. Guidance to decision making Sl. No. Particulars Large space required Low groundwater table (>10mbgl#) High groundwater table (<10mbgl) Low Construction Cost High construction cost Low O&M Cost High O & M Cost Easy O&M Availability of Skilled labour Good treatment efficiency 1. Kitchen Garden √ √ √ √ √ 2. Soak pits/ trenches √ √ √ √ 3. Waste Stabilization Ponds √ √ √ √ √ 4. Constructed wetlands with pre-treatment √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 5. DEWATS √ √ √ √ √ √ 6. Phytorid √ √ √ √ √ √ 7. Soil Bio Technology √ √ √ √ √ # mbgl- meters below ground level

43. Role of Engineers Selection of suitable technology based on: Degree of Contamination Land availability Population size Budget Long-term sustainability Monitoring and technical guidance Training to GP

44. THANK YOU