group 08 project 02-2.pptx nano bitumen.

Nano modified bitumen

1. ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NANO MATERIALS ON BITUMEN PERFORMANCE: EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND SIMULATION Pre-Project Presented by Sheikh Waseem Hilal 20214145053 Mir Naveed 20214145044 Shahid Shafi 20214145007 Under the Supervision of Dr. TOWSEEF AHMED GILANI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ZAKURA CAMPUS, UNIVERSITY OF KASHMIR

2. Introduction : Bitumen is commonly used in road construction. Modifying bitumen with nanoparticles can enhance its properties, like improving resistance to deformation and extending the lifespan of roads. Importance of evaluation: Experimental setups can be costly and inaccessible. Simulations like those run in ABAQUS offer a viable alternative for researchers, enabling them to predict behavior without physical testing.

3. Failures in Bitumen : Cracking: Cracking is one of the most common types of pavement failure. The nature of the crack itself is fast spreading. Rutting: Rutting is a surface depression in the wheel path. Pavement uplift usually happens along sides of a rut. Potholes: Potholes are another common issue, often resulting from the expansion and contraction of water that has entered the ground under the pavement. Fatigue Failure: Fatigue failure in asphalt pavements refers to the process that includes three stages: fatigue cracking, crack expansion, and structural failure. Fig A . Rutting

4. Relevance of Nanomaterials use in Bitumen: Improved durability and resistance. Enhancing Bitumen Properties: Lower maintenance costs and fewer repairs . Economic Benefits Energy savings and reduced emissions Environmental Impact: . Innovation in Road Construction: Importance and Relevance Cutting-edge approach for sustainable infrastructure

5. Problem Statement: Challenge : Experimental facilities for testing Nano-modified bitumen are not always accessible due to cost, equipment availability, and time constraints. Solution Need : Reliable simulation tools, like ABAQUS, need to be validated to ensure that they can be used in place of experimental results for those who lack access.

6. Objectives: Primary Objective : To validate the results obtained from nano -modified bitumen experiments using the ABAQUS simulation software. Secondary Objective : To provide a simulation model that can be used by researchers who do not have access to experimental testing equipment.

7. S.No. Title Findings Author & Year 1). Evaluating the Rheological Performance of Bituminous Binder Containing Nano Al₂O₃ . It is evident that the introduction of nano Al 2 O 3 increased the viscosity of the control binder With an upsurge in the concentration of nano Al 2 O 3, the viscosity increased within the entire temperature range Nano Al 2 O 3 improves rutting resistance by increasing the stiffness and increasing recovery Faheem Sadiq Bhat and M..S. Mir (2021) [1] 2). Investigating the Influence of Warm-Mix Asphalt Additives on Rutting and Fatigue Performance of Nano-Modified Asphalt Binders. The addition of WMA additives (particularly S- additives)decreased the penetration and ductility of nano Al 2 O 3 modified asphalt binders This reduction can be attributed to the higher stiffness of modified asphalt binders The softening point showed an increase, thus enhancing the temperature susceptibility of the asphalt binder Faheem Sadiq Bhat and Mohammad Shafi Mir (2022) [2] LITERATURE REVIEW 7

8. S.No. Title Findings Author & Year 3). Investigating the effects of nano Al₂O₃ high and intermediate temperature performance properties of asphalt binder . The addition of nano Al 2 O 3 was found to enhance the elastic recovery of the asphalt binders and increased the stiffness of the asphalt binders. Superpave fatigue parameter results indicated that with the addition of nano Al 2 O 3 the fatigue performance of the asphalt binder decreased Faheem Sadiq Bhat and M..S. Mir (2022) [3] 4). Investigating the effects of nano Al₂O₃ high and intermediate temperature performance properties of asphalt binder . Time sweep tests showed an improvement in the fatigue life of the asphalt binder after the incorporation of nano Al 2 O 3 particles Faheem Sadiq Bhat and Mohammad Shafi Mir (2022) [3] LITERATURE REVIEW 8

9. S.No. Title Findings Author & Year 5 ). Advances in Simulation Techniques for Civil Engineering Simulation has become a critical tool in civil engineering for analysing and predicting the behavior of structures and materials under various conditions. Chen & Zhang, 2018 [4] 6 ). Improving Simulation Accuracy through Validation. Journal of Civil Engineering Research A validated model helps in understanding the limitations and capabilities of the simulation tool, thereby improving the design and analysis processes. Fleming, 2018 [5] LITERATURE REVIEW 9

10. S.No. Title Findings Author & Year 7 ). Real-Time Data Integration in Simulation Validation. Structural Control Health Monitoring The integration of real-time data and adaptive simulation techniques has enhanced the accuracy and reliability of validation processes. Kim et al., 2023 [6] 8 ). Recent Trends in Simulation Validation for Civil Engineering Applications. Advances in Civil Engineering Ongoing research is focused on developing more robust validation methods and improving the integration of simulation results with experimental data. Wang & Zhao, 2024 [7] LITERATURE REVIEW 10

11. PROJECT PROGRESS

12. ABAQUS Overview:  The FE software package ABAQUS version 2024 was employed in the simulation . ABAQUS is one such software, known for its versatility and high level of accuracy, and can tackle a wide range of engineering problems, particularly vital for pavement analysis.  ABAQUS was chosen as it has the capability to handle the material and geometric non-linearities of a three-dimensional model with reasonable accuracy.

13. Finite Element Modelling: Geometry The pavement structure considered in the present studies consists of multiple layers of different materials, namely, surface, base, sub base, and subgrade layers. The size of each element in the model was fixed based on the convergent studies. The present study adopts a length of 640 mm, a width of 275 mm, and a thickness or height of 430 mm. Figure 01 : 3-D Model.

14. Finite Element Meshing: Meshing is the process of dividing the geometry of a model into small, finite elements that ABAQUS can solve . Size of mesh used: 50 x 50 and 10 x10. Figure 02: Meshing .

15. Model boundary conditions: A model boundary is created in ABAQUS, and the boundary conditions have a significant effect on predicting the model responses. As specified by the boundary conditions, the finite element model utilizes the tie-contact to simulate the interactions between the flexible pavement layers Figure 03: Boundary conditions .

16. Materials properties for Input in ABAQUS:

17. Loading conditions: The wheel load applied in the ABAQUS is distributed uniformly over the total contact area and the resulting uniform contact pressure is 0.56 MPa , which is equal to the maximum tyre pressure as recommended by IRC 37-2018.

18. Results Figure 04: Simulation Results . All the relevant data are entered and submitted for analysis. The results obtained by the software for displacement are analysed.

19. Figure 05 : Simulation Results . Results cont. The research facilitated a comprehensive assessment of deformation and stress throughout the pavement layers . The stresses are concentrated near the point of loading and propagated throughout the pavement layer . The maximum value of stress for 10 msa design life was 3.853xE-03 and for 50 msa design life was3.5202xE-03, respectively. This detailed analysis allowed for a thorough understanding of how these factors evolve and interact within the pavement structure , aiding in the prediction of performance.

20. FUTURE WORK: Expand Simulations to Nano-Modified Bitumen. Validate Simulations with Experimental Data. Investigate Long-Term Performance.

21. References Faheem Sadiq Bhat1 and Mohammad Shafi Mir(2021) Evaluating the Rheological Performance of Bituminous Binder Containing Nano Al₂O₃ DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004088 . Faheem Sadiq Bhat and Mohammad Shafi Mir(2022) Investigating the Influence of Warm-Mix Asphalt Additives on Rutting and Fatigue Performance of Nano-Modified Asphalt Binders https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981211064995 . Faheem Sadiq Bhat and Mohammad Shafi Mir(2022) Investigating the effects of nano Al₂O₃ high and intermediate temperature performance properties of asphalt binder https:// doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2020.1778509 Kim, Y. , Park, J. , & Lee, J. (2023). Real-Time Data Integration in Simulation Validation. Structural Control Health Monitoring . Wang , L. , & Zhao, H. (2024). Recent Trends in Simulation Validation for Civil Engineering Applications. Advances in Civil Engineering , 2024. Chen, X. , & Zhang, L. (2018). Advances in Simulation Techniques for Civil Engineering. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Rao, S. (2017). The Finite Element Method in Engineering. Elsevier , 6th Edition . Zhang, H. , Wu, J. , & Li, X. (2020). Model Validation Techniques in Structural Engineering. Computers and Structures

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