Group-1-PresentationPDF.pdf Cardiac Arrest

There is in details about cardiac arrest

1. Cardiac
Arrest

2. Cardiac
Arrest

3. cardiac arrest

4. What is cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is a medical
emergency with absent or inadequate
contraction of the left ventricle of the
heart that immediately causes body
wide circulatory failure.

5. There are mainly five types
of
Cardiac Arrest
Asystole
This is a condition
where there is no
electrical activity in
the heart. It is often
the result of a
prolonged cardiac
arrest or other severe
medical conditions.
Pulseless
Electrical
Activity (PEA)
In PEA, the heart’s
electrical activity
appears normal on an
ECG but the heart
muscle is not
contracting effectively.
Pulseless
Bradycardia
(PB)
Bradycardia is a
condition where the
heart beat rate is
extremely slow and the
heart is not pumping
enough blood to meet
the body’s need.
Pulseless
Ventricular
Tachycardia
(PVT)
In PVT, the heart
beats very rapidly but
the electrical signals
are not coordinated.
This can also prevent
the heart from
pumping blood
effectively.
Ventricular
Fibrillation (VF)
This is the most
common type of
cardiac arrest. In VF,
the heart’s lower
chambers (ventricles)
quiver chaotically
instead of pumping
blood. This disrupts
the normal signals and
prevents the heart
from circulating blood
throughout the body.

6. .
Asystole
This is a condition
where there is no
electrical activity in
the heart. It is often
the result of a
prolonged cardiac
arrest or other severe
medical conditions.
Pulseless
Electrical
Activity (PEA)
In PEA, the heart’s
electrical activity
appears normal on an
ECG but the heart
muscle is not
contracting effectively.
Pulseless
Bradycardia
(PB)
Bradycardia is a
condition where the
heart beat rate is
extremely slow and the
heart is not pumping
enough blood to meet
the body’s need.
Pulseless
Ventricular
Tachycardia
(PVT)
In PVT, the heart
beats very rapidly but
the electrical signals
are not coordinated.
This can also prevent
the heart from
pumping blood
effectively.
Ventricular
Fibrillation (VF)
This is the most
common type of
cardiac arrest. In VF,
the heart’s lower
chambers (ventricles)
quiver chaotically
instead of pumping
blood. This disrupts
the normal signals and
prevents the heart
from circulating blood
throughout the body.

8. Causes of
Cardiac Arrest
Heart-related causes
I.Ventricular Fibrillation: Rapid, chaotic electrical
impulses cause the ventricles to quiver instead
of pumping blood.
II.Ventricular Tachycardia: The ventricles contract
too quickly, impairing blood flow.
III.Acute Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Can
trigger arrhythmias leading to arrest.
IV.Cardiomyopathy:Enlarged or weakened heart
muscle can disrupt electrical signals.
V.Congenital Heart Defects:Particularly in
younger individuals.

9. Causes of
Cardiac Arrest
Non-heart-related Causes
VI.Electrolyte Imbalances:Potassium, calcium, or
magnesium abnormalities.
VII.Severe Hypoxia:Lack of oxygen due to
respiratory failure or choking.
VIII.Sepsis or Severe Infection:Can lead to
systemic collapse.
IX.Trauma:Severe injury or blood loss.
X.Drug Overdose or Toxicity:Narcotics, sedatives,
or stimulants.
XI.Electrical Shock:High-voltage exposure
disrupting heart rhythms.

10. SYMPTOMS

11. Before Cardiac Arrest
†Chest pain or discomfort.
†Palpitation.
†No breathing or agonal
breathing.
†Nausea and vomiting.
†Dizziness or Lightheadedness.
†Sudden fatigue or weakness.
†Sudden collapse or syncope.
†Seizure like activity.

12. PHYSICAL SIGNS

13. During the event
•Unresponsiveness.
•No breathing or agonal
breathing.
•No detectable pulse.
•Sudden loss of consciousness.
•Cyanosis (Bluish skin).
•Dilated pupils.
•Flaccid muscle tone.
•Skin changes.
•Absence of blood pressure.
•Clammy and cool skin.

14. i)Chest compressions
at 100–120 per
minute.
ii)Rescue breaths if
trained and able.
i)Airway management,
intubation, and oxygenation.
ii)Intravenous or intraosseous
administration of drugs like
epinephrine.
iii)Treatment of reversible
causes (e.g., hypothermia,
toxins).
i)Use of an Automated
External Defibrillator
(AED) to restore a
normal heart rhythm.
Defibrillation
Advanced Life
Support (ALS)
CPR
Immediate Action
On
Cardiac Arrest
Immediate
Management

15. i)Chest compressions
at 100–120 per
minute.
ii)Rescue breaths if
trained and able.
i)Airway management,
intubation, and oxygenation.
ii)Intravenous or intraosseous
administration of drugs like
epinephrine.
iii)Treatment of reversible
causes (e.g., hypothermia,
toxins).
i)Use of an Automated
External Defibrillator
(AED) to restore a
normal heart rhythm.
Defibrillation
Advanced Life
Support (ALS)
CPR
Immediate
Management
Immediate Action
On
Cardiac Arrest

16. Post
Resuscitation
care

17. Oxygenation:Ensure the patient has
adequate oxygen delivery, usually between
94–98% SpO2.
Ventilation:Support ventilation if needed, and
adjust it to maintain a normal arterial partial
pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2).
Hemodynamics:Use early echocardiography
to identify cardiac pathology and guide
hemodynamic management.
Airway:Secure an advanced airway if
needed, and protect the lungs from aspirating
stomach contents.
Fluids:Continue fluid resuscitation to optimize
circulation.
Temperature:Use targeted temperature
management (TTM) to lower the patient's body
temperature and reduce neurological injury.

19. Implantable
Devices
Management
of
Heart Disease
Lifestyle
Modification
Medications
Regular
Checkups
•Treat hypertension,
high cholesterol,
and diabetes.
•Quit smoking.
•Exercise regularly.
•Maintain a healthy
diet.
•Use prescribed
medications like
beta-blockers or
antiarrhythmics as
directed.
•Implantable
Cardioverter-
Defibrillator
(ICD)for high-risk
patients.
•Pacemakerfor certain
bradycardias or
conduction disorders
•For those with
known cardiac
conditions

21. Physically
i.A palpable pulse.
ii.Detectable breathing.
iii.Consciousness.
iv.Dilated pupils.
Clinically
i.Electrocardiogram (ECG):To confirm
arrhythmias.
ii.Blood tests:To check for causes like
electrolyte imbalances or myocardial
infarction.
iii.Imaging: Use chest X-rays or
echocardiography if needed to evaluate
structural or functional issues.
Diagnosis

22. Distinctionof Cardiac Arrest

23. Distinction of Cardiac Arrest
Distinctionof Cardiac Arrest

24. Cardiac Arrest
It’s basically an electrical
malfunction. Whenrapid,
abnormal impulses override
heart’s natural rhythm and
suddenly stop beating.

25. Heart Attack
It’s a pumping issue. Blood flow
to the heart is blocked by a
blockage in a coronary artery,
causing the heart muscle to be
deprived of oxygen. A heart
attack is a common cause of
cardiac arrest.