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1. Subject: Principles of management Topic: “ What and why of planning goals and plans, Setting goals and developing plans, Contemporary issues in planning”

2. Submitted to: Dr. Rai Shahbaz Hussain Submitted by : Mubshra Ashfaq (F23-BS-BBIT-1002), Faiza Batool (F23-BS-BBIT-1007), Aima Khan(F23-BS-BBIT-1011), Zainab Tariq(F23-BS-BBIT-1041), Umer Taimoor Khan(F23-BS-BBIT-1045) Department of management science, University of Okara

3. What and Why of planning goals and plans: What is Goal Planning? Goal planning is defined as Identifying and setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) objectives to clarify desired outcomes, focus efforts, and increase motivation . What is a Plan? A detailed outline of steps and actions to achieve a specific goal and to break down large objectives into manageable tasks and ensure progress.

4. Why we plan goals and create a plan? We plan goals for the following reasons: 1. Direction and Focus : Goals provide a clear sense of purpose and direction . 2 . Motivation and Inspiration : Achievable goals boost confidence and motivation . 3 . Prioritization and Time Management : Goals help allocate time and resources effectively . 4 . Accountability and Evaluation : Goals enable tracking progress and making adjustments.

5. We create a plan for the following reasons: 1. Clarity and Organization : Plans provide a clear roadmap for achieving goals . 2. Increased Efficiency : Plans help minimize waste and optimize resources . 3 . Risk Management : Plans identify potential obstacles and develop contingency strategies 4 . Improved Adaptability : Plans allow for flexibility and adjustments as circumstances change.

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7. Setting goal and developing plans: Setting goal is explained in following parts: 1. Identify Your Objectives : Determine what you want to achieve. Consider your values, priorities, and aspirations . 2 . Make Your Goals SMART: Specific : Clearly define what you want to achieve. Measurable : Quantify your goals to track progress. Achievable: Ensure your goals are realistic and attainable. Relevant: Align your goals with your values and priorities. Time-bound : Establish deadlines for achieving your goals 3. Categorize Your Goals: Group your goals into different areas, such as Career, Education, Finance ,Health and wellness, Relationships, Personal growth 4. Prioritize Your Goals : Focus on the most important goals first.

8. Developing plans is explained in following terms: 1. Break Down Big Goals into Smaller Ones : Divide large objectives into manageable tasks . 2 . Create an Action Plan : Outline the steps needed to achieve each goal . 3 . Establish a Timeline : Set deadlines for completing each task and achieving your goals 4 . Identify Resources and Support : Determine what resources (e.g., time, money, people) you need to achieve your goals . 5 . Anticipate Obstacles : Identify potential challenges and develop contingency plans . 6 . Regularly Review and Adjust : Periodically assess your progress, celebrate successes, and make adjustments as needed.

9. Contemporary issues in planning: Contemporary issues in planning refer to the current and pressing challenges, problems, and concerns that planners, policymakers, and communities face in shaping the future of cities, regions, and environments. Some contemporary issues in planning are defined below: 1.Global Challenges: Climate Change : Mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts Sustainable Development : Balancing economic, social, and environmental needs . Urbanization : Managing rapid urban growth and development . 2 . Social and Economic Issues: Inequality and Social Justice : Addressing social and economic disparities Public Health : Promoting healthy communities and environments . Economic Development : Fostering local economic growth and innovation.

10. 3.Technological Advancements : Smart Cities: Leveraging technology for efficient and sustainable urban management Data-Driven Planning: Using data analytics to inform planning decisions . Digital Participation : Engaging citizens in planning processes through digital platforms . 4. Environmental Concerns: Biodiversity Conservation : Protecting and preserving natural habitats and ecosystems . Water Management : Ensuring sustainable water management practices . Disaster Risk Reduction : Reducing vulnerability to natural disasters.

11. 5.I nstitutional Challenges : Collaborative Governance : Fostering collaboration among stakeholders and institutions . Participatory Planning : Encouraging citizen participation in planning processes . Capacity Building : Developing institutional capacity and skills for effective planning .

12. Example of contemporary issue and its solution: Imagine you live in a city like Lahore, Pakistan. The city's population is growing rapidly, and more people are buying cars. As a result, the roads are becoming increasingly congested, causing frustration and delays for locals. This is a contemporary issue in planning because it requires a solution that balances the needs of different stakeholders , such as : Commuters who want to travel quickly and easily, Businesses that rely on efficient transportation, Residents who want to reduce noise and air pollution Planners and policymakers must work together to find a solution, such as:- Improving public transportation, Encouraging carpooling and cycling, Optimizing traffic signal timing