Group Therapy.pptx

Group therapy involves one or more psychologists who lead a group of roughly five to 15 patients. Typically, groups meet for an hour or two each week. Some people attend individual therapy in addition to groups, while others participate in groups only.

1. Group Therapy By Sidra Akhtar

2. Content History of group therapy What is group therapy? Application of Group therapy Types of Groups Why do we conduct group therapy? Practices of Group Therapy Who is involved in group therapy? How is group therapy conducted?

3. History of Group Therapy 1907 – Dr. Joseph Pratt created group treatment for tuberculosis 1934 – Burrow, Schilder & Pratt founded group analysis and created the term, “Group Therapy” 1940 – Alfred Adler (“Collective Counseling”) and a few others 1942 – Samuel Slavson founded the American Group Psychotherapy Association ( AGPA) 1991 – Division 49 (Group Psychology) formed and approved Early efforts similar to today’s group guidance and psycho-educational groups

4. For example After the Second World War psychotherapists were faced by significant numbers of returning veteran with war-related neuroses. Group treatment was first used simply as a way of providing treatment to as many people as possible, Several psychotherapists reported that the results were superior to those of individual therapy progress was made more quickly with group therapy, and the outcomes were less superficial (Foulkes & Anthony, 1965).

5. Group Therapy Group therapy has been described as a product of modem marketing techniques, a method of making psychotherapy available to the small consumer at a price he or she can afford (Ehrenwald, 1976).

6. Cont… Group Therapy focuses on interpersonal learning: It helps individuals get along in a more honest and authentic way with other people. It provides a support network for specific problems and challenges.

7. Application of Group Therapy. Engage in Individual Therapy – Combined Individual Therapy and Group Therapy Criminals Couple Therapy Family Therapy Drug Addicts Crises such as Earth Quick, Disaster Some disorders such PTSD

8. Cont… Organizational Groups Groups for Children (street children's & Child Abuse) Adolescents Homogenous Groups of clients with certain medical illnesses Homogenous or Heterogeneous groups of clients with psychological disorders – depression, anxiety, grief reactions, Psychological trauma (homogenous groups preferred),

9. Types of Groups Psychotherapy Groups: These groups focus on personality reconstruction Support Groups: These deal with special populations and deal with specific issues and offer support, comfort, and connectedness to others Self-help Groups: These have no formal or trained group leader. (e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous)

10. Cont… Task Groups: A group that comes together to perform a task that has a concrete goal Guidance/Psycho-educational Group: that help group members learn information about a particular topic or issue and might also help group members cope with that same issue Counseling/Interpersonal Problem-Solving Groups: These groups help participants resolve problems of living through interpersonal support and problem solving

11. Cont… Therapeutic groups vs. group therapy Group therapy has a sound theoretical base, and leaders generally have advanced degrees in psychology, social work, nursing, or medicine Therapeutic groups are based to a lesser extent on theory. Focus is on group relations, interactions between group members, and the consideration of a selected issue Leaders of both types of groups must be knowledgeable about group process (the way in which group members interact with each other) as well as group content (the topic or issue being discussed in the group)

12. Why do we conduct group therapy?

13. Ballinger and Yalom (1995) identified ten therapeutic factors: Instilling hope, Universality Imparting information, Altruism Corrective recapitulation of problems from the person's original family Developing social skills Imitating others Emotional processing Cognitive reflection, inter personal learning Group cohesiveness.

14. The Practice of Group Therapy Groups usually consist of 6-12 members If too small – lack of universality and cohesiveness If too large – mechanical feedback, lack of sensitivity Duration May be on-going or time-limited Each session usually lasts longer than sessions in individual therapy – 2 hours is common

15. Group Analytic Psychotherapy Group Analytic Psychotherapy (as distinct from all aspects of Group Therapy) provides the development of an awareness of both Conscious and Unconscious factors. Consists of having regular meetings of a particular group of patients under the guidance of the same psychotherapist. At first patients talk to each other about their specific symptoms, Then they move on to discussions of their personal difficulties and emotional conflicts.

16. Cont… In the process, group members develop and express emotional feelings about the other participants, They learn to understand and accept the feelings expressed by the others. The principle technique is interpretation in which patients help others relate their symptoms to the emotions they seem to be experiencing and expressing (Walker, 1957).

17. Behavior Therapy in Groups Parent training, assertiveness training, treatment of obesity, and social skills training, have been addressed via group therapy both for convenience and for theoretical reasons, Especially the social learning theory concepts of modeling and observational learning.

18. Cont…. Behavior therapists have been divided on how to view behavioral group therapy. Some views it as a matter of delivering the same intervention to multiple participants for convenience. Others view it as behavior therapy that operates through the group process (Franks & Wilson, 1973).

19. Cont…. Behavioral Group Therapy Often Involves Homogenous groups of clients, such as people with PTSD or panic disorder , who are treated together for convenience or as part of a research protocol.

20. Humanistic Group Therapy Including existential, Gestalt, and client-centered group therapies, Is aimed at helping clients make positive behavioral and attitudinal changes. The emphasis is on Free will. Participant’s ability to make growth-producing choices Self-awareness. Self-actualization is viewed as the essential process.

21. Cont…. The therapist must trust the abilities of the group members to help one another grow in positive directions. Group members determine the direction of the group for themselves. This format is known as unstructured group therapy.

22. Common Features of Group Therapy Having a limited number of participants Having designated Ieaders or therapists Having the aim of providing a therapeutic experience, with the expectation of beneficial emotional, cognitive, and behavioral change (Shaffer & Galinsky, 1974).

23. Advantages of groups Sense of Belonging: Developing a sense of belonging Economy : group therapy is less expensive Group support : there is comfort in knowing that others have similar problems Feedback : group members learn from each other Behavioral rehearsal : group members can role-play the activities of the key persons in a member’s life

24. Disadvantages of groups Not everyone can be in a group (e.g; issues, interpersonal skills) Confidentiality more difficult to maintain Harder to build trust and safety Group leaders are not always properly trained Not enough time to deal with each person thoroughly Group leaders have less control than in individual therapy There are concerns with conformity and peer pressure Scape-goating may occur A disruptive person can cause more harm Casualties are more likely to occur

25. Any Question