Grp7 2025, EPIDEMIC MANAGEMENT.pptxvahjhshsj

Epidemic

1. Presented by: GROUP SEVEN MANAGEMENT OF AN EPIDEMIC IN A COMMUNITY

2. GROUP 7 MEMBERS NAME REG. No. JOSHUA WERE 2021-08-07240 JAMES NEWTON KITAKA 2021-08-06630 ALVIN TAYEBWA 2021-08-06630 MUHONJA VERONICA 2021-08-05788

3. DEFINITION An epidemic is defined as the occurrence in a community or region of cases of illness, specific health related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy .

4. MANAGEMENT OF AN EPIDEMIC Involves; Coordinating response teams Health information(forecasting and investigations ) Communicating the risk Control of epidemic

5. Coordinating teams Includes creating teams like; the health task force( medical workers, epidemiologists, village health teams) security organ isations church leaders local leaders cultural leaders stake holders( engagement of the community ). These teams work together to; implement a joint plan of action mobilize for resources and arrange for emergency operation centers . Note ; there should be a flow of coordinated information about the epidemic.

6. Health information(forecasting and investigations) This involves continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the various interventions carried out to combat the epidemic . This entails; Study the incidence and prevalence rates Disease specific morbidity and mortality rates Study the pattern of the disease by tabulating various data and graph plotting.

7. Investigation This a set of procedures used to identify; the cause, the people affected ,the mode of spread of the disease, the circumstances and relevant factors involved in the spread of the disease. The purpose of investigations is to control the spread of the disease before it causes more illnesses and deaths.

8. Steps taken in an epidemic investigation Verification of diagnosis- clinical examination of sample cases and laboratory investigations are most useful. Confirmation of epidemic.- epidemic is said to exist when the number of cases is in excess of the expected frequency for that population. Defining population at risk- counting the population by age and sex should be carried out. Rapid search for all cases- in area through medical survey and epidemiological case sheet or case interview form . Analysis of data- under classical parameters like time, place(source of infection), and person can determine the attack rate, case fatality rates for those exposed.

9. Cont’n Formulation and testing hypothesis- in terms of the possible sources, causative agents, possible modes of spread and environmental factors. Evaluation of the ecological factors- such as the sanitary status of eating establishment, water supply, movement of human population . Further investigations- medical examination, screening test , examination of suspected food or blood samples . Report writing and communication of findings- to higher levels in the health system ,community leaders and other stakeholders.

10. Communicating risk Risk communication is the real time exchange of information, advice and opinions between the health experts and people who face the threat to their survival and social well being During epidemics cases and deaths inevitably increase, its equally important to manage infodemics by- experts, authorities, quickly relay information having facts by use of radios, television, newspapers text messaging, leaflets and posters . Train the response teams on when, how, what, why, to communicate . Implement the case findings and contact tracing.

11. Cont’n Consider these in communicating risk; Build trust. Communicate uncertainty proactively. Engage communities. Message well. Establish and use listening feedback systems.

12. Cont’n Risk communication operation resources Treat emergency communication as strategic role not as an add one Establish coordination and information systems Build capacity for the next emergency The ultimate goal is that everyone at risk is able to take informed decisions to mitigate the effects and take active protective and preventive measures.

13. Control of epidemic To control an epidemic one must have information about the; Source/ causative organism Dynamics of disease transmission Modes of transmission

14. Key principles to consider during control of epidemic Removing the source of infections. Prevention of transmission of the disease. Vector control.

15. Removal of source of infection Treatment of infected cases Destruction of reservoir of infection Removal / correction of source of infection

16. Prevention of transmission Isolation of infected cases Hand washing and personal protective measures Proper disposal of fomites Improve environmental sanitation Contact tracing Screening of suspected cases Quarantine of migrated cases Health education

17. Vector control measures Prevention of breeding of mosquitoes, flies, fleas etc . Destruction of adult vector through insecticide, pesticide. Personal protection like use of mosquito net, filtered water etc . Increase personal hygiene Improve environmental sanitation

18. Preventive measures Improvement of the hygienic levels of the population Vaccination Prophylactic disinfection Registration and control of carriers Health education Environmental measures like clean water supply, proper disposal of waste etc.

19. EPIDEMIC PREPAREDNESS Identify a nodal officer at community level Strengthen routine surveillance system Constitute a rapid response team Train medical and other health personnel Prepare a list of laboratories List the “high risk” pockets Establish rapid communication network Ensure availability of essential supplies Inter – sectorial coordination

20. REFERENCES Managing epidemics: key facts about major deadly diseases(world health organization) handbook Health emergency information and risk assessment handbook .