Guanzon Education and Philosophy300 (1).pptx

Education 300, a Doctorate subject

1. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Educ 300- Philosophy and Ethics on Education BLASITO B. GUANZON DISCUSSANT JANUARY 4, 2025 Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership

2. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership ? What Do Ethics Mean to You?

3. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership What Do Ethics Mean to You? Ethics have to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong Ethics have to do with my religious beliefs Being ethical is doing what the law requires Ethics consist of the standards of behavior our society accepts I guess I don’t really know what the word means

4. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Defining Ethics Simply stated: “Ethics refer to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.” ( Markkula Center for Applied Ethics)

5. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership UNDERSTANDING ETHICS IN LEADERSHIP Ethics are principles guiding what is right or wrong in leadership practices. They reflect personal values and societal expectations, impacting decisions and behaviors in organizational contexts. Defining Ethics

6. Presentation title If our ethics are not based on feelings, religion, law, accepted social practice, or science, what are they based on? How do those standards get applied to specific situations we face? Identifying Ethical Standards is Hard

7. Can Philosophers Help? Thinkers have sought answers to the question “what should our ethical standards be?” for thousands of years Five approaches have stood the test of time and offer a foundation or criteria for making ethical decisions

8. Five Approaches to Ethics The Utilitarian Approach The Rights Approach The Justice and Fairness Approach The Common Good Approach The Virtue Approach Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership

9. ETHICAL STANDARD DEFINITION EXAMPLE Utilitarianism Maximizing overall happiness Making decisions for the greater good 2. Rights-Based Respecting individual rights Ensuring freedom and fairness 3. Justice and Fairness Equity in treatment Uniform policies for all 4. Common Good Building a community benefiting all Social responsibility initiatives 5. Virtue Ethics Emphasizing character traits Promoting honesty and integrity Common Ethical Standards

10. Still Not Easy! Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Each approach has something to offer, but… We may not agree on what is a good and what is a harm We may not be aligned on the same set of human and civil rights We may have different views of what is just We may have different ideas about what constitutes the good life for human beings We may debate which virtues are most important And it’s possible these approaches yield different answers to a given dilemma

11. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Ethical Dilemmas WHAT IS AN ETHICAL DILEMMA? An ethical dilemma arises when conflicting values pose a decision-making challenge, leaving leaders to evaluate options that may seem wrong or right. It demands moral reasoning.

12. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Ethical Dilemmas WHAT IS AN ETHICAL DILEMMA? When different approaches yield different decisions, but we still must choose. When the alternatives all seem wrong in some way, but we still must choose. Note: if what is right is clear to you, it is not a dilemma, though it may require courage to follow through!

13. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Ethical Dilemmas IMPLICATIONS OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS Such dilemmas often affect organizational culture and trust. Leaders are held accountable for decisions, impacting perceptions, team morale, and stakeholder relationships.

14. Exercise 1 : Identify an Ethical Dilemma Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Think of an ethical dilemma you have faced in your work life Identify why it was a dilemma for you How did you resolve it? Share with your group …

15. Leaders, by definition, seek to bring about change This means their decisions will affect people So, most of their decisions have an ethical component, even if a small one Also, other people’s ethical dilemmas are often kicked up to the leader to decide Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Ethical Dilemmas and Leadership

16. Exercise 2 : Which Approach Do You Use Most? Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Review the Five Approaches Share which approach you are most attracted to and tend to use the most And the one you use the least Share it to the Group…

17. -Does this action produce the most good and do the least harm? (The Utilitarian Approach) -Does this action respect the rights of all who have a stake? (The Rights Approach) -Does this action treat people equally or proportionately? (The Justice Approach) -Does this action best serve the community as a whole, not just some members? (The Common Good Approach) -Does this action lead me to act as the sort of person I want to be? (The Virtue Approach) Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Applying the -Five Approaches

18. How We Go Astray Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership -- No clarity about our own values – what do we care about -No recognition of the role of our emotions in our decision making -Wanting to justify our decisions so we look good, e.g. not acknowledging mistakes -Not being aware of our own blind spots

19. Ethical Blind Spots Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Implicit bias -In-group favoritism -Illusion of objectivity -Favoring present over future Temporal lens “Should” self in the future vs. “Want” self in the present Failure to notice others’ unethical behavior -Outcome bias

20. Using the Five Approaches Each has a unique perspective to offer Each can help us evaluate potential actions in response to an ethical dilemma None of them provide guaranteed answers – reasonable people can disagree on the right course of action Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership

21. A Framework for Ethical Decision Making Recognize an ethical issue Get the facts Evaluate alternative actions using the five approaches Beware your own blind spots Get others’ perspectives Make a decision and test it Implement with “skillful means” Act and reflect on the outcome

22. Evaluating Alternatives with the Five Approaches Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership -Which option will produce the best and do the least harm? (The Utilitarian Approach) -Which option best respects the rights of all who have a stake? (The Rights Approach) -Which option treats people equally or proportionately? (The Justice Approach) -Which option best serves the community as a whole, not just some members? (The Common Good Approach) -Which option leads me to act as the sort of person I want to be? (The Virtue Approach)

23. Ethical Decisions Are Not Enough Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Implement decisions with “skillful means” How can my decision be implemented with care and attention to everyone’s concerns? How should I communicate the decision and with what support?

24. Insights 1. What had you not considered before? 2. What were you reminded of? 3. How can you make this useful? Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership

25. Ethical Dilemmas in Leadership Presentation title Thank You…