Gums and mucilages used in pharmaceutical formulation.pptx

Gums:
These are considered to be pathological products formed following injury to the plant or owing to unfavourable conditions such as drought by a breakdown of cell walls (extra cellular formation: gummosis). Also Dried-up mucilage or concentrated mucilage is called Gum.
Eg. tragacanth and guar gum

Mucilage:
It is a glutinous substance that mainly consists of polysaccharides proteins and uranides. In other words Mucilage‘s are generally normal products of metabolism formed within the cell (intracellular formation) or produced without injury to the plant.
Eg. xanthan gum , gum Arabic,aloe vera or the Carbopol 940.

CLASSIFICATION
A) According to the charge:

Non-ionic seed gums: guar locust bean tamarind xanthan amylase Arabian‘s cellulose and galactomannans.
Anionic gums: Arabic karaya tragacanth gellan agar algin carrageenans and pectic acid.

B) According to the source:

Marine origin/algal(seaweed) gums: agar carrageenan‘s alginic acid laminarin.
Semi-synthetic:

Starch derivatives-hetastarch starch acetate starch phosphates.

Cellulose derivatives: carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) hydroxyethyl cellulose hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) methylcellulose (MC) microcrystalline cellulose(MCC).
Albizia gum
Locust bean gum
Fenugreek mucilage
Hibiscus mucilage
Honey locust gum
Tara gum
Almond gum
Cashew gum
Neem gum
Gum copal
Mango gum
1) Local availability: In developing countries governments promote the production of plants like guar gum and tragacanth because of the wide applications in a variety of industries.
2) Low cost: It is always cheaper to use natural sources. The production cost is also much lowercompared with that for synthetic material. India and manydeveloping countries are dependent onagriculture.
3) Biodegradable: Naturally available biodegradable polymers are produced by all living organisms.They represent truly renewable source and they have no adverse impact on humans or environmentalhealth (e.g. skin and eye irritation).
Biocompatible and non-toxic: Chemically nearly all of these plant materials are carbohydrates composed of repeating sugar (monosaccharides) units. Hence they are non-toxic.

5) Environmentally friendly processing: Gums and mucilagesfrom different sources are easily collectedindifferent seasons in large quantities due to the simple production processes involved.

6) Economic: They are cheaper and their production cost is less than synthetic material. Safe and avoid of side effects. They are from a natural source and hence safe and without side effects. Better patient tolerance as well as public acceptance There is less chance of side and adverse effects with natural materials compared with synthetic one. For example PMMA povidone
Applications in the food industry

1.Gums and mucilages have a variety of applicationsin the food industry. Different gums have different uses like water retention and stabilization (guar and locust bean gum) stabi

1. By DAMINI .A. MUNDHARE B PHARM IV YEAR SEM VII Under the Guidance of MR NANDKISHOR B.DESHMUKH M PHARM (PHARMACEUTICS) SHRADDHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, KONDALA ZAMBRE WASHIM 444505 Gums and Mucilages Used in Pharmaceutical Formulation

2. Chapter No. Title 1 Introduction 2 Mucilage extraction 3 Classification 4 Recently investigated natural gums and mucilage 5 Properties 6 Application 7 Conclusion 8 reference CONTENTS

3. 1. INTRODUCTION Gums: These are considered to be pathological products formed following injury to the plant or owing to unfavourable conditions such as drought by a breakdown of cell walls (extra cellular formation: gummosis). Also Dried-up mucilage or concentrated mucilage is called Gum. Eg. tragacanth and guar gum Mucilage: It is a glutinous substance that mainly consists of polysaccharides proteins and uranides. In other words Mucilage‘s are generally normal products of metabolism formed within the cell (intracellular formation) or produced without injury to the plant. Eg . xanthan gum , gum Arabic,aloe vera or the Carbopol 940.

4. 2 . MUCILAGE EXTRACTION One of the most well-known mucilage extractions is that of Aloe Vera. extraction method of aloe vera is by taking the plants‘ leaves and washing it to remove any dirt present on leaves. After washing leaves the base and the apex of the leaves and cut longitudinally to separate the epidermis for the inner mucilaginous gel. This gel grinded to obtain a juice made from the mucilage of the leaves.

5. The obtained Aloe Vera gel then to a heat treatment in a hot water bath at 70°C for 30 min causing the Aloe juice‘s clarification . The final step is the purification of the juice and it is generally performed by filtration of the juice through a cotton or nylon cloth. Extracted aloe vera mucilage is obtained.

6. 3 . CLASSIFICATION A) According to the charge : Non-ionic seed gums : guar locust bean tamarind xanthan amylase Arabian‘s cellulose and galactomannans. Anionic gums : Arabic karaya tragacanth gellan agar algin carrageenans and pectic acid. B) According to the source : Marine origin/algal(seaweed) gums : agar carrageenan‘s alginic acid laminarin.

7. C) Semi-synthetic : Starch derivatives -hetastarch starch acetate starch phosphates. Cellulose derivatives : carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) hydroxyethyl cellulose hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) methylcellulose (MC) microcrystalline cellulose(MCC).

8. 5 . RECENTLY INVESTIGATED NATURAL GUMS AND MUCILAGE Albizia gum Locust bean gum Fenugreek mucilage Hibiscus mucilage Honey locust gum Tara gum Almond gum Cashew gum Neem gum Gum copal Mango gum

9. PROPERTIES 1) Local availability : In developing countries governments promote the production of plants like guar gum and tragacanth because of the wide applications in a variety of industries. 2) Low cost : It is always cheaper to use natural sources. The production cost is also much lowercompared with that for synthetic material. India and manydeveloping countries are dependent onagriculture. 3) Biodegradable : Naturally available biodegradable polymers are produced by all living organisms.They represent truly renewable source and they have no adverse impact on humans or environmentalhealth (e.g. skin and eye irritation).

10. 4) Biocompatible and non-toxic : Chemically nearly all of these plant materials are carbohydrates composed of repeating sugar (monosaccharides) units. Hence they are non-toxic. 5 ) Environmentally friendly processing : Gums and mucilagesfrom different sources are easily collectedindifferent seasons in large quantities due to the simple production processes involved. 6) Economic : They are cheaper and their production cost is less than synthetic material. Safe and avoid of side effects. They are from a natural source and hence safe and without side effects. Better patient tolerance as well as public acceptance There is less chance of side and adverse effects with natural materials compared with synthetic one. For example PMMA povidone.

11. APPLICATION Applications in the food industry 1.Gums and mucilages have a variety of applicationsin the food industry. Different gums have different uses like water retention and stabilization (guar and locust bean gum) stabilizers for ice-cream meat products and instant pudding (carrageenanas) dairy confectionary and meat products (agar) confectionary beverages backed product and sauces (gum arabic tragacanth pectins alginates and xanthan gum). 2.There is growing concern about the safety of pharmaceutical excipients derived from natural sources. Plant gums and exudates are now screened for their use as pharmaceutical adjuvants.

12. Pharmaceutical applications 1.Gums and mucilages have a variety of applications in pharmacy. They are used in medicine for their demulcent properties for cough suppression. 2.These hydrophilic polymers are useful as tablet binders disintegrants emulsifiers suspending agents gelling agents stabilizing agents thickening agents film forming agents in transdermal and periodontal films buccal tablets as well as sustaining agents in matrix tablets and coating agents in microcapsules including those used for protein delivery. 3. Mucilages of different origins are also used in conventional dosage forms of various drugs for their binding thickening stabilizing and humidifying properties in medicine

13. Conclusion The natural gums are more economical ,abundantly available ,biodegradable, biocompatible and non toxic . These all reasons madethe natural gums more superial over the synthetic ones.They have major role in pharmaceutical industries. As the natural gums have wide spread applications in pharmaceutical industries .the researchers are attract towards the role of natural polymer in the development of novel drug delivery system.

14. Reference Wahi SP and Jain VK Studies on suspending property of mucilages of Hygrophila spinosa and Hibiscus esculentus Linn Indian Drugs 1985; 22: 500- 502. Sharma VD Studies on emulsifying property of mucilages of Hibiscus esculentus. Indian Journal of natural Products 1985; 1: 3-6. Harcourt Brace & Co. Asia Pvt. Ltd Singapore Edition 14 1996: 196-208 213-215. Pontes UR Determination of HLB of Anacardium gum. Rev Farm Bioquim 1971; 2: 83-91. Khullar P Khar RK and Agrawal SR Evaluation ofguar gum in the preparation of sustained release matrix tablets Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 1998; 24: 1095-1099

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