Gunja and JAyapala-83.pptx useful for all students

ppt

1. Gunja & Jayapala Guided by- Dr. Adarsh Dr. Shivananda Submitted by: Veeresh K S 3 Rd year bams Gamc mysuru

2. Gunja Botanical Name: Abrus precatorius . Family: Fabaceae Vernacular names- Kannada- Gulaganji English- Abrus Telagu - Guruvinda Synonyms: Krushnala , Raktika , Tamrika . Chudamani , Sheetapaki , Rati, Shikandika .

3. Morphology Distribution: All over India Abrus is a green, slender, climbing vine bearing plant.

4. Flowers Leaves Pods

5. Seeds: Each seed pot contains 3 to 5 seeds. Seeds are egg shaped with 5 mm in diameter and having weight of 105 mg. Seed has an attractive hard glossy outer shell. Organic irritant plant poison.

6. Types: Shweta Gunja Rakta Gunja Krsna Gunja

7. Properties of Gunja : Rasa- Tikta , Kashaya. Guna - Laghu , Sheeta and Rooksha . Veerya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Karma Rogaghnata Balya Daurbalya Vrushya Shukravikara Keshya Khalitya Kushtaghna Kushta Ruchikaraka Aruchi

8. Shodhana - The Gunja seeds are crushed Made in a pottali and swedana is done for 3yama in godugda in Dola-yantra . Shuddha Gunja Same Procedure with Kanjika Parts used- Root, leaf, Seeds. Seeds are the most toxic part. Dosage- Root and leaf powder- 1-3g Seed Powder- half to one and half Gunja - 60-180 mg

9. Indications: Urusthambha - thigh stiffness. Amavata - Rheumatoid arthritis Kasa - cough Indralupta - alopecia areata Graharoga - Psychological disorders Kandu - itching Kushta - Skin diseases Krumi - Worm infestation Mada - intoxication

10. FORMULATIONS Gunjabhadra Rasa Neelibringadi Taila Gunjagarbha Rasa Gunjajeevan Rasa Sarivadi Vati

11. Mechanism of Action: Abrin is a powerful gastrointestinal toxin . O ne of its polypeptide chains binds to the intestinal cell membrane, while the other chain enters the cytoplasm. Once in the cell, the A chain acts on the 60S ribosomal subunit, preventing binding of elongation factor 2 thus inhibiting protein synthesis and leading to cell demise .

12. Signs and symptoms: Symptoms may be delayed from a few hours to two or three days when taken by mouth. Delayed cytotoxic effects occur in the CNS, liver, kidneys and adrenal glands 2 to 5 days after exposure. Ingestion of seeds or extract can cause haemorrhagic gastritis. There is fainting , vertigo, vomiting, dyspnoea, and Convulsions may precede death from cardiac failure and bloody diarrhoea.

13. Fatal Period : 3to5 days ACTIVE PRINCIPLE: Abrin MANAGEMENT: Anti- abrin injection should be given. Urine should be maintained at alkaline pH. Resuscitation and removal of unabsorbed poison is done. FATAL DOSE: 90-120mg, if injected. 1-2 crushed seed orally.

14. Postmortem Appearances: External: Fragments of needles(Sui) may be found. Edema will be present at the site of injection. Internal: Inflammation and congestion with erosion is seen in GIT and other viscera. .

15. Medicolegal Importance: Most of the cases are accidental ingestion of attractive seeds by children. Homicidal are by injecting needles. Suis are used for cattlepoisoning . Abrus can be used as arrow poison.

16. Research: Anticataractic and anti oxidant effects – The ethanolic seeds extract of Abrus precatorius protected the lens against calcium-induced oxidative damage which might be helpful in delaying the progression of cataract.

17. Jayapala Botanical name- Croton tiglium Family- Euphoriaceae Vernacular name- Hindi- Jamalgota. Kannada- Japala English- Croton Synonyms- Dantabeeja , Rechaka , Maladravi . Organic irritant vegetable poison.

18. Morphology Habit and Habitat- Medium sized tree upto . 20ft in height. Grows wild in hills and forests.

19. Leaves Flower Fruit

20. Seeds- Seeds are oval or oval oblong in shape. They are odorless. They have dark brown or brownish-gray shell.

21. Properties of Jayapala Rasa- Katu Guna - Guru, Rooksha , Tikshna . Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Karma × Rechana × Kapha -pitta Shamaka Active Principle: 2 active principles mainly Crotin ( toxanamide ) and crotonoside (glycoside)

22. Shodana Jayapala beeja is taken in a vessel containing water and kept overnight to remove the cotyledon. Its then taken in a clean cloth and made into pottali and swedana is done in dola yanthra with cow milk for three hours. Then it’s taken out and the beejankura is removed. I t’s then made into paste and applied over a mud pot. Kept, till the oil oozes out and partially dries. It’s then collected. Parts Used- Seed and oil extracted from the seed are extremely toxic . Dosage: Seed- 25 to 50 mg. Seed oil- 1 to 2 drops.

23. Indications Kasa Shwasa Garavisha Kshataksheena Purified seeds: Deepana – improves digestion strength kaphavataghna – Balance Kapha and Vata Dosha Rechana – induces purgation

24. Formulations Icc habhedi rasa Shula kutara rasa Sleepadantaka gutika Sarvanga sundara rasa Yakritplihara lauham

25. Mechanism of action The toxalbumin present in the seeds is a toxic protien that disable ribosomes and thereby inhibit protien synthesis. It is antigenic in nature, it agglutinates red cells and causes hemolysis and cell destruction.   Signs and Symptoms- On ingestion: There is hot burning pain from mouth to stomach, Nausea, vomitting , purging, and bloody stools with griping pain followed by tachycardia, vertigo, circulatory and respiratory collapse and death . Applied to skin: croton oil produces burning sensation, redness and vesication the vesicles may later suppurate and cause scaring.

26. Fatal period- 4to5 hrs Fatal Dose- Adults- 4 seeds- 15to30 drops Children- 1 seed- 3to4 drops of oil. Management: Stomach wash . Administration of demulscent drinks, like milk, or egg white . Morphine with atropine to allay pain and reduce intestinal secretions. Glucose and saline a re given IV to compact collapse and dehydration. Borax is an antidote of croton seed poisoning.

27. Postmortem Changes The mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines is usually found red, inflamed and excoriated at places. Fragments of the seeds may be found in stomach and intestine. The spleen and liver gets congested. The kidneys may show cloudy swelling and congestion.   Occasionally the post mortem findings are negative.

28. MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE Accidental poisoning results from swallowing croton oil by mistake, or when t aken in large doses as a purgative or by inhailing their dust S uicide and Homicide is rare . Root and oil are taken internally as an abortificant . Oil is used as arrow poison.

29. Research: Anti-helminthic activit y : The objective of the study was to test the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of Croton tiglium seeds. The activity was checked in aqueous and petroleum ether extracts at three different concentration (25, 50 and 75mg/ml) and results were expressed in terms of paralysis time and death time for worms. The results were compared with standard solution, Albendazole (20 mg/ml & 40mg/ml). Both the extract showed significant anthelmintic activity. Gastro intestinal effect: Croton tiglium used as a cathartic in Ayurvedic system of indigenous medicine, was investigated for its effects in experimental animals. The extract exhibited a dose dependent cathartic effect in albino rats, the extract also showed an increase to gut movement with an increased contractile movement on rabbit jejunum, partially blocked by atropine these preliminary findings suggest that the ethanol extract of the croton dried nuts elicit a purgative effect by increasing the gut motility, partially via muscarnic receptor activation.

30. Reference: Dr. Jeena pattanaik-Agadatantra JLN Sastry-Dravya guna I nternet website( easyayurveda . Com)