GUPTA ART, ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURE

This slide is all about Gupta art and culture that was flourished during these times. It includes cave architecture, stupa architecture and temple Architecture along with their culture that was preserved in their formations.

1. Introduction of Gupta Art and Culture PRESENTED BY- VIMLENDRA RAJAK

2. BRIEF INTRODUCTION THE GUPTAN DYNASTY WAS FOUNDED BY SRIGUPTA. TIMELINE OF GUPTA EMPIRE IS ABOUT (319-550 AD). THE MAIN RULERS OF THIS DYNASTY WERE SAMUDRAGUPTA AND CHANDRAGUPTA VIKRAMADITYA. THE GUPTAN ERA IS ALSO KNOWN AS GOLDEN ERA IN INDIAN HISTORY.

3. GUPTA ART MONUMENTS STUPAS CHAITYA VIHARS CAVE ART AND ARCHITECTURE TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE

4. Gupta architecture Gupta architecture was diverse in style, design and features. It can be classified into caves , stupa and temples. A wide variety of towers and elaborate carvings adorned the temples that were built from stone.

5. Ajanta caves Ajanta caves are located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. Only cave no.16 and 17 belongs to Gupta period. These caves are carved on a perpendicular cliff. There are 25 Viharas and 4 Chaityas. As they are on perpendicular side ,There are no courtyards. All the three forms of art are combined in these caves: Architecture ,Sculpture ,Paintings.

6. AJANTA CAVES Ajanta cave 16 is a popular and renowned for the work of sculptor and frescoes.

7. ELLORA CAVES This cave site is located in aurangabad district and contains buddhist, brahmanical and jain caves. Contribution of rashtrakutas is visible on this cave. Cave 10 is a chaitya hall for lord buddha , cave 13 & 14 belongs to ravan ki khai, cave 15 to dashavatara temple and cave 16 belongs to kailash temple. Three storey caves are also present in ellora. Most of the temples have courtyards.

8. ELLORA CAVES This cave no 10 is a chaitya hall for lord buddha.

9. ELLORA CAVES This cave no 14 is related with ravan ki khai.

10. ELLORA CAVES This cave no 15 belongs to dashavatara temple.

11. ELLORA CAVES This is cave 16 which is related with kailash temple.

12. JUNAGARH CAVES These caves are found in the junagarh district of gujarat , hence the name. It has many intresting buddhist caves and was evidently the site of buddhist monastry of ancient times. It was an ancient fortress whose entrance in the form of an archway is a fine specimen of hindu torana.

13. JUNAGARH CAVES The most distinguishing feature of this cave is uparkots means, citadel which is around 30-40 feet high.

14. BAGH CAVES It is located in dhar district of madhya pradesh on the bank of baghani river. Out of initial 9 caves only 5 have been extant. It has been carved out in late 4 th -6 th century AD. Bagh caves are known for mural paintings. Legend says that these caves were established by buddhist monk dataka. All 5 caves are vihars or resting place for buddhist monks. Most significant of these five extant caves is cave4. It is commonly known as rang mahal (palace of colors).

15. BAGH CAVES It is the finest specimens of buddhist art and architecture .

16. BAGH CAVES Rock cut caves. A copper plate inscription laid the date back to 4 th -5 th century AD.

17. BAGH CAVE PAINTINGS These paintings are materialistic rather than naturalistic. The ground prepared was reddish-browny gritty and thick with mud plaster, laid out on the walls and ceilings. Some of the most beautiful paintings lies in cave4. Most paintings were carefully removed in 1982 and can be seen in archaeological museum of gwalior.

18. BAGH CAVE PAINTINGS Mural paintings which are made in tempera technique.

19. STUPA ARCHITECTURE GUPTA PERIOD

20. DHAMEKH STUPA It is a massive stupa located at sarnath, 13 km away from varanasi in the state of uttar pradesh. It is a solid cylinder of bricks and stones reaching a height of 43.6 metres and having a diameter of about 28 metres. The basement dates back to ashoka’s reign. Carvings on the walls are brahmi script. The stone facing displays delicate floral carvings of gupta period.

21. DHAMEKH STUPA This is the place where lord buddha preached his first sermon.

22. DHAMEKH STUPA Carvings in dhamekh stupa at sarnath. These were originally built in 249 BC. But contributions were also made by gupta dynasty.

23. TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE GUPTA PERIOD

24. TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE Gupta period marks the beginning of indian temple architecture. Manuals were written regarding how to form temples. The gupta temples were of five main types.

25. TYPE 1 Square building with flat roof and shallow pillared porch. The nucleus of a temple, the sanctum or cella (garbhagriha), with a single entrance and a porch (mandapa) appears for the first time here. Notable examples are: kankali devi temple (tigawa) and vishnu varah temple (eran).

26. TYPE 2 An elaboration of type 1 with the addition of an ambulatory (pradakshina) around the sanctum. Some temples had a second storey. Notable examples are: shiva temple at bhumara (M.P.) and ladkhan temple at aihole.

27. TYPE 3 Square temple with a pillared approach and a high platform at a base. Appearance of curvilinear tower known as “ shikhara”. The panchayatan style was introduced along with the concept of subsidiary shrines. Notable examples are: dashavtara temple at deogarh , jhansi and the brick temple at bhitargaon , kanpur.

28. TYPE 4 This stage introduced rectangular temples with all other features continued. Notable example: kapoteshwar temple at cezarla, guntur district in andhra pradesh.

29. TYPE 5 This stage introduced circular temples with shallow rectangular projections at the four cardinal faces. The only monument exemplifying the style is the maniyar math shrine at rajgir, Bihar.

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