Habits, Personality & Intelligence - a community medicine perspective

Habits, Personality & Intelligence

1. HABITS PERSONALITY INTELLIGENCE Dr Ubaid N P Assistant Professor Community Medicine Dept KMCT Medical College

2. Habits

3. Habits Habit is an accustomed way of doing things. Habits are said to have 3 characteristics:- Acquired through repetition. Automatic. Can be performed only under similar circumstances.

4. Habit formation Principles involved in habit formation Habit formation begins early in childhood when the child is receptive to all influences. Habits are formed by frequent repetition. Habits are not formed overnight. It takes time to form habits. There should be a strong emotional stimulus to form habits (ex:-taking a vow, reward, recognition etc). Good habits break bad habits.

5. Frustrations All people have needs –biological, social, economic needs which they try to satisfy. People unable to meet their needs and desires feel frustrated. Sometimes, frustration may rouse the individual to higher and bigger effort to overcome failures. But frustration, if allowed to continue, may damage one's personality.

6. Conflicts Conflict is like a tug of war between two or more courses of action or between opposing ideas Pros & cons of the situation is weighed to make a correct decision Conflicts should be resolved as quickly as possible, before emotional disturbances occur.

7. Defense mechanisms ‘The ways or devices an individual employs when faced with problems, difficulties or failures to achieve health, happiness or success are called Defense Mechanisms .’ Rationalization Projection Compensation Escape mechanism Displacement Regression Types of defense mechanisms

8. Personality

9. Personality It is a key word in psychology. It implies certain physical and mental traits which are characteristic of a given individual. The term personality and human behavior are inter –related

10. Components of personality Physical – Height, Weight, Color, Facial expression Emotional - fear, anger, love ,jealousy guilt, worries Intelligence - An intelligent person has forceful personality. Behavior - gentle , affectionate, balanced, submissive, aggressive

11. Personality traits Cheerfulness Good manners Sportsmanship Honesty Kindliness Loyalty Reliability Sense of humour Tactfulness Willing to help others Extrovert and Introvert

12. Kindliness Honesty Patience Tolerance Perseverance Consciousness Initiative IDEAL PERSONALITY OF A DOCTOR

13. Development of personality Each stage is marked by distinctive psychology Infancy Pre school child School age Adolescence Adult Old age

14. Intelligence

15. Intelligence Its an important aspect of personality. Ability to see meaningful relationships between things. It includes perceiving, knowing, reasoning and remembering. It is believed that intelligence results from an interplay between hereditary & environmental factors.

16. Intelligence Quotient Mental age Intelligence Quotient IQ = Mental age/Chronological age * 100 The higher the IQ the more ‘brilliant’ the child is and more capable of higher performance at school age.

17. Level of intelligence IQ Range Idiot 0-24 Imbecile 25-49 Moron 50-69 Borderline 70-79 Low normal 80-89 Normal 90-109 Superior 110-119 Very superior 120-139 Near genius >140

18. Adult intelligence Thurston defines components of adult intelligence as; Space: ability to perceive objects Number: familiarity with elementary arithmetic Verbal comprehension: ability to reason from verbal concepts Facility of expression: ability to employ appropriate words Memory: ability to retain words & ideas Induction: ability to discover principles Deduction: ability to use those principles to solve concrete problems Flexibility & quickness of thought

19. Intelligence test Group tests Individual tests

20. 1916 Stanford - Binet Sample Items for 12 yr olds Orange. 45. Sportive. 80. Exaltation. 92. Theosophy FOR THE STARTED AN WE COUNTRY EARLY AT HOUR TO ASKED PAPER MY TEACHER CORRECT I MY A DEFENDS DOG GOOD HIS BRAVELY MASTER 3-1-8-7-9 6-9-4-8-2 5-2-9-6-1 Vocabulary Grammar Memory Snake, cow, sparrow Book, teacher, newspaper Wool, cotton, leather Similarities Interpretation Practical Problem Solving

21. WAIS-R Testing kit Testing Booklet Story Cards Puzzle Pieces Block Design

22. Thank You