HAEMORRHAGE.pptx/ HEMORRHAGE POWERPOINT.

HEMORRHAGE

1. HAEMORRHAGE

2. Escape of blood from a blood vessel Bleeding may occur externally or internally Internally into serous cavities- haemothorax, haemoperitoneum, haemopericardium or into hollow viscus Haematoma- extravasation of blood into the tissues resulting in swelling Eechymoses - large extravasation of blood in to the skin and mucus membranes Purpura are small areas of haemorrhages into skina and mucous membranes

3. Petechiae - minute pin head size haemorrhages Diapedisis - microspcopic escape of erythrocytes into loose tissues may occur following marked congestion

4. Etiology Blood loss may be large and sudden- acute Small repeated bleeds may occur over a period of time- chronic Various causes- Trauma to vessel wall- penetrating wound in the heart or great vessel , during labour Spontaneous hemorrhage- rupture of aneurysm, septicemia, bleeding diathesis, acute leukaemias, pernicious malaria, scurvy Inflammatory lesions of vessel wall- bleeding from chronic peptic ulcer, typhoid ulcer

5. 4. Neoplastic invasion- haemorrhage following vascular invasion in carcinoma of tongue 5. Vascular disease- atherosclerosis 6. Elevated pressure with in vessel- retinol and cerebral haemorrhage in systemic hypertension

6. Effects Effects of blood loss depend up on 3 main factors The amount of blood loss The speed of blood loss Site of hemorrhage

7. Loss up to 20% of blood suddenly or slowly has little clinical effects A sudden loss of 33% blood volume cause- death Loss of 50% blood volume gradually over a period of 24 hrs may not be fatal Chronic blood loss produces iron deficiency anemia Acute haemorrhage – hypovolaemic shock

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