halitosis dan gastoentrological diseases

halitosis

1. Halitosis Gastroentorlogical Diseases & Dr. drg . Rochman Mujayanto, Sp.PM

2. Halitosis Halitosis is a general term describing bad or unpleasant smells from the oral cavity or outside the oral cavity

3. The patient complains of halitosis but the patient's oral malodor is not felt by others and the halitosis diagnosis can not be made objectively. Delusional Halitosis Pseudo Halitosis

4. The patient's breath will be regarded as bad smell by other people. Delusional Halitosis Halitophobia

5. Physiologic Halitosis

6. Physiologic Halitosis (Oral Malodor) Oral malodor is caused by the presence in exhaled air of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), especially methylmercaptan [CH 3 SH) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), but also short-chain fatty acids , such as butyric, propionic, and valeric acids, and polyamines, such as putresceine and cadaverine . ADA COUNCIL ON SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS. 2003. JADA Vol.134 : Asociation Report. ADA Tonzetich J. Production and origin of oral malodor: A review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. I Periodontoi 1977 ;48:13-20. Tonzetich J. Direct gas Chromatographie analysis of sulphur compounds in mouth air in man. Arcb Oral Biol 1971;16: 587-597. Goldberg S, Kozlovsky A, Rosenberg M. Caderine as a putative component of oral malodor. J Dent Res 1994;73: 1168-tl72. Oral malodor , also known as bad breath , is a common complaint among the general population 1 VSCs = produced primarily by the action of gram-negative bacteria in gingival crevicular fluid, blood, desquamated epithelial cells, saliva and food

7. Bacteria present in the gingival pockets and the dorsum of the tongue metabolize amino acids through enzymes into volatile sulfur compounds that are exhaled. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9516975/

8. hALITOSIS Biofilm on the back of the tongue Decrease in saliva Eating foods with a strong odor Smoking or using smokeless (spit) tobacco Bacteria and plaque buildup Mouth and throat problems Problems in other areas of the body http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/bad-or-changed-breath-topic-overview https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc8173312

9. Pathologic Halitosis Periodontal infections Odontogenic infections Xerostomia Mucosal lesions

10. Extra Oral Pathologic Halitosis

11. Halitosis as a symptom of gastroenterological diseases

12. Helicobacter P ylori infection one of the most common chronic infections ( Volatil Organic Compounds) ( Volatil Sulfur Compounds) The bacterium is a Gram-negative organism inhabiting mainly the mucosa of the pre-pyloric part of the stomach and duodenum, less often the lining of the oesophagus. The bacteria may temporarily appear in the mouth of patients with coexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease produces volatile organic compounds and 2 major sulphur compounds responsible for the development of halitosis: hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942002/

13. https://ygi.or.id/sakit-maag-jangan-jangan-anda-menderita-infeksi-helicobacter-pylori/

14. Gastroesophageal Reflux D isease (GERD) GERD classification includes oesophageal and extra-oesophageal syndromes, with halitosis as one of the manifestations H alitosis coexisted with typical oesophageal symptoms of GERD, such as heartburn, regurgitation, and sour taste in the mouth. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942002/

15. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-023-5677-0

16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7373596/

17. Inflammatory bowel diseases , such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are autoimmune disorders giving mainly intestinal symptoms Increased production of volatile sulphur compounds in IBD : associated with the presence of lesions in the mouth  (aphthous ulcers, diffuse erythematous gingival hyperplasia, acute periodontitis, and xerostomia a change in intestinal permeability caused by inflammation , with the presence of VOCs in the exhaled air

18. TREATMENT APPROACH HALITOSIS

19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9516975/ TREATMENT APPROACH HALITOSIS

20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9516975/

21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9516975/

22. Scientific Research

23. Essential Oils Menthol is known for its local anesthetic and counterirritant activity Eucalyptol acts as an antibacterial and anti-fungal agent Thymol has antiseptic properties

24. Essential oil mouthrinse penetrates even the hardest-to-reach areas Gurenlian JR. The role of dental plaque biofilm in oral health. J Dent Hyg. 2007;81(5):1‐11. Marsh PD. Contemporary perspective on plaque control. Br Dent J. 2012;212(12):601‐606. Penetrates and kills bacteria down to the bottom layer, which can help maintain the oral microflora at levels compatible with health 1-2

25. Brushing + EO antimicrobal mouthwash provides a clinically significant benefit in patients within a 6-month period

26. Araujo M, Charles C, Weinstein R, et al. Meta-analysis of the effect of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse on gingivitis and plaque. J Am Dent Assoc. Manuscript ID: 539-14. RI. Brushing + EO antimicrobial mouthwash can increase your odds for having a healthier mouth after 6 months, compared to brushing and flossing alone 1