Hall Effect And Its Applications to Conductivity

Mobility of ions

1. Hall Effect

2. Hall Effect Edwin Hall in 1879 The Hall Effect describes how a voltage difference can be created in a conductor when subjected to a magnetic field. Hall Voltage The voltage produced in the Hall Effect is known as Hall voltage, which is a key parameter in various applications.

3. When a current-carrying conductor or a semiconductor is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field, a transverse voltage is produced at the right angle to the current path

4. When a conductive plate is connected to a circuit containing a DC supply, a current begins to flow. The charge carriers will follow a approximately straight, ‘line of sight’. Magnetic fields arise as a result of the movement of charge carriers while external magnetic field is absent. When the magnet is placed near the plate as a perpendicular component to the current flow, the magnetic field of the charge carriers gets distorted. This produces a disturbance in the direct flow of charge carriers. The force which deviate the direction of the flow of charge carriers is known as the Lorentz force. Here asymmetric distribution of charge density across the Hall element arises from a force that is perpendicular to both the ‘line of sight’ path and the applied magnetic field. This establishes an electric field that opposes the migration of further charge carriers and so a steady electric potential is established as result of the charge flowing for longer duration. This is called as Hall voltage (VH).

5. Application Hall Effect can be used to measure carrier concentration and magnetic field intensity. It is used to determine type of material i.e. which semiconductor (p type or n- type) or metal. It is used to calculate mobility or charge carriers, conductivity of material. Hall Effect is used for measurement of direct current, Hall Effect Tong Tester In magnetic field sensing equipment It is used in phase angle measurement In proximity detector In Hall effect Sensors and hall probes Linear or Angular displacement transducers For detecting wheel speed and accordingly assist the ABS – anti-lock braking system.