Hall sensors/working of hall sensors /hall effet ,

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what are hall , what is use ,history of hall sensors , effect etc

1. HALL SENSORS

2. What is Hall Sensor?
A Hall sensor is a transducer that
varies its output voltage in response
to a magnetic field. Hall
effect sensors are used
for proximity switching, positioning,
speed detection, and current
sensing applications.

3. Hall Effect
The Hall effect was
discovered by Edwin H. Hall
in 1879 while working on his
doctoral degree at The Johns
Hopkins University U.S.A.

4. What is Hall Effect?
The hall effect is the production
of a voltage difference across a
current carrying conductor in
presence of magnetic field,
perpendicular to both current
and the magnetic field.

5. Materials
Gallium Arsenide
Indium Arsenide
Indium Phosphide
Indium Antimonide
Graphene

6. Applications
Magnetometer
Direct current (DC) transformers
Position sensing
Automotive fuel level indicator

7. Magnetometer
Smartphones are equipped with magnetic
compass.
These compass measure earth’s magnetic
field using three axis magnetometer.
These magnetometer’s sensor based on
Hall effect.

8. Current Sensor
Hall effect sensors may be utilized for
contactless measurements of DC current
in current transformers. In such a case
the Hall effect sensor is mounted in the
gap in magnetic core around the current
conductor. As a result, the DC magnetic
flux can be measured, and the DC current
in the conductor can be calculated.

9. Position sensing in brushless DC motors
Some types of brushless DC
electric motors use Hall effect
sensors to detect the position of the
rotor and feed that information to
the motor controller. This allows
for more precise motor control.

10. Automotive fuel level indicator
The main principle of operation of such indicator is position sensing of a
floating element.
When Button magnet is mounted on the surface of a floating object. The
current carrying conductor is fixed on the top of the tank lining up with
the magnet.
As level of fuel rises, an increasing magnetic field is applied on the current
resulting in higher Hall voltage.
The fuel level is indicated and displayed by proper signal condition of Hall
voltage.

11. Advantages
Such a switch costs less than a mechanical switch and is
much more reliable.
It can be operated up to 100 kHz.
It can measure a wide range of magnetic fields
It is available that can measure either North or South
pole magnetic fields

12. Disadvantage
Hall effect sensors provide much lower
measuring accuracy than fluxgate
magnetometers or magnetoresistance-
based sensors. Moreover, Hall effect
sensors drift significantly, requiring
compensation.

13. Thank You.