Haris jayaraj Afsal hdhdhdhsksjdjsj.pptx

Dhdheh

1. WELCOME

2. TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAICS

3. CONTENT INTRODUCTION HOW PV CELLS WORK PICTURES TYPES OF PV CELLS ADVANTAGES OF PV SYSTEM DISADVANTAGES OF PV SYSTEM CHALLENGES WAYS TO IMPROVE TV CONCLUSION

4. INTRODUCTION Photoelectric effect when light falls on a material, electrons are pushed, freeing them from the surface of the solid.
Therefore, PV cells are specialized semiconductor diodes that convert visible light to DC
PV cells are arranged together to form solar array
This solar array is the main part of the SPV (solar photovoltaic) system
The solar array is connected to a battery bank through a charge controller An inverter converts the battery DC power to AC power

5. HOW PV CELLS WORK The photoelectric effect is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs when sunlight, strikes a metal surface and causes the emission of electrons from that material. Light Beams 2. Knocking Out Electrons 3. Electron Movement:

6. PICTURES Terrestrial Photovoltaics Fig 1.0 Terrestrial Photovoltaics Fig 2.0

7. TYPES OF PV CELLS Crystalline silicon cells and Thin film cells.
Crystalline silicon cells are the most common type of PV cell. They are made from pure silicon crystals grown in a controlled environment. Crystalline silicon cells are relatively efficient, with typical efficiencies of 15-20%. However, they are also the most expensive type of PV cell.
Thin film cells are made from a thin layer of semiconductor material deposited on a substrate. The most common thin film materials are cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, and amorphous silicon. Thin film cells are less efficient than crystalline silicon cells, with typical efficiencies of 10-15%. However, they are also less expensive to produce.

8. 1. SOLAR ARRAY It consists of several SPV modules
It is connected in series or parallel to generate the required power
The voltage available to the battery depends on the number of modules connected in series

9. 2. POWER CONTROLLING UNIT (PCU) It has 2 parts – charge controller & inverter Charge controller CHARGE CONTROLLER
- used to control the charging of battery bank
- it protects the battery from overcharging & reverse current flow during the night
- it is also responsible for ensuring the smooth
functioning of the battery

10. 3. BATTERY BANK It contains many storage batterie It is provided for back-up power supply during cloudy day and during nights
They are charged during the day and supplies power to the loads
The number of batteries connected in series or parallel gives the desired voltage and current

11. 4. DISTRIBUTION BOARD This board is used to distribute the AC power tapped to various loads
The loads include computer, TV, fan, light etc.

12. ADVANTAGES OF PV SYSTEM Clean and renewable Zero emission PV systems are also relatively quiet and do not require any moving parts.
Affordable

13. DISADVANTAGES OF PV SYSTEM Not always available.
PV systems also require a significant upfront investment. However, the cost of PV systems is expected to continue to fall in the future.

14. CHALLENGES Despite the rapid growth of the PV market, there are still a number of challenges that need to be addressed, including:
The high cost of PV systems.
The intermittency of solar energy.
The need for storage solutions.

15. WAYS TO IMPROVE TP There are a number of ways to improve terrestrial photovoltaics, including:
Reducing the cost of PV cells.
Developing more efficient PV cells.
Improving the storage capacity of PV systems.
Increasing the flexibility of PV systems.

16. CONCLUSION Terrestrial photovoltaics is a promising technology with the potential to provide a significant amount of clean and renewable energy. The cost of PV systems is falling, and the technology is becoming more widely available. PV systems are a viable option for a variety of applications, including grid-tied and off-grid systems.

17. THE END

18. THANK YOU