Hasjbshaoajhskn4.-The-Physical-Self.pptx

Physical self : lahsioajxhaihdsujxhsiqjbsksjb

1. THE PHYSICAL SELF

2. Outline Philosophical Perspective on Beauty Psychological Perspective on Beauty Cultural Perspectives on Beauty Body Image, Body Positivity, and Body Neutrality Body Dissatisfaction and Body Image Disorders

3. Philosophical Perspective on Beauty The two most-debated views about beauty: Beauty is objective. Beauty is subjective.

4. Beauty is Objective ST. AUGUSTINE He asked whether things were beautiful because it gave delight, or whether it gave delight because it was beautiful. He believed it to be the latter. PLATO He considered beauty as a response to love and desire. ARISTOTLE He asserted that the chief forms of beauty are order, symmetry, and definiteness that can be demonstrated by mathematical sciences.

5. Beauty is Subjective DAVID HUME “Beauty is no quality in things themselves: It exists merely in the mind which contemplates them; and each mind perceives a different beauty; and every individual ought to acquiesce in his own sentiment, without pretending to regulate those of others.” IMMANUEL KANT “The judgment of taste is therefore not a judgment of condition, and is consequently not logical but aesthetical, by which we understand that whose determining ground can be no other than subjective.”

6. Beauty is Subjective FRANCIS HUTCHESON “The perception of beauty does depend on the external sense of sight; however, the internal sense of beauty operates as an internal or reflex sense. The same is the case with hearing; hearing music does not necessarily give the perception of harmony as it is distinct from the hearing.”

7. Questions to Ponder Personally, do you think beauty is objective or subjective? Which among the aforementioned views on beauty do you agree with the most? What is the importance of being aware of our definition of beauty?

8. Psychological Perspective on Beauty COGNITIVE BIAS an error in reasoning, evaluating, remembering, or any other mental process that is often a result of holding to one’s preferences and beliefs regardless of contrary information HALO EFFECT the tendency of people to rate attractive individuals more favorably for their personality traits or characteristics as compared to those who are less attractive

9. Questions to Ponder What are other specific examples of the halo effect in action? How does the halo effect impact real-world settings?

10. Cultural Perspectives on Beauty

11. The Kayan Lahwi Many of the members of this tribe live in Myanmar. Women of this tribe are well known for wearing neck rings that are placed around the neck. They are known as “giraffe women” to tourists.

12. The Maasai The Maasai tribes of Kenya have used ear stretching to alter their appearance for centuries. They stretch their piercings by using larger and larger pieces of stone, wood, tusk, thorn and more recently, even film canisters.

13. The Mursi The Mursi tribe live in an isolated region in Ethiopia. Lip plates are more frequently worn by unmarried girls and newlywed women than by older married women with children. They are generally worn on occasions such as serving men food, milking cows, and important rituals like weddings.

14. East Asians East Asians tend to want light skin. Light skin is still frequently associated with wealth, privilege, and status in Asian countries.

15. Questions to Ponder What are the beauty standards in the Philippines? How do you feel about these standards?

16. Body Image, Body Positivity, and Body Neutrality

17. Body Image is a combination of the thoughts and feelings that we have about our body may range between positive and negative experiences, and we may feel at different times positive or negative or a combination of both is influenced by various factors

18. Question to Ponder What are some of these factors that can affect our body image?

19. Body Positivity refers to having a positive view of our physical body, regardless of its shape, size, or other appearance-related attributes.

20. Body Neutrality is different from body positivity in that it doesn't involve always loving our body but is more about being accepting of it instead of concentrating on physical appearance, with body neutrality, the focus is more on the body's abilities and non-physical characteristics

21. Questions to Ponder How do you feel about your score on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale? ( https://wwnorton.com/college/psych/psychsci/media/rosenberg.htm ) Do you think your body image has influenced your score? What’s something that you would like to tell your body?

22. TRIGGER WARNING Body image disorders, eating disorders, mention of self-harm and suicide

23. Body Dissatisfaction occurs when a person has persistent negative thoughts and feelings about their body it is an internal emotional and cognitive process but is influenced by external factors such as pressures to meet a certain appearance ideal

24. Signs of Body Dissatisfaction Repetitive dieting behavior Compulsive or excessive exercise patterns Valuing appearance as essential to self-worth Checking behaviors Spending a lot of time on appearance, hair, make-up, or clothing Consistent negative talk about themselves Self-surveillance Self-objectification Aspirational social comparison Body avoidance

25. Body Image, and Eating Disorders

26. Body Dysmorphic Disorder is a mental health problem If one has BDD, they may be so upset about the appearance of their body that it gets in the way of their ability to live normally. Many of us have what we think are flaws in our appearance, but to someone who has BDD, their reaction to this “flaw” may become overwhelming.

27. Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Constantly exercising or grooming Constantly comparing self with others Always asking other people whether they look OK Not believing other people when they say they look fine Avoiding social activities Not going out of the house, especially in the daytime Seeing many healthcare providers about their appearance Having unnecessary plastic surgeries Picking at skin with fingers or tweezers Feeling anxious, depressed, and ashamed Thinking of suicide

28. Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder If one has this problem, they may have a warped body image. They may see themselves as fat even though they have a very low body weight. With anorexia, one may use unusual eating habits to cope with stress, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

29. Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa FOOD OR WEIGHT-RELATED SYMPTOMS Altered body image Low body weight Extreme fear of becoming fat Excessive physical activity Denial of hunger Fixation with food preparation Unusual eating behaviors PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS Poor nutritional status Dehydration Being very thin Stomach pain or bloating Constipation Lethargy or fatigue Unable to handle cold temperatures Fine, downy body hair (called lanugo) Dry or yellowish skin Thinning hair Brittle nails EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS Withdrawal from social situations Loss of interest in sex Irritability Mood changes Depression

30. Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder It is characterized by uncontrolled episodes of overeating, called bingeing. This is followed by purging with methods such as vomiting or misuse of laxatives. Bingeing is eating much larger amounts of food than one would normally eat in a short period of time, usually less than two hours

31. Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa Usually a normal or above average body weight Recurrent episodes of binge eating and fear of not being able to stop eating Self-induced vomiting (usually secretive) Excessive exercise Excessive fasting Peculiar eating habits or rituals Inappropriate use of laxatives or diuretics Irregular or absence of menstruation Anxiety Discouraged feelings related to dissatisfaction with themselves and the way their body looks Depression Preoccupation with food, weight, and body shape Throat is always inflamed or sore Tiredness and decreased energy Dental problems due to erosion of enamel from vomiting

32. References Alata , E.J., Caslib , B. Jr., Serafica , J. P., & Pawilen , R. A. (2018). Understanding the self. Rex Book Store Inc. Atlas of Humanity. (n.d.). Thailand, Kayan people . https://www.atlasofhumanity.com/thailandkayan Canadian Mental Health Association, BC Division. (n.d.). Body-image, self-esteem, and mental health. Heretohelp . https://www.heretohelp.bc.ca/infosheet/body-image-self-esteem-and- mental-health Cherry, Kendra. (2022, November 7). What is self-esteem? verywellmind . https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-esteem-2795868 Cherry, Kendra. (2022, October 24). What is the halo effect? verywellmind . https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-halo-effect-2795906 Corpuz , B., Lucas, M. R., Andas , C., Dayagbil , F., & Gacasan , E.M. (2020). Understanding the self . Lorimar Publishing Inc. Fuller, Kristen MD. (June 30, 2022). Body positivity vs. body neutrality: What each one is and how a dual approach may be best. Verywellmind . https://www.verywellmind.com/body-positivity-vs-body- neutrality-5184565

33. References John Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Anorexia nervosa . https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/eating-disorders/anorexia-nervosa John Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.) Body dysmorphic disorder . https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions- and-diseases/body-dysmorphic-disorder John Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Bulimia nervosa. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and- diseases/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa Kopanja , Jelena. (2019, October 30). The Mursi tribe and lip-plates. International Cultural Diversity Organization. https://www.icdo.at/the-mursi-tribe-and-lip-plates/ Myanmar’s neck ring women. (n.d.). Al Jazeera Media Network. https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2013/9/17/myanmars-neck-ring-women National Eating Disorders Collaboration. (n.d.). Body image. https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/eating- disorders-explained/body-image/

34. References National Museums of Kenya. (n.d.). The importance of ear piercings in Kenyan communities . Google Arts and Culture. https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-importance-of-ear-piercings-in-kenyan- communities/pgLCImL1ZPThIg Otig , V., Gallinero W., Bataga N., Salado, F., & Visende , J. (2018). A holistic approach in understanding the self. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

35. DISCLAIMER This presentation is used for educational purposes only. The photos are not owned by the lecturer.