Hazardous wastes - types & sources

Sanitary Landfill and Hazardous waste management

1. Prof. M.R.Ezhilkumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
Coimbatore
[email protected]
IonlyfeelangrywhenIseewaste.
WhenIseepeoplethrowingaway
thingswecoulduse.–Mother
Teresa
1
17CE413
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
3.6 –Hazardous waste & types

2. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 2
Learning Outcomes
☼Definition of waste
☼Introduction to Hazardous wastes
☼Difference b/w Hazardous and toxic waste
☼Sources of Hazardous waste
☼Common examples of Hazardous waste
☼Types of Hazardous wastes
3.6 –Hazardous waste & types

3. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 3
Video Session

4. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 4
What is Waste
A material, substance, or by-product) eliminated or discarded as no longer
useful or required after the completion of a process.
OR
any unwanted or discarded material we produce that is may be a solid or a
liquid or gas.
It may be toxic or may be not .

5. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 5
Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste means wastes solid, sludge, liquids, and containerized gases
other than radioactive and infectious wastes which, by reason of their chemical
activity or toxic, explosive, corrosive, or other characteristics cause danger
orlikelywill cause danger to health or to the environment, whether alone or
when they come in contact with other waste.

6. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 6
Introduction
TheU.S.EPAestimatedthatU.S.factoriesreleased1.8millionmetrictons
(about2milliontons)oftoxicchemicalsintotheair,land,andsurfacewatersin
2011,includinganumberofchemicalsthatareknowncarcinogens.
IntheUnitedStateshundredsofbillionsofgallonsofgroundwaterarealso
contaminatedwithUraniumandothertoxicchemicals,andmorethan63.5million
metrictons(about70milliontons)ofradioactivewaste,whichismostlyuraniumwaste
derivedfromspentnuclearfuel,isburiedinlandfills,trenches,andunlinedtanks

7. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 7
Diff b/w Toxic & Hazardous waste
AsubstancewillbeHazardouswasteifitis
1.Reactive
2.Corrosive
3.Flammable(ignitable)
4.Toxic
Aisonlywastethatwheningestedoradsorbed,isharmfulorfataltoliving
organism
SoHazardouswastemaybesometimestoxicButtoxicwastealwaysbe
Hazardouswaste

8. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 8
Diff b/w Toxic & Hazardous waste
Toxicwasteresultsfromindustrial,chemical,andbiologicalprocesses
Sourcesofhazardouswaste
1.byproductsofindustrial,domesticactivities
2.miningsitesandmineralprocessingsites
3.agriculturalfacilitiesandresearchlaboratories
4.Allsourcesthatdischargesliquid,solidandgasthatfitthedefinitionof
Hazardouswastecanberegardedashazardouswaste.
5.agriculturallandandagroindustry
6.contiminatedsitesandbuildingmaterials

9. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 9
Diff b/w Toxic & Hazardous waste
Commonhazardouswasteinclude
1.Wasteoilandfuel
2.Solventsandthinners
3.Toxicandflammablepaintwastes
4.Chlorinatedsolvents,heavymetals,
5.Perchloratesandperoxides
6.Radioactivewasteetc.

10. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 10
Categories of Hazardous waste
Listedwastes
Characteristicwastes
Universalwastes
Mixedwastes

11. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 11
Categories of Hazardous waste
Listedwastes
WastesthatEPAhasdeterminedarehazardous.
ThelistsincludetheF-list(wastesfromcommonmanufacturingandindustrial
processes),K-list(wastesfromspecificindustries),andP-andU-lists(wastes
fromcommercialchemicalproducts)
Characteristicwastes
Wastesthatdonotmeetanyofthelistingsabovebutthatexhibitignitability,corrosivity,
reactivity,ortoxicity.

12. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 12
Categories of Hazardous waste
Universalwastes
Batteries,pesticides,mercurycontainingequipment(e.g.,thermostats)andlamps(e.g.,
fluorescentbulbs).
Mixedwastes
Wastethatcontainsbothradioactiveandhazardouswastecomponents.

13. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 13
Types of Hazardous waste
Hazardouswastemaybeoftwotypes
1.Designatedwaste(listedwaste)
2.Characteristicswaste
DesignatedWasteisonethatisspecificallylistedbyUSEPAasHazardous.
WhileCharacteristicwasteisonethatexhibitsanyoneofthecharacteristicsofignitability,
corrosiveness,reactivityandtoxicity
Or
Wastesthatdonotmeetanyofthelistingstypewastesbutthatexhibitignitability,corrosivity,
reactivity,ortoxicity.

14. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 14
Designated Waste types
EPAdesignatesmorethan450listedwasteswhicharespecificsubstancesorclassesof
substancesknowntobeHazardous,classifiedintofourgroupsORlists
1.F-typewastesfromnonspecificsources
2.K-typewastesfromspecificsources
3.P-typeacutehazardouswastes
4.U-Typemiscellaneoushazardouswastes

15. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 15
Designated Waste types
EachsubstanceineverygrouporlistisassignedanEPAhazardouswastenumber.
Forexampleinu-typelist:AcetophenoneU004
Forexampleink-typelist:Wastewatertreatmentsludgefromtheproductionofchrome
yellowandorangepigmentsK002

16. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 16
Diff b/w listing type & Characteristic waste
•ListingtypesarebasedonPedigree(e.g.,history,background,derivation)
•Characteristictypesarebasedonchemistry(e.g.,physicalproperties)

17. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 17
Listing type wastes
F-typewastes(non-specificwastes)
•Becausetheprocessesproducingthesewastescanoccurin,theF-listedwastesareknown
aswastesfromnonspecificsources.
•ForexampleThislistidentifieswastesfromcommonmanufacturingandindustrialprocesses,
suchassolventsthathavebeenusedincleaningordegreasingoperations.

18. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 18
Listing type wastes
K-list(source-specificwastes)
•Thislistincludescertainwastesfromspecificindustries,suchaspetroleumrefiningorpesticide
manufacturing.
•Certainsludgeandwastewatersfromtreatmentandproductionprocessesintheseindustries
areexamplesofsource-specificwastes.

19. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 19
Listing type wastes
P-typewastes(acutehazardouswastes)
•Wastesthathavebeenfoundtobefataltohumansinlowdoses,orcapableofcausingor
significantlycontributingtoanincreaseinseriousirreversibleorincapacitatingreversible
illness.
•ForExampleThesearemostlyspecificchemicalspeciessuchasfluorine(P056)or3-
chloropropanenitrile(P027).

20. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 20
Listing type wastes
U-typewastes(miscellaneoushazardouswastes)
•Adifferentvarietyofwastearelistedhere
•Thesearepredominantlyspecificcompoundssuchascalciumchromate(U032)orphthalic
anhydride(U190).

21. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 21
Characteristics wastes
•EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)definesthesehazardoussubstancesintermsofthe
followingcharacteristics:
Ignitability
Corrosivity
Reactivity
Toxicity

22. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 22
Characteristics wastes
•Ignitability
Ignitablesubstancesinthesewastesmaybe
Liquids
Gases
Theycatchfiredueto
Presenceofignitionsource(liquid)
Fromfrictionorcontactwithwater(nonliquids)
e.g.,ignitablecompressedgases;andoxidizers(organicperoxide)

23. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 23
Characteristics wastes
•Corrosivity
Characteristicofsubstancesthatexhibitextremesofacidityorbasicityoratendencyto
corrodesteel
e.g.,HCLetc

24. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 24
Characteristics wastes
•Reactivity
Substancesthathaveatendencytoundergoviolentchemicalchange(examplesare
explosives,pyrophoricmaterials,waterreactivesubstances,orcyanide-orsulfide-bearing
wastes)
Itisacyanideorsulfidebearingwastewhich,whenexposedtopHconditionsbetween2
and12.5,cangeneratetoxicgases,vaporsorfumesinaquantitysufficienttopresenta
dangertohumanhealthortheenvironment.

25. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 25
Characteristics wastes
•Toxicity
Substanceswhichareitselftoxicoritscompoundsaretoxice.g.,ArsenicD004

26. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 26
Types of Hazardous waste

27. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 27
Synthetic organic chemicals

28. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 28
Halogenated hydrocarbons

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Radioactive waste

30. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 30
Major types of Hazards

31. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 31
Cultural Hazards

32. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 32
Chemical Hazards

33. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 33
Chemical Hazards

34. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 34
Chemical Hazards

35. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 35
Biological Hazards

36. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 36
Physical Hazards

37. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 37
Universal waste

38. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 38
Household Hazardous waste

39. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 39
Generation

40. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 40
Health risk associated with hazardous waste

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Hazardous waste management choice

42. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 42
Hazardous waste management choice

43. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 43
Land Disposal

44. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 44
Hazardous waste management program evolution

45. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 45
Assessment Time
Review
Question
Reportthehazardouswastegenerationsourcesavailablein
Coimbatoreregion.

46. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 46