Hazards Identification And Analysis modified.ppt

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS

1. 1
Hazards Identification
And Analysis

2. 2
Module Purposes
 The
intent of this module is to provide the participant with.
1.Structured
system for identifying hazards,
2. Assessing
risks associated with those hazards,
3. Putting
in place measures to control the unacceptable
risks.
4.Review
the control measures to ensure they are effective
and
have not introduced new hazards.
This is called the Risk Management Process.

3. 3
1.Nature
of Risk.
2. Risk
Perceptions.
3.Definition
of Risk.
4.Acceptable
Risk.
5.Diffuse
Risk.
6.Uncertainties.
7.Fatal
Accidents Frequency Rate.
8.Economic
Risk Criteria.
The
Concept of Risk
.

4. 4
5
    .
Hazards
Identification Techniques
.
1.Check
Lists.
2. Hazard
Indices.
3.HAZOP.
4. Preliminary
Hazard Analysis.
5.Failure
Modes And Effects Analysis (FMEA).
6.Fault
Tree Analysis (FTA).
7.Event
Tree Analysis (ETA).

5. 5
Challenges
Such As Innovations
,
1.Applications,
2.Case-histories,
3.Cost-reduction,
4.Changes
in the legislative framework.
5.Increasing
inspection costs.
6.Hazard
identification techniques,
7. HAZOP
analysis.
8. Risk
Assessment.

6. 6
Risk Management Process
•Identifying a
hazard,
•Assessing
the risk,
•Control
measures,
•Reviewing

7. 7
Risk Management Process
Hazards
surround us in every aspect of our lives.
1.The
air we breath,
2. The
food we eat,
3. The
places we live in,
4. Through
to the most hazardous sport, occupation or
location
we can think of.
5. Almost
every aspect of life has a hazard attached to it.

8. 8
Accident
Theories
Single Factor Theory.
•An
accident is the result of a single cause.
•Can
be identified and eliminated.
•The
accident will not be repeated.
•Theory
not accepted.

9. 9
Single Factor Theory
Example:
A
person in a hurry walks through a poorly lit area and trips
over
a piece of wood
.
Single Factor Theory Solution:
Remove
the offending piece of wood to solve the problem
.
The
reality is that accidents always have more than one
contributing
facto
.

10. 10
Multiple Factor Theory
an
accident occurs when a number of factors act together to
cause
an accident.
Was
there a necessity for that person to walk in that area or
was
there a safer route.
  

If
the person was not in a hurry would they have been more
aware
of their surroundings and avoided the wood.
the

area
was better lit would the person have avoided the
wood.
.    
Could the wood have been removed.

11. 11
Domino Effect:
  Social EnvironmentThose
conditions which make us take or
accept
risks.
Undesirable Human TraitAnger,
carelessness, tiredness, lack of
understanding,
un-attention.
Unsafe Acts or ConditionsHazardous
environment
The Accident The
accident occurs when the above events
combine)
to cause something to go wrong
The Injury Injury
occurs when the person sustains
damage.

12. 12
Anatomy
of an Incident
•Toxicity.
•Flammability..
•Reactivity
•High
pressure.
•Asphyxiation.
Normal
Operation
Imitating
Event
Process
Deviation
Mechanical
Failure
,
Operator
Error,External

Force,Fouling,
etc
•Pump
Fails.
•Valve
Left Open.
•Pipe
Brakes.
•Inadvertent
Mixing.
Beyond
Standard
Operating
Limits
•No
flow.
•High
Pressure.
•Low
Level.
•Etc.
Accidental
Event
Impact
•Alarms.
•Interlocks.
•Emergency
Relief.
•Operator

Intervention.
•Ignition
Source
Control
•Emergency
Response.
•Fire
Protection System.
•Containment.
•Barricade.
•Fog/Water
Curtain


WHAT-IF

HAZOP

FEMA

Hazards
Protection
Mitigation
Loss
of containment of
process
material or
energy
•Toxic
Release.
•Fire.
•Vessel
Rupture.
•Acid
Spill.

13. 13
What
Is an Accident
?
•An
unintended happening, mishap.
•Most
often an accident is any unplanned
event
that results in personal injury or in
property
damage.
•The
failure of people, equipment, supplies
or
surroundings to behave or react as
expected
causes most accidents.

14. 14
Accident
Investigation
•Will
determine how and why of failures.
•Examine
possible corrective action.
•Aid
in the accident prevention and
elimination
of a clearly identified hazard.
•Most
important-
Investigation is not
intended to place blame.

15. 15
The
Three Basic Causes
Poor
Management Safety Policy & Decisions
Personal
Factors
Environmental
Factors
Unsafe
Act
Unsafe
Condition
Unplanned
release of energy
and/or
Hazardous
material
Basic Causes
Indirect Causes
D
irect C
auses
ACCIDENTACCIDENT
Personal Injury
Property Damage

16. 16
The
Accident
An
unplanned and UNWELCOMED event
which
interrupts normal activity
.

17. 17
The
Accident


They
all have outcomes from the accident

18. 18
The
Accident


They
all have contributory factors that cause
the
accident

19. 19
Outcomes
Of Accidents
•

Negative
aspects
–Death
& injury
–Disease
–Damage
to equipment & property
–Litigation
costs
–Lost
productivity

20. 20
Outcomes
Of Accidents
•

Positive
aspects
–Accident
investigation
–Change
to safety programs

21. 21
Contributing
Factors
•Environmental
•Design
•Systems
& procedures
•Human
BEHAVIOUR

22. 22
Contributing
Factors
•Environmental
–Noise
–Vapors,
fumes,
dust
–Light
–Heat
–Critters

23. 23
Contributing
Factors
•Design
–Workplace
layout
–Design
of tools &
equipment

24. 24
Contributing
Factors
•Systems
&procedures
–Lack
of systems &
procedures
–Inappropriate
systems
&
procedures

25. 25
Contributing
Factors
•Human

BEHAVIOUR
–Common
to all accidents
–Not
limited to the person
involved
in the accident

26. 26
Who
Should Investigate
•Dependent
on
severity
of the
accident
–Investigation
team
•Individuals
involved
•Supervisor
•Safety
supervisor
•Upper
management
•Outside
consultants

27. 27
Investigation
Strategy
•Gather
information &
establish
facts
•Isolate
essential
contributory
factors
•Determine
corrective
actions
•Implement
corrective
actions

28. 28
Investigation
Strategy
•Fact
gathering
–Be
impartial & objective
–Compile
procedures & rules for the area
–Gather
maintenance records on equipment
involved

29. 29
Investigation
Strategy
•Fact
gathering (continued)
–Isolate
accident scene
–Photos
& diagrams
–Do
not discard or destroy anything

30. 30
Investigation
Strategy
•FACT
GATHERING (CONTINUED)
–TIME
IS OF THE ESSENCE
–OBTAIN
INFORMATION
•INJURED
•WITNESSES
•SUPERVISORS
•OTHER
PERSONNEL

31. 31
Investigation
Strategy
•Fact
gathering (continued)
–Interviews
(separately)
•What
were you doing?
•How
do you think the accident occurred?
•How
were you trained for the job?
•What
is the safety procedure for this job?

32. 32
Investigation
Strategy
•Fact
gathering (continued)
–Obtain
facts not opinions
–Make
it clear the object of the investigation is
to
avoid recurrence, not to apportion blame

33. 33
Investigation
Strategy
•Isolate
essential contributory factors
–Investigation
team
•Evaluates
all factors concerned

34. 34
Investigation
Strategy
•Isolate
essential contributory factors.
–Investigation
team.
•Isolates
the key factor(s) by asking the following
question....

35. 35
Investigation
Strategy



Would
the accident have happened if this
particular
factor was not present
?

36. 36
Investigation
Strategy
•Determine
corrective actions
–Investigation
team
•Interprets
& draws conclusion
•Distinction
between intermediate & underlying
causes

37. 37
Investigation
Strategy
•Determine
corrective actions
–Investigation
team
•Recommendations
based on key contributory factors
and
underlying causes

38. 38
Investigation
Strategy
•Implement
corrective actions
–Investigation
team
•Recommendation(s)
must be communicated clearly
•Strict
time table established
•Follow
up conducted

39. 39
Benefits
Of Accident
Investigation
•Preventing
recurrence
•Identifying
out-MODED procedures
•Improvements
to work environment

40. 40
Benefits
Of Accident
Investigation
•Increased
productivity
•Improvement
of operational & safety
procedures
•Raises
safety awareness level

41. 41
Benefits
Of Accident
Investigation


When
an organization reacts swiftly and
POSTIVELY
to accidents and injuries, its
actions
reaffirm its commitment to the
safety
and well-being of its employees

42. 42
Investigation
Activities
Flow
Chart
Collect
Factors
Analysis
Facts
Integrate
evidence
Make
recommendations
Draw
Conclusions
Validate
conclusions
•Witnesses
•Physical
evidence
•Sketches
•Photographs
•Records &
documentation
•Medical
evidence
•Casual
factors
•Change
•Fault tree
•Root cause
analysis
•Cause tree
•Findings
•Probable
causes
•Judgements
of need
•Evidence
matrices

43. 43
Common
elements in the
development
of an accident
(unsafe act l
Declalon)
Triggering
Event
BANG

factors
Personal
Error
Work
Conditions
Performance
Shaping

Factors
”psfs;
No
support
for
recovery
Inadequate
Barrier
Error
Tendencies

44. Effat
Tohamy
44
Human
contribution to
accidents
Accident
ERROR
BARRIERS
Triggering
Event
Management
system
failures
(latent)
Unsafe
act/
decision
(Active)
Defense-in-depth

45. 45
Root
Cause Analysis
Root
Causes
Latent
Failures
Pre-
conditions
Unsafe
Act
Incident
Active
Failures
Breached

Barriers

46. 46
Types
of human error
ERRORS
United
Actions
Intended
Actions
Slips
Attention
failures
Lapses

Memory
failures
Mistakes
Violations
Skill
Based
Rule
Based
Knowledge
Based
Routine
Exceptional

47. 47
Collect
Data
Examine
records
Visit
scene
Interview
persons
Physical
evidence
Medical
evidence
Sketches
Photos
1.
Collect Facts
Investigative
skills
and
Techniques
2. ANALYSE
FACTS
Analytical
Skills
and
Techniques
3.
ESTABLISH CAUSES
Fault
tree analysis
Events
& Causal Factors
Cause
Tree Analysis
MORT
5.
IMPLEMENT, MONITOR
AND
REVIEW
4.
DRAW CONCLUSIONS
&
RECOMMENDATIONS
(TO
prevent recurrence)
Inductive/
Detective
Techniques
Synthesis
&
Communication
Skills

48. 48
material
machine
environment
Man
management
manual
performance
T
A
S
K
Hazard control
it means control the interaction between the
4Ms &E and the task performed

49. 49
material
machine
environment
Man
management
manual
performance
T
A
S
K
A
C
I
D
E
N
T
An accident causes the work system to
break down

50. 50
Accident
Unplanned
event that results in
injury
to,or
ill

health
of
people
or
damage
to or

loss
of
:
• property.
•Material.
•Plant.
•Environment.
•Loss
of business opportunity
.

51. 51

52. 52
Important Of Risk Management
•The
absence of accidents does not necessarily
mean
there are no hazards.
• A
risk management process must be adopted and
repeated
at regular intervals.
•to
ensure all hazards have been identified,
•the
risks assessed and adequate measures to
control
those risks are in place.

53. 53
Initiation
of a Risk Management
Program
Is Clearly the
Responsibility
of Management
Whilst
the Employees Role Is One
of
Support and Assistance
 

54. 54
Principles Of Risk
Management.
A HAZARD.
Is
defined as anything, which may cause
harm,
injury, or ill health to a person
.

55. 55
Previous Accident Reports:
Location
Machine

Person

Age
of Person
Time
of Day    
.
Day of Week
·       
Part of Body
·       
Severity of Injury
·       
Occupation

56. 56
Physical Inspection Of The
Workplace.
Brainstorming.
Knowledge Of Employees.
Trade Journals.
OSHA PUBLICATIONS.
Manufacturers’ Instruction Books.
SAFETY ALERTS.
Ask, ‘What If.

57. 57
Risk Assessment
Risk
assessment is the process of
.
1. evaluating
a hazard.
2. to
determine the level of action required.
3. to
reduce a risk to an acceptable level.


When
evaluating the risks imposed by a hazard one
should
consider both the.
likelihood
and
consequences.

58. 58
Likelihood
     

Very Likely
  

Likely

    
Unlikely
Highly Unlikely
 

•Could
happen frequently.
•Could
happen occasionally.
•Could
happen, but only rarely.
•could
happen but probably
never
will.

59. 59
Likelihood
Very RareOnce
per year or less
RareA
few times per year
UnusualOnce
per month
OccasionalOnce
per week
FrequentDaily
ContinuousConstant

60. 60
CONSEQUENCE
S
LIKELIHOOD
Very
likely
LikelyUnlikelyHighly
Unlikel
y
Fatality
High High High Medium
Major injuries
High High Medium Medium
Minor injuries
High Medium Medium Low
Negligible
injuries
Medium Medium Low Low

61. 61
Hierarchy Of Control
1.    
Elimination
2.    
Substitution
3.    
Isolation
4.    
Engineering Controls
5.    
Administrative Controls
6.    
Provide Personal Safety Devices