HAZARDS, VULNERABILTY AND DISASTER RISKS.ppt

HAZARDS, VULNERABILTY AND DISASTER RISKS.ppt

1. HAZARDS, VULNERABILTY AND
DISASTER RISKS
UNIT 1

2. What is a Disaster?
•Anyoccurrencethatcausesdamage,
ecologicaldisruption,lossofhuman
life,deteriorationofhealthandhealth
servicesonascalesufficienttowarrantan
extraordinaryresponsefromoutsidethe
affectedcommunity(or)area.

4. What is a Hazard?
•Any dangerous phenomenon,
substance,human activity(or)
conditionthatmaycauselossoflife,
injury(or)otherhealthimpacts,
propertydamage.

5. What is Vulnerability?
•Vulnerabilityreferstothecharacteristics
andcircumstancesofacommunity,
system(or)assetthatmakeit
susceptibletothedamagingeffectsof
ahazard.

6. What is Resilience?
•Resilienceistheabilityofasystem,
community orsocietyexposedto
hazardstoresist,absorb,accommodateto
andrecoverfromtheeffectsofahazard
inatimelyandefficientmanner,
includingthroughthepreservationand
restorationofitsessentialbasicstructures
andfunctions.

7. What is Risk?
•Itisameasureoftheexpectedlossesdue
toahazardouseventofaparticular
magnitudeoccurringinagivenareaovera
specifictimeperiod.Thelevelofrisk
dependson
–Natureofthehazard
–Vulnerabilityoftheaffectedelements
–Economicvalueoftheaffectedelements

8. What is Capacity?
•Thecombinationofallthestrengths,
attributesandresourcesavailablewithin
anorganization,communityorsocietyto
manageandreducedisasterrisksand
strengthenresilience.

10. Key Concept
•Ahazardturnsintoadisasterwhenthe
people,potentiallyinthedangerzoneare
vulnerableanddonothavethecapacityto
copewiththeimpactofthehazard.
•Forthesakeofunderstandingtheconnection
betweenhazard(H),disaster(D),
vulnerability(V)andcapacity(C)isgivenas

11. Contd…

12. Types of Disasters
•On the basis of their causes, disasters can be
broadly classified into
•Natural Disasters
–Amajoreventbroughtaboutbythenatural
processesoftheEarththatcauseswidespread
destructiontotheenvironmentandlossoflife
•Man-made Disasters
–Human-induceddisastersareverydangerous
catastrophescausedbyhumans.Theyare
causedbyhumanactivity.

13. Natural Disasters
•Therearemanynaturaldisasters.Theycanbegroupedinto
differentcategoriesbasedonspecificcriteria:

14. •GeologicalDisasters
–Geologicaldisastersarecatastrophiceventsthatariseasa
resultofchangesintheearth,eitherabovethesurfaceor
belowthesurface.
•HydrologicalDisasters
–HydrologicalDisastersaredescribedasasuddenandviolent
eventcausedduetothechangeinthequality,distributionor
movementofwaterbelowthesurfaceorintheatmosphere.
•MeteorologicalDisasters
–MeteorologicalDisastersareusuallycausedbyextreme
weathersuchasrain,snowordrought.Theseaffectthe
earth’satmosphereandtheweather-formingprocess.

15. •SpaceDisasters
–Spacedisastersprimarilyincludesolarflares,impact
eventsandairburstevents.

16. Man Made Disasters
•Aka Anthropogenic Disasters
•Classified into
•Sociological Hazards
–Crime
–Arson
–Civil disorder
–Terrorism
–War

17. Contd…
•Technological hazards
–Industrial hazards
–Structural collapse
–Power outage
–Fire
–Deforestation
•Hazardous materials
–Radiation Contamination
–Oil spill

18. Examples
•The Bhopal Gas Tragedy
•Hiroshima and Nagasaki

19. Earthquake
•Causedbysuddenshift(or)movementdeep
undergroundintheEarth’stectonicplates,
causingtheEarth’scrusttoshakeviolently,
withvibrationsvaryinginmagnitude.
•CanalsocauseotherdisasterslikeTsunami
andvolcaniceruptions
•Seismometerscandetectthestrengthofan
earthquake

20. Terms Related to Earthquake
•In1935,CharlesRichterfirstdefinedlocalmagnitude,
andtheRichterscaleiscommonlyusedtodayto
describeanearthquake'smagnitude.

21. Contd…
•The2001,GujaratEarthquakemeasuring7.7
onthemomentmagnitudescale

22. Landslide
•Itisadownward(or)outwardmovement
ofsoil,rockundertheinfluenceofgravity
causedbyeithernaturalphenomena(or)
humanactivity.

23. Causes

24. Types of landslide

25. Contd…

26. Contd…

27. Minimization of landslide

28. Contd…

29. Contd…

30. Contd…