HCl industrial preparation

This will help you in the commercial preparation of Hydrochloric acid.

1. Commercial Production of HYDROCHLORIC Acid By Mr. Muhammad Ullah Afridi Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar.

2. Hc l industrial preparation

3. Contents Introduction History Production Process Applications Health Safety and Environment

4. introduction Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless, highly pungent, highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. Hydrochloric acid is found naturally in gastric acid. About 20 million tonnes of hydrochloric acid are produced worldwide annually. Hydrochloric acid is a versatile chemical used in a variety of chemical processes, including hydrometallurgical processing (e. g., Production of alumina and titanium dioxide), chlorine dioxide synthesis, hydrogen production, activation of petroleum wells. Also known as muriatic acid, H Cl is used by masons to clean finished brick work, is also a common ingredient in many reactions, and is the preferred acid for catalyzing organic processes.

5. Production PROCESSES Hydrochloric acid may be manufactured by several different processes, although over 90 percent of the HCl produced in the world is a byproduct of the chlorination reaction. Organic by-product synthesis. Metallic chlorides with sulfuric acid. Waste incineration. Thermal decomposition of hydrated heavy metals

6. Organic byproduct synthesis Hydrochloric acid is made during chlorination of organic products as follows: RH +Cl 2 →R C l + HCl H ydrochloric acid is also made during fluorination of chlorinated organic products to manufacture (hydro) chlorofluorocarbons as follows: RCl + HF → RF + HCl where RCl stands for chloroform, trichloro ethane, etc and RF stands for (hydro) chlorofluorocarbons.

7. Sulfuric acid method HCl is generally made in industries by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt NaCl. 1) NaCl +H 2 S0 4 ------> NaHSO 4 +HCl 2) NaHSO 4 +NaCl -------> Na 2 S O 4 + HCl These reactions may be carried out by heating the mixture of salt and sulfuric acid either in an "open roaster," or in a muffle or "close roaster." These are both called "salt-cake furnaces."

8. Organic waste incineration Hydrochloric acid is made during incineration, at high temperatures, of chlorinated wastes as follows. HCCl=CCl 2 + 3.5O 2 + CH 4 3CO 2 + 3HCl + H 2 HCCl=CCl 2 + 1.5O 2 + H 2 O 2CO 2 + 3HCl C 4 H 6 Cl 2 + 5O 2 4CO 2 + 2HCl

9. Thermal decomposition of hydrated heavy metal chlorides HCl is also produced by thermal decomposition of hydrated heavy metal chlorides from spent pickle liquor in metal treatment as : 2FeCl 3 + 6H 2 O Fe 2 O 3 + 3H 2 O + 6HCl

10. Burner Process Chlorine and hydrogen react exothermally to form hydrogen chloride gas as follows: C l₂ + H₂ → 2HC l Both gases pass through a burner nozzle, and are ignited inside a graphite combustion chamber, which is cooled by water. The hydrogen chloride gas produced is cooled, and absorbed into water to give hydrochloric acid at the desired concentration C l ₂ (g) + H ₂ ( g ) → 2HC l (l) H 2 O

11. Applications of HC l For pickling steel For the manufacturing of PVC pipes For the production of compounds that used in waste water treatment For manufacturing of dyes and fertilizers it is used in textile and rubber industries

12. Health Safety & Environment Personal protective equipment such as latex gloves, protective eye goggles, and chemical-resistant clothing and shoes will minimize risks when handling hydrochloric acid. The united states environmental protection agency rates and regulates hydrochloric acid as a toxic substance. The UN number or DOT number is 1789. This number will be displayed on a placard on the container