Health and wellness presentation in epidemolgy

Its about health and wellness

1. Unit-II Concept of Health & Disease

2. Presented by... Nouman Haider Naeem Ismail Afia Shahid Shakeela Bibi Usama Shabir Rida Kainat

3. Objectives : At the end of this presentation the student will be able to: Discuss the terms of Health, Disease, Well being. Describe the concept of causation. Understand the Health indicator.

4. CONCEPT OF HEALTH Health is evolved over the centuries. Changing concept of health till now are: Biomedical concept Ecological concept Psychosocial concept Holistic concept

5. BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT Traditionally, health has been viewed as an “absence of disease”, and if one was free from disease, then the person was considered healthy. This concept has the basis in the “germ theory of disease”. The medical profession viewed the human body as a machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown of the machine and one of the doctor’s task as repair of the machine.

6. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT From ecological point of view; health is viewed as a dynamic equilibrium between human being and environment, and disease a maladjustment of the human organism to environment. According to Dubos “Health implies the relative absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous adaptation and adjustment to the environment to ensure optimal function.”

7. PSYCHOSOCIAL CONCEPT According to psychosocial concept “health is not only biomedical phenomenon, but is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors of the people concerned.”

8. HOLISTIC CONCEPT This concept is the synthesis of all the above concepts. It recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and environmental influences on health. It described health as a multi dimensional process involving the wellbeing of whole person in context of his environment .

9. Defination Of Health Health It is a state of complete physical , mental and social wellbeing and ability to function and not merely absence of disease or infirmity but also the ability to lead a socially and economically productive life

10. WHAT IS Health? “A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” WHO. (1948).

11. RISK FACTORS & DETERMINANTS Risk Factor is any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. Some examples of the more important risk factors are underweight, unsafe sex, high blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Determinant of Health: Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities .

12. determinants of health The determinants of health include: Socio- economic Physical Person’s individual characteristics & behaviours.

13. Communities Individuals Families Societies Health Genetics & Biological Behavioral Environmental Socio- Economic Health Service System Socio-Cultural Aging of the population Science and Technology Information & communication Gender Equity and social justice Human Right DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

14. Well-being "Well-being is a subjective perception of vitality (energy) and feeling well..... can be described objectively, experienced, and measured and can be plotted ( design) on a continuum". It is a component of health.

15. CONCEPT OF WELLBEING Wellbeing of an individual or group of individuals have several components and has been expressed in various ways, such as ‘standard of living’ or ‘level of living’ and ‘quality of live’.

16. WELLBEING Wellbeing of an individual or group of individuals have objective (standard of living or level of living) and subjective (quality of life) components. Thus, a distinction is drawn between the concept of ‘level of living’ consisting of objective criteria and of ‘quality of life’ comprising the individual’s own subjective evaluation of these.

17. TWO ASPECTS OF HEALTH Subjective: It is formed by sensations and feelings of a person suffering from disease. Objective: Its basis is formed by objective parameters obtained by measurement of structures and functions of a person during disease. The quality of life can be evaluated by assessing the persons subjective feeling of happiness or unhappiness about the various life concerns.

18. Wellness & Well-Being Wellness further describes health status. It allows health to be placed on a continuum from one’s optimal level (“wellness”) to a maladaptive state (“illness”)

19. Wellness Wellness is a dynamic process that is ever changing. The well person usually has some degree of illness and the ill person usually has some degree of wellness.

20. Cont… The classic description of wellness was developed by Dunn in the early 1960s. According to Dunn (1961), high-level wellness means functioning to one’s maximum health potential while remaining in balance with the environment.

21. Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Health-Illness Continuum Measure person’s perceived level of wellness Health and illness/disease opposite ends of a health continuum Move back and forth (forward) within this continuum day by day Wide ranges of health or illness

22. Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Dimensions of Wellness

23. 1. Physical The ability to carry out daily tasks, achieve fitness (e.g. pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal), maintain adequate nutrition and proper body fat, avoid abusing drugs and alcohol or using tobacco products, and generally to practice positive lifestyle habits.

24. 2. Social. The ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment

25. 3. Emotional. The ability to manage stress and to express emotions appropriately, Emotional wellness involves the ability to recognize, accept, and express feelings.

26. 4. Intellectual. The ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, and career development

27. 5. Spiritual. The belief in some force (nature, science, religion, or a higher power) that serves to unite human beings and provide meaning and purpose of life

28. 6. Occupational. The ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure time, A person's beliefs about education, employment, and home influence personal satisfaction and relationships with others.

29. 7. Environmental . The ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community

30. CONCEPT OF DISEASE Webster defines disease as “a condition in which body health is impaired, a departure from a state of health, an alteration of the human body interrupting the performance of vital functions”. The oxford English Dictionary defines disease as “ a condition of the body or some part or organ of the body in which its functions are disturbed or deranged”.

31. CONCEPT OF DISEASE Ecological point of view disease is defined as “a maladjustment of the human organism to the environment.” The simplest definition is that disease is just the opposite of health: i.e. any deviation from normal functioning or state of complete physical or mental well-being.

32. Distinction between Disease, Illness and Sickness The term disease literally means “without ease” (uneasiness), when something is wrong with bodily function. Illness refers to the presence of a specific disease, and also to the individual’s perceptions and behavior in response to the disease, as well as the impact of that disease on the psychosocial environment. Sickness refers to a state of social dysfunction.

33. Distinction between Disease, Illness and Sickness Disease is a physiological/psychological dysfunction. Illness is a subjective state of the person who feels aware of not being well. Sickness is a state of social dysfunction i.e. a role that the individual assumes when ill (sickness role).

34. MODELS/THEORIES OF DISEASE CAUSATION Human disease results from an interaction of the Host Agent Environment Disease causation is usually described in terms of four models: Germ theory Epidemiologic Triad Wheel of Causation Web of Causation