health communication for HCWs in 21stcentury.ppt

This presentation discusses hoe the HCWs improve their communication skills in the present era.

1. Health Communication in Health Communication in
the 21the 21
stst
Century Century
Kevin B. WrightKevin B. Wright
Lisa SparksLisa Sparks
H. Dan O’HairH. Dan O’Hair

2. Overview of Communication Overview of Communication
and Healthand Health
Chapter OneChapter One

3. Overview of Communication and Overview of Communication and
HealthHealth

Arguments for the need to study health Arguments for the need to study health
communication.communication.

U.S. spends over $1 trillion per year on U.S. spends over $1 trillion per year on
healthcare.healthcare.

Over half of all U.S. deaths can be Over half of all U.S. deaths can be
attributed to preventable behavioral and attributed to preventable behavioral and
social factors (e.g. diet, exercise, etc.)social factors (e.g. diet, exercise, etc.)

Lack of health maintenance behaviors in Lack of health maintenance behaviors in
U.S. linked to mortality rates.U.S. linked to mortality rates.

4. Overview of Communication and Overview of Communication and
Health Health

Arguments for the need to study health Arguments for the need to study health
communication.communication.

The majority of health campaigns in the The majority of health campaigns in the
U.S. have only had limited success in terms U.S. have only had limited success in terms
of influencing health behaviors.of influencing health behaviors.

The rise of global health issues, terrorism, The rise of global health issues, terrorism,
and other concerns.and other concerns.

The increased use of new technologies in The increased use of new technologies in
health care.health care.

5. Overview of Communication and Overview of Communication and
Health Health

Defining health communication.Defining health communication.

World Health Organization defines health is a state World Health Organization defines health is a state
of completed physical, mental, and social well-of completed physical, mental, and social well-
being.being.

Communication is more difficult to define, but it Communication is more difficult to define, but it
possess characteristics such as a sender, receiver, possess characteristics such as a sender, receiver,
message, channel. Health communication can be message, channel. Health communication can be
assessed at many levels (interpersonal, assessed at many levels (interpersonal,
organizational, mass, etc.). organizational, mass, etc.).

6. A Brief History of Health A Brief History of Health
Communication ResearchCommunication Research

7. History of Health Communication History of Health Communication
ResearchResearch

Early research in the communication Early research in the communication
discipline began in the 1960’sdiscipline began in the 1960’s

Korsch & Negrete’s (1972) “Doctor-Korsch & Negrete’s (1972) “Doctor-
Patient Communication” is often cited Patient Communication” is often cited
as the founding article.as the founding article.

ICA formed the health communication ICA formed the health communication
division in 1975.division in 1975.

8. History of Health Communication History of Health Communication
ResearchResearch

The journal The journal Health CommunicationHealth Communication was first was first
published in 1989.published in 1989.

The The Journal of Health CommunicationJournal of Health Communication was first was first
published in 1996.published in 1996.

Since the 1990’s health communication Since the 1990’s health communication
continues to grow and diversify.continues to grow and diversify.

There are now many regional, national, and There are now many regional, national, and
international health communication international health communication
associations and conferences.associations and conferences.

9. Current Challenges to the Current Challenges to the
U.S. Healthcare SystemU.S. Healthcare System
Role of Health Communication Role of Health Communication
Research Research

10. Current Challenges/Role of Current Challenges/Role of
Health Communication ResearchHealth Communication Research

Aging populationAging population

Cultural diversity and healthcareCultural diversity and healthcare

Tension between traditional and new Tension between traditional and new
approachesapproaches

Biomedical modelBiomedical model

Biopsychosocial modelBiopsychosocial model

11. Current Challenges/Role of Current Challenges/Role of
Health Communication ResearchHealth Communication Research

Funding for health researchFunding for health research

Changes to health insurance and Changes to health insurance and
managed caremanaged care

The impact of new technologies on The impact of new technologies on
healthcarehealthcare

12. Provider-Patient InteractionProvider-Patient Interaction
Chapter TwoChapter Two

13. Provider and Patient Views of Provider and Patient Views of
Health and HealthcareHealth and Healthcare

Provider perspectiveProvider perspective

Provider trainingProvider training

Provider communication skills trainingProvider communication skills training

Challenges providers face in healthcare Challenges providers face in healthcare
deliverydelivery

Rising costs of healthcare and competitionRising costs of healthcare and competition

Impact of managed care on provider-Impact of managed care on provider-
patient communicationpatient communication

14. Provider and Patient Views of Provider and Patient Views of
Health and HealthcareHealth and Healthcare

Provider perceptions of patients and Provider perceptions of patients and
communicationcommunication

General perceptionsGeneral perceptions

Assessing patient cuesAssessing patient cues

15. Patient PerspectivePatient Perspective

Patient socializationPatient socialization

Everyday experiencesEveryday experiences

Mass mediaMass media

Patient perceptions and expectationsPatient perceptions and expectations

Patient uncertaintyPatient uncertainty

Problematic integration theory (Babrow, Problematic integration theory (Babrow,
2001)2001)

Patient needs and goalsPatient needs and goals

16. Provider-Patient InteractionProvider-Patient Interaction

Communication accommodation theory Communication accommodation theory
(Giles, Mulac, Bradac, & Johnson, 1987)(Giles, Mulac, Bradac, & Johnson, 1987)

DivergenceDivergence

ConvergenceConvergence

OveraccommodationOveraccommodation

UnderaccommodationUnderaccommodation

17. Provider-Patient InteractionProvider-Patient Interaction

Characteristics of problematic provider-Characteristics of problematic provider-
patient communicationpatient communication

Provider workload/time constraintsProvider workload/time constraints

Questions, directives, blockingQuestions, directives, blocking

Relational control/provider dominanceRelational control/provider dominance

18. Improving Provider-Patient Improving Provider-Patient
CommunicationCommunication

Addressing patient concernsAddressing patient concerns

Recognizing provider perspectives and Recognizing provider perspectives and
needsneeds

19. Outcomes of Provider-Patient Outcomes of Provider-Patient
CommunicationCommunication

Satisfaction with healthcareSatisfaction with healthcare

Adherence to treatmentAdherence to treatment

Physical and psychological health Physical and psychological health
outcomesoutcomes

20. Communication and Medical Communication and Medical
Malpractice LawsuitsMalpractice Lawsuits

Rise and cost of medical malpractice Rise and cost of medical malpractice
litigationlitigation

Provider-patient communication and Provider-patient communication and
medical malpractice litigationmedical malpractice litigation

21. Caregiving and Caregiving and
CommunicationCommunication
Chapter ThreeChapter Three

22. CaregivingCaregiving

Caregiver rolesCaregiver roles

Caregiving and changes in relationshipsCaregiving and changes in relationships

Communication issues surrounding Communication issues surrounding
symptom managementsymptom management

Communication challenges associated Communication challenges associated
with caregivingwith caregiving

Willingness to communicate concernsWillingness to communicate concerns

Communication of emotional supportCommunication of emotional support

23. Hospice and Palliative CareHospice and Palliative Care

History of hospice and palliative careHistory of hospice and palliative care

Dame Cicely Saunders—founder of hospice Dame Cicely Saunders—founder of hospice
movementmovement

Hospice services and careHospice services and care

Barriers to hospice careBarriers to hospice care

Palliative carePalliative care

PalliationPalliation refers to any treatment, care, or support refers to any treatment, care, or support
that relieves symptoms and sufferingthat relieves symptoms and suffering

Barriers to palliative careBarriers to palliative care

24. Attitudes Towards Death and Attitudes Towards Death and
DyingDying

Communicating with others about Communicating with others about
death and dyingdeath and dying

Advanced care directivesAdvanced care directives

Coping with the death of a loved oneCoping with the death of a loved one

Reactions to griefReactions to grief

Organ donationOrgan donation

25. Social Support and HealthSocial Support and Health
Chapter FourChapter Four

26. Types and Functions of Social Types and Functions of Social
SupportSupport

Types of supportTypes of support

Instrumental supportInstrumental support

Emotional supportEmotional support

Esteem or appraisal supportEsteem or appraisal support

Informational supportInformational support

Proactive and reactive supportProactive and reactive support

Positive and negative functions of Positive and negative functions of
supportsupport

27. Models of Social Support and Models of Social Support and
HealthHealth

Stress and healthStress and health

Physiological processesPhysiological processes

Stress and negative health outcomesStress and negative health outcomes

Stress and social supportStress and social support

Buffering model (Cohen & Wills, 1985)Buffering model (Cohen & Wills, 1985)

Direct effects model (Aneshensel & Stone, Direct effects model (Aneshensel & Stone,
1982)1982)

28. Models of Social Support and Models of Social Support and
HealthHealth

Coping strategies and health outcomesCoping strategies and health outcomes

Problem-focused copingProblem-focused coping

Emotional-focused copingEmotional-focused coping

Avoidance-focused copingAvoidance-focused coping

29. Perceptions of Support ProvidersPerceptions of Support Providers

Social comparison theory (Festinger, Social comparison theory (Festinger,
1954) and social support1954) and social support

Lateral comparisonsLateral comparisons

Upward comparisonsUpward comparisons

Downward comparisonsDownward comparisons

Reciprocity and social supportReciprocity and social support

UnderbenefittedUnderbenefitted

OverbenefittedOverbenefitted

30. Strong Tie Versus Weak Tie Strong Tie Versus Weak Tie
Support NetworksSupport Networks

Theory of weak ties (Granovetter, 1973)Theory of weak ties (Granovetter, 1973)

Communicating about illness in weak Communicating about illness in weak
tie vs. strong tie networkstie vs. strong tie networks

31. The Role of Communication in The Role of Communication in
the Social Support Processthe Social Support Process

Cognitive complexity and support provision Cognitive complexity and support provision
(Burleson, 1994)(Burleson, 1994)

Cognitive complexity and comforting Cognitive complexity and comforting
messagesmessages

Interactive nature of support provision Interactive nature of support provision
(Barbee, 1990)(Barbee, 1990)

Solve person’s problemSolve person’s problem

Support person emotionallySupport person emotionally

Dismiss person’s problemDismiss person’s problem

Escape from dealing with issueEscape from dealing with issue

32. Support Groups for People with Support Groups for People with
Health ConcernsHealth Concerns

Prevalence of support groupsPrevalence of support groups

Reasons why people join support Reasons why people join support
groupsgroups

Difficulties communicating about illness Difficulties communicating about illness
within traditional social networkswithin traditional social networks

Other factors influencing support group Other factors influencing support group
participationparticipation

33. Communication Processes within Communication Processes within
Support GroupsSupport Groups

Use of narrativeUse of narrative

Being helped by helpingBeing helped by helping

34. Culture and Diversity Issues Culture and Diversity Issues
in Healthcarein Healthcare
Chapter FiveChapter Five

35. Patient DiversityPatient Diversity

Increase in a variety of co-cultures in Increase in a variety of co-cultures in
the U.S. due to immigration the U.S. due to immigration

Cultural and language barriers to Cultural and language barriers to
healthcare.healthcare.

Impact on healthcare systemImpact on healthcare system

36. Cultural Differences in Concepts Cultural Differences in Concepts
of Health and Medicineof Health and Medicine

Cultural differences in attributions of Cultural differences in attributions of
illness/healthillness/health

AcculturationAcculturation

Informed consentInformed consent

Cultural differences of people born in Cultural differences of people born in
the United States.the United States.

37. Recognizing Cultural Diversity in Recognizing Cultural Diversity in
Health BeliefsHealth Beliefs

Effectively communicating with patients Effectively communicating with patients
from diverse cultural backgroundsfrom diverse cultural backgrounds

Barriers to providing culturally sensitive Barriers to providing culturally sensitive
health carehealth care

38. Alternative MedicineAlternative Medicine

History of alternative medicine in the History of alternative medicine in the
U.S.U.S.

Types of alternative medicineTypes of alternative medicine

Perceptions of alternative medicinePerceptions of alternative medicine

Benefits/limitations of alternative Benefits/limitations of alternative
medicinemedicine

39. Spirituality, Culture, and Spirituality, Culture, and
HealthHealth

Associations among spirituality, culture, Associations among spirituality, culture,
and healthand health

Religion and psychological/physical Religion and psychological/physical
health outcomeshealth outcomes

Religion and social supportReligion and social support

40. Social Implications of IllnessSocial Implications of Illness

Stigma and diseaseStigma and disease

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS

CancerCancer

AlcoholismAlcoholism

Mental illnessMental illness

41. Changing Social Perceptions of Changing Social Perceptions of
Health Issues through Comm.Health Issues through Comm.

Language usageLanguage usage

Use of narrativeUse of narrative

AdvocacyAdvocacy

42. Provider DiversityProvider Diversity

Specialization and unique provider Specialization and unique provider
culturescultures

Socialization processes and provider Socialization processes and provider
diversitydiversity

43. Communication and Health Communication and Health
OrganizationsOrganizations
Chapter SixChapter Six

44. Health Organizations as SystemsHealth Organizations as Systems

Characteristics of systemsCharacteristics of systems

InterdependenceInterdependence

HomeostasisHomeostasis

EquifinalityEquifinality

45. Types of Healthcare Types of Healthcare
OrganizationsOrganizations

Organizations concerned with financing and Organizations concerned with financing and
regulating health services and productsregulating health services and products

Centers for Medicare and MedicaidCenters for Medicare and Medicaid

Insurance and managed careInsurance and managed care

Organizations concerned with healthcare deliveryOrganizations concerned with healthcare delivery

HospitalsHospitals

Nursing homesNursing homes

Pharmaceutical companiesPharmaceutical companies

Professional organizations that influence other Professional organizations that influence other
healthcare organizationshealthcare organizations

Accreditation organizationsAccreditation organizations

46. Communication within Communication within
Healthcare OrganizationsHealthcare Organizations

Organizational information theory Organizational information theory
(Weick, 1979) and healthcare (Weick, 1979) and healthcare
organizationorganization

CyclesCycles

Double interact loopsDouble interact loops

Formal/informal communication networksFormal/informal communication networks

Upward/downward communicationUpward/downward communication

47. Healthcare Organizational Healthcare Organizational
CultureCulture

Cultural belief systems of healthcare Cultural belief systems of healthcare
organizationsorganizations

Promoting new healthcare Promoting new healthcare
organizational environmentsorganizational environments

48. Influences on Healthcare Influences on Healthcare
Organizational CommunicationOrganizational Communication

Pharmaceutical and biotechnology Pharmaceutical and biotechnology
companiescompanies

Direct-to-consumer marketingDirect-to-consumer marketing

PreceptorshipsPreceptorships

HIPPAHIPPA

Patient PrivacyPatient Privacy

HIPPA’s effect on medical researchHIPPA’s effect on medical research

HIPPA’s effect on providers and patientsHIPPA’s effect on providers and patients

49. Influences on Healthcare Influences on Healthcare
Organizational CommunicationOrganizational Communication

Medicare and MedicaidMedicare and Medicaid

Insurance and managed careInsurance and managed care

Traditional health insuranceTraditional health insurance

Health maintenance organizations (HMO’s)Health maintenance organizations (HMO’s)

Preferred provider organizations (PPO’s)Preferred provider organizations (PPO’s)

Effects of managed care on provider-Effects of managed care on provider-
patient relationshipspatient relationships

50. Provider Stress, Conflict, and Provider Stress, Conflict, and
Support within Healthcare Support within Healthcare
OrganizationsOrganizations

Stress and conflictStress and conflict

Effects of job stressEffects of job stress

Social support and stress in the Social support and stress in the
workplaceworkplace

51. New Technologies and New Technologies and
Health CommunicationHealth Communication
Chapter SevenChapter Seven

52. Health Information on the Health Information on the
InternetInternet

Health information accessHealth information access

Credibility issuesCredibility issues

Literacy issues/underserved Literacy issues/underserved
populationspopulations

53. New Technologies and Patient-New Technologies and Patient-
Patient CommunicationPatient Communication

Health-related web communities and Health-related web communities and
computer-mediated support groupscomputer-mediated support groups

Advantages and disadvantages of Advantages and disadvantages of
computer-mediated support groupscomputer-mediated support groups

Advantages/DisadvantagesAdvantages/Disadvantages

Social information processing theory Social information processing theory
(Walther, 1996)(Walther, 1996)

54. New Technologies and Provider-New Technologies and Provider-
Patient CommunicationPatient Communication

Email and wireless communicationEmail and wireless communication

Satellite technologySatellite technology

Wireless comm. devicesWireless comm. devices

Electronic recordsElectronic records

Disadvantages of new communication Disadvantages of new communication
technologiestechnologies

55. Telemedicine and ProvidersTelemedicine and Providers

Advantages of telemedicine for Advantages of telemedicine for
providersproviders

56. New Technologies and Provider-New Technologies and Provider-
Patient CommunicationPatient Communication

Potential for increased provider-patient Potential for increased provider-patient
interactioninteraction

Telemedicine and patientsTelemedicine and patients

Managed care organization efforts to Managed care organization efforts to
reach patients via the Internetreach patients via the Internet

57. New Technologies and Health New Technologies and Health
CampaignsCampaigns

Tailoring health messagesTailoring health messages

Advantages of message tailoringAdvantages of message tailoring

Process of message tailoringProcess of message tailoring

58. Mass Communication and Mass Communication and
HealthHealth
Chapter EightChapter Eight

59. Two Perspectives of Media Two Perspectives of Media
InfluenceInfluence

Cultivation Theory (Gerbner, Gross, Morgan, & Cultivation Theory (Gerbner, Gross, Morgan, &
Signorelli, 1982)Signorelli, 1982)

Uses and gratifications theory (Katz, Blumler, & Uses and gratifications theory (Katz, Blumler, &
Gurevitz, 1974)Gurevitz, 1974)

Needs fulfilled by the mass media concerning Needs fulfilled by the mass media concerning
healthhealth

Information seekingInformation seeking

Entertainment, diversion, and tension releaseEntertainment, diversion, and tension release

Media use to fulfill social needsMedia use to fulfill social needs

ConvenienceConvenience

60. Media Usage, Health Portrayals, Media Usage, Health Portrayals,
and Health Behaviorsand Health Behaviors

Unrealistic portrayals of health situationsUnrealistic portrayals of health situations

Unhealthy role models and the promotion Unhealthy role models and the promotion
of unhealthy behaviors in advertisingof unhealthy behaviors in advertising

The influence of media on eating habitsThe influence of media on eating habits

ObesityObesity

Eating disordersEating disorders

Media content and cosmetic surgeryMedia content and cosmetic surgery

Media content and acts of violenceMedia content and acts of violence

61. Media Usage, Health Portrayals, Media Usage, Health Portrayals,
and Health Behaviorsand Health Behaviors

The relationship between media and The relationship between media and
substance abusesubstance abuse

AlcoholAlcohol

Tobacco productsTobacco products

Media and sexual behaviorMedia and sexual behavior

Direct-to-consumer advertising of Direct-to-consumer advertising of
prescription medicationprescription medication

62. Health News Stories in the MediaHealth News Stories in the Media

Problems in the reporting of health Problems in the reporting of health
news storiesnews stories

Agenda-setting theory (Protess & Agenda-setting theory (Protess &
McCombs, 1991)McCombs, 1991)

HIV/AIDS as an exampleHIV/AIDS as an example

OverreportingOverreporting

UnderreportingUnderreporting

63. Health News Stories in the MediaHealth News Stories in the Media

Media bias and inaccuracies in Media bias and inaccuracies in
reporting health issuesreporting health issues

FramingFraming

64. Risk and Crisis Risk and Crisis
CommunicationCommunication
Chapter NineChapter Nine

65. Defining Risk CommunicationDefining Risk Communication

Risk communication versus crisis Risk communication versus crisis
communicationcommunication

66. Global and Large-Scale Health Global and Large-Scale Health
ThreatsThreats

Environmental threats/world hungerEnvironmental threats/world hunger

Environmental injusticeEnvironmental injustice

Natural disastersNatural disasters

HungerHunger

PandemicsPandemics

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS

SARS/Avian flueSARS/Avian flue

TerrorismTerrorism

67. At-Risk Communities with the At-Risk Communities with the
United StatesUnited States

Risk factorsRisk factors

Social statusSocial status

Social capitalSocial capital

Human capitalHuman capital

Communication strategies for dealing Communication strategies for dealing
with health risks with health risks

Dealing with the threat of HIV/AIDSDealing with the threat of HIV/AIDS

Dealing with the threat of terrorismDealing with the threat of terrorism

Coping with the psychological effects of terrorismCoping with the psychological effects of terrorism

68. Other Health Risk IssuesOther Health Risk Issues

Community-based health initiatives for Community-based health initiatives for
at-risk or marginalized populationsat-risk or marginalized populations

Risk communication strategies at the Risk communication strategies at the
provider-patient levelprovider-patient level

69. Health Campaigns and Health Campaigns and
Community Health InitiativesCommunity Health Initiatives
Chapter TenChapter Ten

70. Campaign GoalsCampaign Goals

Health awareness and behavioral Health awareness and behavioral
change campaignschange campaigns

Public policy approachesPublic policy approaches

71. Theoretical Approaches to Health Theoretical Approaches to Health
CampaginsCampagins

Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1977)Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1977)

Cognitive processes influencing health Cognitive processes influencing health
behaviorbehavior

Environmental influences on health behaviorEnvironmental influences on health behavior

Theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Theory of reasoned action (Ajzen &
Fishbein, 1980)Fishbein, 1980)

Health belief model (Becker, 1974)Health belief model (Becker, 1974)

Extended parallel process model (Witte, Extended parallel process model (Witte,
1992)1992)

72. Theoretical Approaches to Health Theoretical Approaches to Health
CampaginsCampagins

Stages of change modelsStages of change models

Transtheoretical model (Prochaska & Transtheoretical model (Prochaska &
DiClemente, 1984)DiClemente, 1984)

Multi-stage model of behavioral change Multi-stage model of behavioral change
(Lippke & Ziegelmann, 2006)(Lippke & Ziegelmann, 2006)

73. The Process of Conducting a The Process of Conducting a
Health CampaignHealth Campaign

Audience analysisAudience analysis

Conducting audience analysis researchConducting audience analysis research

Available dataAvailable data

SurveysSurveys

Interviews/focus groupsInterviews/focus groups

Audience segmentationAudience segmentation

74. The Process of Conducting a The Process of Conducting a
Health CampaignHealth Campaign

Creating message contentCreating message content

Gaining audience members’ attention and Gaining audience members’ attention and
motivating them to actionmotivating them to action

Persuasive message appealsPersuasive message appeals

Other message considerationsOther message considerations

75. The Process of Conducting a The Process of Conducting a
Health CampaignHealth Campaign

Channel and message dissemination Channel and message dissemination
processesprocesses

76. Formative Campaign Formative Campaign
EvaluationEvaluation

Pilot testingPilot testing

Launching the campaign, process Launching the campaign, process
evaluation, and outcome evaluationevaluation, and outcome evaluation

77. Interdisciplinary Health Interdisciplinary Health
TeamsTeams
Chapter ElevenChapter Eleven

78. Interdisciplinary Health TeamsInterdisciplinary Health Teams

Diversity of healthcare professionalDiversity of healthcare professional

Importance of interdisciplinary teamsImportance of interdisciplinary teams

Continuum of health care teamsContinuum of health care teams

UnidisciplinaryUnidisciplinary

InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary

TransdisciplinaryTransdisciplinary

79. Model of Synergistic Healthcare Model of Synergistic Healthcare
TeamsTeams

Instilling a sense of ownershipInstilling a sense of ownership

Building and maintaining trustBuilding and maintaining trust

Building commitment to team and mission Building commitment to team and mission
(vision)(vision)

Sense of accomplishmentSense of accomplishment

Becoming performance basedBecoming performance based

Prioritizing and setting goalsPrioritizing and setting goals

Measuring resultsMeasuring results

Decision-making proceduresDecision-making procedures

80. Model of Synergistic Healthcare Model of Synergistic Healthcare
TeamsTeams

Developing team synergyDeveloping team synergy

Role congruenceRole congruence

Competent listeningCompetent listening

Participation and empowermentParticipation and empowerment

Conflict managementConflict management

Consensus buildingConsensus building

81. Emerging Health Emerging Health
Communication Contexts and Communication Contexts and
ChallengesChallenges
Chapter TwelveChapter Twelve

82. Health LiteracyHealth Literacy

Importance of understanding health Importance of understanding health
literacy issuesliteracy issues

Health literacy and health outcomesHealth literacy and health outcomes

Health literacy and provider-patient Health literacy and provider-patient
communicationcommunication

83. Breaking Bad NewsBreaking Bad News

Defining bad newsDefining bad news

Demographic effects on bad news Demographic effects on bad news
deliverydelivery

Current provider education in breaking Current provider education in breaking
bad newsbad news

84. Health Communication and Older Health Communication and Older
AdultsAdults

Getting older and experiencing health Getting older and experiencing health
problemsproblems

PresbycusisPresbycusis

Cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and Cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and
dimentiadimentia

Physical activity/mobilityPhysical activity/mobility

PolypharmacyPolypharmacy

85. Provider-older patient interactionProvider-older patient interaction

Stereotypes of older patientsStereotypes of older patients

Companions and provider-patient Companions and provider-patient
interactioninteraction

Managed care influences on provider-Managed care influences on provider-
older patient interactionolder patient interaction

86. Institutionalized Older AdultsInstitutionalized Older Adults

Nursing homes Nursing homes

Communication issuesCommunication issues