health education

health education

1. DEFINITION “ Health education comprises consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing skills which are conducive to individual and community health” -WHO health promotion glossary

2. OBJECTIVES INFORMING PEOPLE: people are informed about the different diseases, their etiology and how to prevent them. MOTIVATING PEOPLE: concerned with clarifying/ changing or forming attitudes, beliefs, values or opinions. After health information is given it is necessary to motivate them alter their lifestyles so that it becomes favourable to promoting health and preventing disease. Motivation is defined as “a combination of forces which initiate, direct and sustain behaviour” GUIDING IN TO ACTION: concerned with development of skills and action. A person who has obtained health information might be motivated to change his behaviour and lifestyle. However, he might need professional help and guidance so as to bring about these changes and to sustain these altered lifestyles

3. APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE HEALTH LEGAL OR REGULATORY APPROACH • Make use of the law to protect the health of the public • Government makes laws and regulations Eg :-Epidemic diseases act -Pollution act -Food adulteration act -Environmental act APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE HEALTH ADMINISTRATIVE OR SERVICE APPROACH: This approach intends to provide all the health facilities to the people with the hope that they will use it it becomes a failure if the service is not based on the felt needs of the people

4. • EDUCATIONAL APPROACH Most effective means for achievement of changes in the health practices and lifestyles of the community. Components –motivation, communication and decision-making Result obtained from this approach is slow but permanent and enduring Sufficient time should be allowed for the individual to bring about the desired changes in his behaviour • PRIMARY HEALTH CARE APPROACH: It involves full participation and active involvement of the people starting from the planning stage till the delivery of the health services. This is based on principles of primary health care-community participation This can be achieved by providing the necessary guidance to help people identify their health problems and to find solutions to these problems

5. PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION 1.CREDIBILITY  2.INTEREST  3.PARTICIPATION  4.MOTIVATION  5.COMPREHENSION  6.REINFORCEMENT  7.LEARNING BY DOING  8.KNOWN TO UNKNOWN  9.SETTING AN EXAMPLE  10.GOOD HUMAN RELATIONS  11.FEEDBACK  12.COMMUNITY LEADERS 

6. CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION HUMAN BIOLOGY NUTRITION HYGIENE FAMILY HEALTH CARE CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE &NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS

7. GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING AUDIOVISUALS • Use simplified drawings . • Visual should be made to scale . • Use colors and dramatic pictures with humor • Information given should match the pace of learning • Use titles and questions liberally . • Make selective use of audio effects . • Use bold face type letters . • Design learner friendly interactive multimedia systems.

8. Principle of A.V. aids • Principle of selection (age, grade, educational value) Principle of preparation (locally available, participation of student in preparing the aid). • Principle of physical control (storing and future) • Principle of proper presentation Carefully visualize use of teaching aid before actual presentation Acquaint themselves with use and manipulation Adequate handling of aid to prevent damage Display proper so that all the student are able to see Avoid distraction of all kinds

9. • Principle of response : guide student to response activity. A.V. aid stimuli so that they devise maximum benefit in learning • Principle of evaluation : • A.V. material base on realization of desired objective • Accompanying technology use

10. CHARTS DEFINITION: It defined as combination of graphic and pictorial material designed for the orderly and logical visualizing of relationships between key facts and ideas. · PURPOSES  To show the relationships by means of facts and figures .  To show continuity in process  For presenting the material symbolically  For showing development of structure ·

11. PREPARATION OF CHARTS : Materials required  Prepare charts are sheets of thick white or light coloured paper .  Fibre tipped round point and Chisel – Point colour Markers .  Drawing aids  Adhesives ·Before making a chart :  One should plan the content in terms of the objectives and decide the layout .  The layout should be „balanced‟ and should use the space effectively.

12. PRINCIPLES:  The size of the chart, the size of the letters and the contrast of the display materials should be such that it is readable by the farthest viewer .  Standard chart paper in sizes 90x60cm and 70x55cm is suitable for most purposes.  The size of letters for the Captions, labels and keywords written on a chart should be between 2 and 3mm .  The thickness of the lines should be between 2 and 3mm .  Light coloured chart paper should be used eg . Yellow, light green and white are better suited for dark coloured pens. Eg . black, blue, red and orange.  Simple hand-drawn charts with non- decorative lettering are more effective than elaborately drawn .  One chart should convey just one idea or one principle .  Charts crowded with information are less effective.

13. FLASH CARDS Flash cards are small cards of generally 25×30 cm in size which are shown for a few moments before the class to send across a message or impart an idea.  Flash cards wolud be used along with the other graphic aids to make the lesson effective. PREPARATION OF FLASHCARDS :  Cut a chart paper and cut it into four equal parts to get the flash cards .  Write the content on it either in the free hand or using lettering stencils and sketch pen .  Also the height of writing on the flash card is to be large enough so that the whole class can see the flash card properly.  It is advisable to make a rough card on an ordinary paper first and then transfer it on the chart paper or cardboard flash cards.

14. STRUCTURE :  They consist of a series of cards approximately 10x12 inches each with an illustration pertaining to a story or talk to be given. The message on the cards must be brief and to the point .  The flash cards and the pictures there in should be large enough for a group to 30 to 50. Use colour to make it attractive .  The number of cards should be 10 to 12 in a set. · USING THE FLASH CARDS :  Give brief introduction about the lesson to the students .  Give instructions to the students about their actions while you flash the cards .  Flash the card in front of the class by holding it high with both your hands so that all the students can see it .  Add more information to the students responses