Health Education

1. Dr shabeel’s presentationsDr shabeel’s presentations

2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The practice of instructing people The practice of instructing people
and communities in the principles of and communities in the principles of
hygiene and in ways of avoiding hygiene and in ways of avoiding
disease is a very ancient one.disease is a very ancient one.
An elementary study of the history of An elementary study of the history of
medicine reveals that since time medicine reveals that since time
immemorial it has been considered a immemorial it has been considered a
necessity to instruct communities in health necessity to instruct communities in health
matters for their protection and survival.matters for their protection and survival.

3. DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
 The National Conference on Preventive The National Conference on Preventive
Medicine [USA]Medicine [USA]

Health education is a process which informs, Health education is a process which informs,
motivate and helps people to adopt and maintain motivate and helps people to adopt and maintain
healthy practices and life styles; advocates healthy practices and life styles; advocates
environmental changes as needed to facilitate environmental changes as needed to facilitate
this goal and conducts professional training and this goal and conducts professional training and
research to the same end.research to the same end.

4. WHO DefinitionWHO Definition

Health education, like general education, Health education, like general education,
is concerned with changes in knowledge, is concerned with changes in knowledge,
feelings and behaviour of people.In its feelings and behaviour of people.In its
most usual forms, it concentrates on most usual forms, it concentrates on
devoloping such health practices as are devoloping such health practices as are
believed to bring about the best possible believed to bring about the best possible
state of well being.state of well being.

5. AIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATIONAIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
To inform the general public of the principles of To inform the general public of the principles of
physical and mental hygiene and methods of physical and mental hygiene and methods of
preventing avoidable diseases.preventing avoidable diseases.
To create an informed body of opinion and To create an informed body of opinion and
knowledge. (social workers, teachers)knowledge. (social workers, teachers)
To give the public accurate information of To give the public accurate information of
medical discoveries.medical discoveries.
To facilitate the acceptance and proper usage of To facilitate the acceptance and proper usage of
medical measures.medical measures.

6. METHODS OF APPROACHES IN METHODS OF APPROACHES IN
HEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH EDUCATION
1.1.Legal or Regulatory ApproachLegal or Regulatory Approach
3.3.Administrative or Service ApproachAdministrative or Service Approach
5.5.Educational ApproachEducational Approach

7. Legal or Regulatory ApproachLegal or Regulatory Approach
Makes use of the law to protect the health Makes use of the law to protect the health
of the public.of the public.
Eg : Epidemic Diseases Act , Pollution ActEg : Epidemic Diseases Act , Pollution Act
Limitations :Limitations :
1. applicable only at certain times or 1. applicable only at certain times or
limited situations.limited situations.
2. they may not alter the behaviour of the 2. they may not alter the behaviour of the
individual.individual.

8. Administrative or Service ApproachAdministrative or Service Approach
Intends to provide all the health facilities Intends to provide all the health facilities
needed by the peopleneeded by the people
‘‘felt needs of people’felt needs of people’

9. Educatinal ApproachEducatinal Approach
most effectivemost effective
Components :Components :
1. motivation1. motivation
2. communication2. communication
3. decision making3. decision making
• results slow , but permanent and enduring.results slow , but permanent and enduring.
•Suffient time for an individual to bring about changes Suffient time for an individual to bring about changes
• learning new facts as well as unlearning wrong learning new facts as well as unlearning wrong
information as well.information as well.

10. CONTENTS OF HEALTH CONTENTS OF HEALTH
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
1.1.Human BiologyHuman Biology
2.2.NutritionNutrition
3.3.HygieneHygiene
4.4.Family Health CareFamily Health Care
5.5.Control of Communicable and Non- Control of Communicable and Non-
Communicable DiseasesCommunicable Diseases
6.6.Mental healthMental health
7.7.Prevention of AccidentsPrevention of Accidents
8.8.Use of Health ServicesUse of Health Services

11. Human BiologyHuman Biology

12. NutritionNutrition
for prevention of malnutritionfor prevention of malnutrition
Taught nutrient value of food stufsTaught nutrient value of food stufs
Method of preparation , storageMethod of preparation , storage
Help people to choose balanced dietHelp people to choose balanced diet

13. HygieneHygiene
Personal
Environmental

14. Family Health CareFamily Health Care
Strengthen and improve the health of the Strengthen and improve the health of the
family as a unit rather than as an family as a unit rather than as an
individual.individual.
Maternal and child health care, family Maternal and child health care, family
planning, immunization, nutrition, etc.planning, immunization, nutrition, etc.

15. Control of Communicable and Non-Control of Communicable and Non-
Communicable diseasesCommunicable diseases
Provide elementary knowledge about the Provide elementary knowledge about the
nature of the diseases and methods of nature of the diseases and methods of
preventing them.preventing them.

16. Mental HealthMental Health
Depression, neurosis, mental anxiety and Depression, neurosis, mental anxiety and
emotional disturbancesemotional disturbances
Basic knowledge of common Basic knowledge of common
psychological ailments, its detectio, psychological ailments, its detectio,
methods of prevention and treatment.methods of prevention and treatment.

17. Prevention of AccidentsPrevention of Accidents
People taught about basic safety rules People taught about basic safety rules
and prevent common accidents.and prevent common accidents.

18. Use of Health servicesUse of Health services
People should be informed about various People should be informed about various
health services and preventive health services and preventive
programmes available to them.programmes available to them.

19. STAGES IN ADOPTION OF NEW STAGES IN ADOPTION OF NEW
IDEAS AND PRACTICESIDEAS AND PRACTICES
STAGE OF UNAWARENESS
Not aware of new idea or practice
STAGE OF AWARENESS
Gets some information but not
know much
STAGE OF INTEREST
Shows interest to know more
Listen, read
STAGE OF EVALUATION
Find out advantages &
disadvantages
STAGE OF TRIAL
Puts it into practice
STAGE OF ADOPTION
Accepts new idea as beneficial
to him & adopts it

20. PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
INTERESTINTEREST
PARTICIPATIONPARTICIPATION
COMPREHENSIONCOMPREHENSION
MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION
REINFORCEMENTREINFORCEMENT
KNOWN TO UNKNOWNKNOWN TO UNKNOWN
LEARNING BY DOINGLEARNING BY DOING
SOIL, SEED & SOWERSOIL, SEED & SOWER
COMMUNITY LEADERSCOMMUNITY LEADERS
GOOD HEALTH RELATIONSGOOD HEALTH RELATIONS

21. InterestInterest
Topic of interestTopic of interest
Identify the ”felt needs” of the peopleIdentify the ”felt needs” of the people
Then prepare a programmeThen prepare a programme

22. ParticipationParticipation
Educator should encourage people to Educator should encourage people to
participate in health education participate in health education
programmesprogrammes
Group discussions, panel discussions, etc Group discussions, panel discussions, etc
provide oppurtunities for people’s provide oppurtunities for people’s
participationparticipation
Leads to acceptanceLeads to acceptance

23. Known to UnknownKnown to Unknown
Start with what the people already know Start with what the people already know
and then give the new knowledgeand then give the new knowledge
Existing knowledge as people as the basic Existing knowledge as people as the basic
stepstep

24. ComprehensionComprehension
Determine the level of literacy and Determine the level of literacy and
understanding of audience.understanding of audience.
Language of communication, Language of communication,
understandable to audienceunderstandable to audience
Usage of technical or medical terms Usage of technical or medical terms
should be avoided.should be avoided.

25. ReinforcementReinforcement
Also called as “booster dose”Also called as “booster dose”
Refers to repetition neededRefers to repetition needed
When not possible for people to learn new When not possible for people to learn new
things in short timethings in short time

26. MotivationMotivation
Defined as “the fundamental desire for learning Defined as “the fundamental desire for learning
in an individual”in an individual”
2 types :2 types :
primary motive primary motive  inborn desires inborn desires
food, clothing, housingfood, clothing, housing
secondary motive secondary motive  outside forcesoutside forces
gifts, a word of praise,gifts, a word of praise,
love, rewardslove, rewards

27. Learning by DoingLearning by Doing
Learning process accompanied by doing Learning process accompanied by doing
the new things.the new things.
Based on famous Chinese proverb “if I Based on famous Chinese proverb “if I
hear, I forget ; if I see, I remember ; if I do, hear, I forget ; if I see, I remember ; if I do,
I know.I know.

28. Soil, Seed & SowerSoil, Seed & Sower
Soil Soil  people to whom education is givenpeople to whom education is given
Seeds Seeds  Health facts to be givenHealth facts to be given
Sower Sower media tomedia to transmit the factstransmit the facts
All components are interdependent and All components are interdependent and
result in dynamic interaction.result in dynamic interaction.

29. Good Human RelationsGood Human Relations
health educator should have good health educator should have good
personal qualities personal qualities
Should be able to maintain friendly Should be able to maintain friendly
relations with peoplerelations with people
Should have a kind nad sympathetic Should have a kind nad sympathetic
attitudeattitude

30. Community leadersCommunity leaders
Leaders can be used to reach people of Leaders can be used to reach people of
the community and to convince them the community and to convince them
about the need for health education.about the need for health education.

31. HINDRANCES OR BARRIERS IN HINDRANCES OR BARRIERS IN
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATIONPROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Psychological barriersPsychological barriers
 emotional disturbancesemotional disturbances
 depressiondepression
 neurosisneurosis
Physiological barriersPhysiological barriers
 difficulties in self-expressiondifficulties in self-expression
 difficulties in hearing or seeingdifficulties in hearing or seeing
 difficulties in understandingdifficulties in understanding

32. HINDRANCES…HINDRANCES…
Environmental barriersEnvironmental barriers
 excessive noiseexcessive noise
 difficulties in visiondifficulties in vision
 congested areascongested areas
Cultural barriersCultural barriers
 persistent patterns of behaviour, habits, persistent patterns of behaviour, habits,
beliefs, customs, attitudes, religion, etcbeliefs, customs, attitudes, religion, etc

33. EDUCATIONAL AIDS USED IN EDUCATIONAL AIDS USED IN
HEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH EDUCATION
1. Audio aids1. Audio aids
2. Visual aids2. Visual aids
3. Combination of Audio-Visual aids3. Combination of Audio-Visual aids

34. Audio AidsAudio Aids
Based on principles of sound, electricity and Based on principles of sound, electricity and
magnetismmagnetism

 megaphonesmegaphones
 public addressing systems or public addressing systems or
microphonesmicrophones
 Gramophone records Gramophone records
 Tape recordersTape recorders
 RadiosRadios
 Sound amplifiersSound amplifiers

35. Visual AidsVisual Aids
Based on principles of projectionBased on principles of projection
Projected aids – needs projection from aProjected aids – needs projection from a
source on to a screensource on to a screen
 films or cinemasfilms or cinemas
 film stripsfilm strips
 slidesslides
 overhead projectorsoverhead projectors
 epidiascopesepidiascopes
 transparenciestransparencies
 bioscopesbioscopes
 video cassettesvideo cassettes
 silent filmssilent films

36. Non-projected Aids – do not require Non-projected Aids – do not require
projectionprojection
 blackboardblackboard
 picturespictures
 cartoonscartoons
 photographsphotographs
 postersposters
 flashcardsflashcards
 chartscharts
 brochuresbrochures
 modelsmodels
Other aids – traditional media which makes use of light and sound stimuliOther aids – traditional media which makes use of light and sound stimuli
 Folk dances and Folk songsFolk dances and Folk songs
 Puppet showsPuppet shows
 DramasDramas

37. Combination of Audio-Visual AidsCombination of Audio-Visual Aids
Modern media availableModern media available
Sound & sight combined together to Sound & sight combined together to
create a better presentationcreate a better presentation
 televisionstelevisions
 tape and slide combinationstape and slide combinations
 Video Cassette Players and RecordersVideo Cassette Players and Recorders
 Motivation pictures or CinemasMotivation pictures or Cinemas
 Multimedia ComputersMultimedia Computers

38. HEALTH EDUCATION FOR THE HEALTH EDUCATION FOR THE
GENERAL PUBLICGENERAL PUBLIC
Mass communication literally means Mass communication literally means
communication that is given to a community communication that is given to a community
where the people gathered together does not where the people gathered together does not
belong to one particular group.belong to one particular group.
AdvantagesAdvantages
 large no. of people can be reachedlarge no. of people can be reached
 people of all socio-economic status people of all socio-economic status
irrespective of their caste, creed and religion irrespective of their caste, creed and religion
MediasMedias
televisions, radios, posters, news papers, etctelevisions, radios, posters, news papers, etc

39. ESSENTIALS OF HEALTH ESSENTIALS OF HEALTH
EDUCATON TO THE PUBLICEDUCATON TO THE PUBLIC
1.1.Accuracy and TruthAccuracy and Truth
3.3.Presentation must be simplePresentation must be simple
5.5.Health education should be factualHealth education should be factual
7.7.Principles of health should be taughtPrinciples of health should be taught

40. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
In a field such as health, it is natural that In a field such as health, it is natural that
“helping people to help themselves”“helping people to help themselves”
should be as important as direct service.should be as important as direct service.