Health informatics

Health informatics

1. HEALTH INFORMATICS- YASHWANT RAMAWAT RAK COLLEGE OF NURSING NEW DELHI

2. Definition of medical informatics:

3. NURSING INFORMATICS:

4. THREE BASIC ELEMENTS

5. APPLICATION OF NURSING INFORMATICS:

6. ROLE OF NURSING INFORMATICS SPECIALIST:

7. ADVANCE TECHNOLOGIES IN NURSING : Technology-   is the collection of techniques,  skills , methods and processes used in the production of  goods  or  services  or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the  knowledge  of techniques, processes, etc. or it can be embedded in machines, computers, devices and factories, which can be operated by individuals without detailed knowledge of the workings of such things.

8. Clinical Research Informatics INCLUDES  There are a number of activities within clinical research that CRI supports, including: more efficient and effective data collection and acquisition improved recruitment into clinical trials optimal protocol design and efficient management patient recruitment and management adverse event reporting regulatory compliance data storage, transfer, processing and analysis repositories of data from completed clinical trials (for secondary analyses)

9. NURSING INFORMATICS Nursing Informatics is the  "science and practice (that) integrates nursing, its information and knowledge, with management of information and communication technologies to promote the health of people, families, and communities worldwide." (IMIA Special Interest Group on Nursing Informatics 2009) . The application of nursing informatics knowledge is empowering for all healthcare practitioners in achieving patient centered care.

10. Nurse Informaticists are:

11. Why Choose Health Informatics?

12. USES OF HEALTH INFORMATICS:

13. NURSING TECHNOLOGY

14. E-MAIL Email is a system for sending and receiving a digital message over a computer network, between two personal computers. An email message contains two sections, the header and the body of the email. The header contains the sender’s address, the receiver’s address, the subject heading, and attachments, if included. The body of the email contains the main message and the signature block.

15. USES OF E-MAIL IN NURSING- appointment schedules (booking, cancelling, and automated reminders), billing questions, health questions for the nurses, prescription refills, referrals or non-urgent consults, test results, sick note renewals, preventative health care reminders, counseling , and education  

16. MAILING LIST A mailing list is simply a list of e-mail addresses of people that are interested in the same subject, are members of the same work group, or who are taking class together. When a member of the list sends a note to the group's special address, the e-mail is broadcast to all of the members of the list. The key advantage of a mailing list over a things such as web-based discussion is that as new message becomes available they are immediately delivered to the participants' mailboxes. A mailing list sometime can also include information such as phone number, postal address, fax number and more.

17. ELECTRONIC DATABASE An increasing number of database are available over the internet and can be accessed through local libraries or by subscripltion from a vendor which provide access to online databases and e-journals.

18. CINAHL Scholarly journal articles about nursing and allied health. Includes nursing interventions, management, education, theory, and history. Also includes allied health topics such as physical and occupational therapy.

19. CINAHL with Full Text (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature) indexes over 950 English-language nursing and allied health journals and publications of the American Nurses' Association and the National League for Nursing. Includes full-text for more than 580 journals.

20. CINAHL Subjects include: Aging AIDS Cancer Diseases Healthcare Medicine Nursing Occupational Therapy Physical Therapy Public Health Rehabilitation

21. MedSCAPE Formerly Medscape Reference has comprehensive clinical overviews of over 10, 000 conditions, procedures and drugs. Also contains images and interactive clinical tools. Access to MedScape Reference requires creating a free account. Formerly eMedicine . Please use this newly combined eMedicine / MedScape Reference. Medscape Reference has comprehensive clinical overviews of over 10, 000 conditions, procedures and drugs. Also contains images and interactive clinical tools.

22. PsyINFO Scholarly articles in psychology, plus medicine, psychiatry, education, social work, criminology, social science, business, & organizational behavior . Covers the academic, research and practice literature -- including journal articles, dissertations, book chapters, books, technical reports -- from over 45 countries in more than 30 languages. From the American Psychological Association.

23. HEALTH SOURCE Nursing/Academic Edition  provides researchers, allied health professionals, nurses and medical educators with access to full-text scholarly journals focusing on many medical disciplines. Coverage of nursing and allied health is particularly strong, including full text from for more than 355 journals, of which 287 are peer-reviewed, as well as abstracting and indexing for more than 830 journals.  

24. ERIC The  Education Resources Information Center  ( ERIC ) is an online  digital library  of education research and information. ERIC is sponsored by the  Institute of Education Sciences  of the  United States Department of Education . The mission of ERIC is to provide a comprehensive, easy-to-use, searchable, Internet-based bibliographic and full-text database of education research and information for educators, researchers, and the general public

25. ERIC provides access to 1.5 million bibliographic records ( citations ,  abstracts , and other pertinent data) of journal articles and other education-related materials, with hundreds of new records added every week. The ERIC Collection, begun in 1966, contains records for a variety of publication types, including: journal articles books research syntheses conference papers technical reports dissertations policy papers, and other education-related materials

26. WEB SITE EVALUATION- web has grown rapidly since the beginning , and information can be published easily and inexpensively. An internet site can be created by anyone with the ability to create a web page. Many sites can be commercial purposes , and other can simply be opinions of the web site developer. Web sites are under no required guidelines and standards. Additionally, no official organisation is responsible for site evaluation. As a result , a vast information is available on the web , but not all information is reliable. There are recommended six guidelines for evaluating a resource on the web-

27. 6 CRITERIA FOR WEBSITES 1.  AUTHORITY Authority reveals that the person, institution or agency responsible for a site has the qualifications and knowledge to do so. Evaluating a web site for authority: Authorship: It should be clear who developed the site. Contact information   Credentials: the author should state qualifications, credentials, or personal background . Check to see if the site supported by an organization or a commercial body

28. 2.  PURPOSE The purpose of the information presented in the site should be clear. Some sites are meant to inform, persuade, state an opinion, entertain, or parody something or someone. Evaluating a web site for purpose: Does the content support the purpose of the site? Is the information geared to a specific audience (students, scholars, general reader)? Is the site organized and focused? Are the outside links appropriate for the site? Does the site evaluate the links? Check the domain of the site . The URL may indicate its purpose.

29. 3.  COVERAGE It is difficult to assess the extent of coverage since depth in a site, through the use of links, can be infinite. One author may claim comprehensive coverage of a topic while another may cover just one aspect of a topic. Evaluating a web site for coverage: Does the site claim to be selective or comprehensive? Are the topics explored in depth? Compare the value of the site’s information compared to other similar sites. Do the links go to outside sites rather than its own? Does the site provide information with no relevant outside links?

30. 4.  CURRENCY Currency of the site refers to: 1) how current the information presented is, and 2) how often the site is updated or maintained. It is important to know when a site was created, when it was last updated, and if all of the links are current. Evaluating a web site for currency involves finding the date information was: first written  placed on the web  last revised Then ask if:  Links are up-to-date  Links provided should be reliable. Dead links or references to sites that have moved are not useful. Information provided so trend related that its usefulness is limited to a certain time period? the site been under construction for some time?

31. 5.  OBJECTIVITY Objectivity of the site should be clear. Beware of sites that contain bias or do not admit its bias freely. Objective sites present information with a minimum of bias. Evaluating a web site for objectivity: Is the information presented with a particular bias? Does the information try to sway the audience? Does site advertising conflict with the content? Is the site trying to explain, inform, persuade, or sell something?

32. 6.  ACCURACY There are few standards to verify the accuracy of information on the web. It is the responsibility of the reader to assess the information presented. Evaluating a web site for accuracy: Reliability: Is the author affiliated with a known, respectable institution? References: do statistics and other factual information receive proper references as to their origin? Does the reading you have already done on the subject make the information seem accurate? Is the information comparable to other sites on the same topic? Does the text follow basic rules of grammar, spelling and composition? Is a bibliography or reference list included?

33. HEALTH INFORMATION ONLINE There are thousands of medical websites. Some provide reliable health information. Some do not. Some of the medical news is current. Some of it is not. Choosing which websites to trust is an important part of using the Internet. How Do I Find Reliable Health Information Online?

34. As you search online, you are likely to find websites for many health agencies and organizations that are not well-known. By answering the following questions you should be able to find more information about these websites. A lot of these details might be found under the heading “About Us.” Who sponsors/hosts the website? Is that information easy to find?  

35. Websites cost money. Is the source of funding (sponsor) clear? Sometimes the website address is helpful. For example: . gov   identifies a india government agency . edu   identifies an educational institution, like a school, college, or university .org  usually identifies nonprofit organizations (such as professional groups; scientific, medical, or research societies; advocacy groups) .com  identifies commercial websites (such as businesses, pharmaceutical companies, and sometimes hospitals)

36. A personal digital assistant (PDA) Is also known as a  handheld PC , or  personal data assistant , is a  mobile device  that functions as a  personal information manager . The term evolved from Personal Desktop Assistant, a software term for an application that prompts or prods the user of a computer with suggestions or provides quick reference to contacts and other lists. PDAs were largely discontinued in the early 2010s after the widespread adoption of highly capable  smartphones , in particular those based on  iOS and   Android .

37. ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS An  electronic health record  ( EHR ), or  electronic medical record  ( EMR ), refers to the systematized collection of patient and population electronically-stored health information in a digital format.  These records can be shared across different health care settings. Records are shared through network-connected, enterprise-wide information systems or other information networks and exchanges.

38. EHRs may include a range of data:   demographics , medical history, medication and allergies,   immunization  status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like age and weight, and billing information.

39. Benefits to Patients- Electronic health records contain significantly fewer errors than paper records, according to experts. Communication between physicians can be greatly improved with the use of EHR, allowing each party full access to a patient’s medical history rather than a snapshot-type overview from a current visit. This access allows for a more in-depth evaluation, and enables doctors to reach an accurate diagnosis more quickly. In addition, electronic health can records make it easier for doctors to follow up with patients and track continuing care, both under their supervision and that of the patient’s other doctors.

40. At the very least, electronic health records can save time during a doctor’s office visit. And in case of emergency, these records can provide critical, life-saving information to emergency care providers.

41. Benefits to Healthcare Providers When a patient is under the care of multiple doctors: tracking his or her history, including allergies, blood type, current medications, past procedures and other relevant information, can be problematic when relying on paper charts. The use of electronic health records allows multiple care providers, regardless of location, to simultaneously access a patient’s record from any computer.

42. The electronic record can provide up-to-the-minute information on the patient’s full history, including current test results and the recommendations of other physicians, allowing more efficient collaboration on multiple facets of a patient’s care. nurses can quickly transfer patient data to other departments or providers, while also reducing errors, which yield improved results management. Both patients and employees often respond positively to these process improvements, as it can help keep a facility’s schedule on track.

43. EHR Benefits Breakdown less paperwork and fewer storage issues increased quality of care Financial Incentives Increased Efficiency and Productivity Better Patient Care

44. CONFIDENTIALITY ,SECURITY, AND PRIVACY OF HEALTH INFORMATION: The challenge of this responsibility has also increased due to the constantly changing legislative and regulatory environment.Regulations have impacted privacy and security: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) Modifications to the HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Enforcement Rules the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act; Final Rule

45. HIPAA ACT- Established pursuant to the broader Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA),  as described by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Privacy Rule, “…strikes a balance that permits important uses of information, while protecting the privacy of people who seek care and healing”.  Individuals are provided some elements of control, such as the right to access their own health information in most cases and the right to request amendment of inaccurate health information ( HHSa ).  However, in that attempt to strike a balance, the Rule provides numerous exceptions to use and disclosure of protected health information without patient authorization, including for treatment, payment, health organization operations and for certain public health activities

46. Telehealth  is the delivery of health-related services and information via telecommunications technologies. Telehealth could be as simple as two health professionals discussing a case over the telephone or as sophisticated as doing robotic surgery between facilities at different ends of the globe. Telehealth is an expansion of  telemedicine , and unlike telemedicine (which more narrowly focuses on the curative aspect) it encompasses  preventative , promotive   and curative  aspects. Originally used to describe administrative or educational functions related to telemedicine, today telehealth stresses myriad  technology solutions .

47. Uses of telehealth - Clinical uses Transmission of  medical images  for  diagnosis  (often referred to as store and forward telehealth ) Teleconference between patient and healthcare provider for assessments and history taking Groups or individuals exchanging health services or education live via videoconference (real-time telehealth ) Transmission of  medical data  for diagnosis or disease management (sometimes referred to as remote monitoring) Advice on prevention of  diseases  and promotion of good health by patient monitoring and followup . Health advice by telephone in emergency cases (referred to as teletriage )

48. Nonclinical uses Distance education  including continuing medical education, grand rounds, and patient education administrative uses including meetings among telehealth networks, supervision, and presentations research on telehealth online information and health data management healthcare system integration asset identification, listing, and patient to asset matching, and movement overall healthcare system management patient movement and remote admission

49. Examples of real-time clinical telehealth include: Tele-audiology Telecardiology Teledentistry Telebehavioral Health —includes  telepsychiatry Telehomecare Teleneurology Telenursing Teleradiology Telerehabilitation

50. FUTURESTIC NURSING trends in futuristic nursing Service(practice) education Practice (nursing care) Research Administration Clinical nurse specialist {C.N.S} Nurse practitioner {N.P} academic administration  Adult nurse practitioner Family nurse practitioner Master’s education Acute care nurse practitioner Doctoral programs in nursing Geriatric nurse practitioner Bachelor of Science in management/ Pediatric nurse practitioner health care.

51. Women’s health nurse practitioner Certificate in Forensic Nursing Certificate in legal nurse consulting Certified nurse midwife (C.N.M.) MSN/ Masters of business Certified registered nurse anesthetist (C.R.N.A.) administration Other areas for practice in service. Master’s of science in nursing/ Master’s of health administration Mobile nursing MSN/ Health care Education Space nursing Certified nurse practitioner Licensed practical nurse

52. benefits of nursing technology are- Systems and software designed to reduce the amount of time nurses must spend on tasks such as tracking down equipment. locating and collaborating with other staff members and updating patient charts. technology serves to improve accuracy and patient safety by reducing medical errors. preventing unauthorized people from entering a facility or accessing sensitive patient records. to improved accuracy, efficiency and safety. technology also allows nurses to spend more time on direct patient care.