Health needs assessment of wigan county.pptx

Presentation on health needs assessment of teenage/Adolescent female in Wigan.

1. ADOLESCENT FEMALES (13-17 YEARS) IN WIGAN, UNITED KINGDOM: A HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT Insert Student ID here

2. HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTISE HNA is a systematic process utilised to identify and prioritise the healthcare needs of a designated population or a particular community (Cavanagh & Chadwick, 2004) . Its main objective is to identify deficiencies in healthcare delivery & service and provide insight into the development of effective interventions & policies that can enhance health outcomes (Ravaghi et al., 2023) . HNA process can be summarised in five distinct steps: "Getting started" Identifying Health Needs of the target population Assessing a health need for action Action Planning for change Project implementation and review ( Cavanagh & Chadwick,2004)

3. Benefits Benefits (Riches, 2012) . Identifies & Prioritises the health needs of a population. Improves resource allocation. Facilitates collaboration Informs policy & decision-making. Enhance public health outcomes. Challenges Acquiring local data on health service organization & utilization. Inadequate evidence of the intervention costs. (Mathias, Mathias, & Hill, 2011) HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTISE

4. TARGET POPULATION Adolescents females, (13-17Yrs) Adolescent females aged between 13 to 17 years old living in Wigan, Greater Manchester. Wigan, Metropolitan Borough Estimated total population 329,330 ~50% of the population are females 166,330 ~11% of the population are females aged 10-19 years old. 37,231 ~15.1% of under 16 children live in low income families 8,800 Alcohol-related admissions & pregnancies are adolescents. 120 per 1000 (UK Office for National Statistics, 2021; Wigan Council, 2019)

5. Under 16s from low income families in Wigan was 18.1% & 15.1% i n 2016 & 2019 which exceeds the national average of 17.0% and 14.3% respectively. ( UK ONS, 2021; Wigan Council, 2019) Environment Air pollution was responsible for an estimated 4.4% of deaths among individuals over the age of 30 in Wigan in 2018. ( Public Health England, 2022). Health needs refer to the medical and health-related requirements that can be addressed through healthcare services and/or social and environmental reforms. (Ravaghi et al., 2023). HEALTH NEEDS & WIDER DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Social & Community networks Recent immigrants may encounter challenges in navigating the healthcare system due to language barriers/cultural differences. (Viner et al., 2012 ) (Cavanagh and Chadwick, 2004) Socioeconomic status Individual Lifestyle Risky behaviours like; alcohol/ drug abuse, casual sex, poor nutritional habits can affect health status & health seeking habits; Wigan has the highest number of alcoholics than the English average. ( Public Health England, 2021)

6. POPULATION HEALTH NEEDS Adolescent females (13-17 years) in Wigan Obesity is prevalent among Wigan residents; Year 6 prevalence of obesity (including severe obesity) is 23.5% , worse than the national average of 20.2% Nutritional & Dietary The rate for alcohol-specific hospital admissions among those U-18 is 59 *, worse than the average for England. This represents 40 admissions per year. Wigan records a high incidence of ED admissions due to intentional self-harm; suicide rates among adolescents (10+) is 12% compared with 9.64% nationally. Me ntal/ Psychological The rate of unplanned/teenage pregnancies is higher at 23.0% than the national average of 17.1% 14.8% of pregnant people of all ages smoked, compared with the national average of 10.6%. Sexual & Reproductive Violent crime - hospital admission rate for violence (including sexual violence) is 70.6% , worse than the national average of 44.9% Preventive Health (UK Office for National Statistics, 2021; Wigan Council, 2019)

7. PRIORITISING HEALTH NEEDS Size & Severity of need Wigan has the highest incidence of unintended pregnancies or conceptions among under 18 in the UK estimated at 23.0% or 120 teen pregnancies for every 1000 . (Public Health England, 2022). Impact of teenage pregnancies Adolescent mothers are at increased risk of experiencing complications during pregnancy & childbirth, greater rates of poverty & lower educational attainment. ( Sedgh et al., 2015). feasibility of Change evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of public health interventions in reducing rates of teenage pregnancy ( Oringanje et al., 2016). Unplanned Pregnancies among adolescent females (under 18)

8. Aim To reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancies among adolescents (13-17 years) living in Wigan, by fostering socio-behavioural changes through sex education and improving access to reproductive health services.

9. To increase the use of contraception among adolescent females aged 13 to 17,who are sexually active. Will be measured by the increase in the proportion of sexually active adolescent females who report using contraception consistently. Will be achievable by providing sex education and access to contraception to adolescent females in a school-based setting. It will be implemented over a period of 6 months. OBJECTIVES & GOALS OF THE INTERVENTION Specific S M A R T Relevant Time Based Attainable Measurable

10. PROJECT MEMBERS KEY STAKEHOLDERS Project Manager Public Health Specialists Data Analysts Community Outreach workers. Healthcare Providers & Educators Adolescent Females Parents and Families: Educational Institutions Community Organisations . Local Government Officials . Mass media personnel

11. ACTION PLAN ACTIVITIES PROJECT MEMBERS TIME FRAME RESOURCES NEEDED A 5-Day, interactive school-based sex education sessions with discussions. Project manager, Public Health Specialists, community outreach organisers, Healthcare providers,Health educators. 4 Weeks Educational materials, Audiovisual equipment, venue, consent forms, Evaluation tools, reproductive health resources like condoms. Access to contraceptive methods made available through school-based health clinics. Health providers and educators. 4months Condoms,contraceptives, health education pamphlets & patient education leaflets. Publicity/ social media awareness campaigns on Safe sex & use of contraceptives. Public health specialists 2months Mobile devices, multimedia on intervention core content

12. RISK ASSESSMENT POTENTIAL RISKS STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME RISKS Resistance from stakeholders Collaborate with stakeholders such as the peer counsellors, parents & caregivers,the community leaders to convince the target population to follow through and participate. (Altman, 2009). Stigmatisation Address stigmatisation by involving adolescent girls in the development of interventions and ensuring that interventions are delivered in a supportive, non-judgmental manner. L imited access to healthcare Improving access to healthcare by partnering with healthcare providers and ensuring that contraceptives are made accessible and the interventions are tailored to the needs of the target population. Lack of sustained funding Fundraise from local health scheme of women’s and children’s health or reproductive health within the council, Approach stakeholder NGOs and the National health service.

13. Evaluation of programme outcomes establishes whether the intended outcome was attained. comparing the rates of teenage pregnancies in the target population before and after the intervention, the effectiveness of the intervention is evaluated by changes in the rate of teen pregnancies in the target population. (Limbani et al., 2019) EVALUATION PROCESS EVALUATION A process evaluation focuses on what obstacles have been encountered and what improvements are required in order to provide early feedback on whether the programme is being executed as intended. Several process metrics are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, such as participant feedback, attendance, and educator evaluations . (Limbani et al., 2019) . OUTCOME EVALUATION

14. SUMMARY HNA PROCESS OUTLINE IDENTIFIED HEALTH NEEDS PRIORITISED HEALTH NEEDS TARGET POPULATION OF CHOICE AIMS & OBJECTIVES 1 3 2 5 4 ACTION PLAN 6 RESOURCE REQUIRED & FUNDING 7 RISK ASSESSMENT 8 EVALUATION 7

15. REFERENCES Altman, D.G. (2009). Challenges in Sustaining Public Health Interventions. Health Education & Behavior, [online] 36(1), pp.24–28. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/45056413 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2023]. Cavanagh, S. and Chadwick, K. (2004). Health Need Assessment: Practical Guide. [online] Scotland: Health Improvement Scotland, pp.6–86. Available at: http://ihub.scot/healthimprovementscotland [Accessed 17 Apr. 2023]. Limbani, F., Goudge, J., Joshi, R., Maar, M.A., Miranda, J.J., Oldenburg, B., Parker, G., Pesantes, M.A., Riddell, M.A., Salam, A., Trieu, K., Thrift, A.G., Van Olmen, J., Vedanthan, R., Webster, R., Yeates, K. and Webster, J. (2019). Process evaluation in the field: global learnings from seven implementation research hypertension projects in low-and middle-income countries. BMC Public Health, 19(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7261-8 . Mathias, K.R., Mathias, J.M. and Hill, P.C. (2011). An Asset-Focused Health Needs Assessment in a Rural Community in North India. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), pp.NP2623–NP2634. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539511421193 . Oringanje, C., Meremikwu, M.M., Eko, H., Esu, E., Meremikwu, A. and Ehiri, J.E. (2016). Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, [online] (2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005215.pub3.

16. REFERENCES Ravaghi, H., Guisset, A.-L., Elfeky, S., Nasir, N., Khani, S., Ahmadnezhad, E. and Abdi, Z. (2023). A scoping review of community health needs and assets assessment: concepts, rationale, tools and uses. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08983-3 . Riches, N. (2012). Assessing the Health Needs of a Population. InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice, 5(12), pp.719–724. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/innovait/ins170 . UK Office for National Statistics (2021). Wigan (Greater Manchester, North West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information. [online] www.citypopulation.de. Available at: https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/northwestengland/greater_manchester/E63001177__wigan/ [Accessed 17 Apr. 2023]. Wigan Council (2019). Joint Strategic Needs Assessment: Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. [online] GOV.UK, Wigan, Greater Manchester: Wigan Council: Public Health, pp.2017–19. Available at: https://www.wigan.gov.uk/Docs/PDF/Resident/Health-Social-Care/JSNA-Life-Expectancy.pdf . World Health Organization (2023). Adolescent health. [online] www.who.int. Available at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health [Accessed 17 Apr. 2023].