Health planning and management

VI & VII SEMESTER COMBINE CLASS

1. Health planning and Management Dr.Sahithyaa Assistant Professor Dept. of Community Medicine

2. Health planning and Management Planning is for tomorrow and management is for today. - match limited resources but many problems. - eliminate waste and duplication. - d evelop best course of action. Planning needed since health care cost is up. Essential for higher standard of health. 2

3. Planning 3 steps A) Plan formulation. B) Execution. C) Evaluation. Team work and consultation involves inter- sectoral coordination. National development via sectoral planning Continuous, systematic, co-ordinated 3

4. Health planning Part of nation development. Orderly process of defining community health problems. Identifying unmet needs. Surveying resources. Establishing priority goals and projecting feasible administrative action. 4

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8. Health needs, Demands and Resources Deficiencies in health that calls for preventive, curative , control or eradication measures. People perceive needs which experts do not identify. Manpower, money, materials , skills, knowledge etc. Wastage of resources if there is poor planning. 8

9. Objectives, Targets and Goals. An objective is precise- achieved or not, and is the planned end point of all activities. A target is discrete activity – number of anything. Target concerns with factors in a problem while objective deals with problem directly. Goal is ultimate state towards which objectives and resources are directed. Goal is not constrained by time, nor necessarily attainable. 9

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11. Prevention Over – ambitions hopes of eradication in short time usually fails. Change will be slow. Legal approach: legislation,ban and restriction at various levels. Prohibition of ads, sale to minors, in public places Use of health warnings on packs. 11

12. Plan Blue print for taking action. Programme: sequence of activities designed to implement policies and accomplish objectives. Schedule: time sequence for work to be done. Procedures : set of rules for carrying work. Policies: Guiding principles, stated as an expectation, not a commandment. 12

13. Pre-planning Government interest. Legislation Organization for planning. Administrative capacity. Planning cycle: planning involves succession of steps. 13

14. Planning cycle Analysis of Health situation: - collection, assessment and interpretation of information. Data needed such as, The population, its age and sex structure. Statistics of morbidity and mortality. Knowledge, attitude and practice of people 14

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16. Establishment , assessment and priorities. Objectives are essential. They are broad at upper level but get more specified at lower levels. Objectives are short term and long term. Balance is needed for resource allocation. Priorities need to be established and then alternate plans should be formulated. 16

17. Plan, Programming and Implementation Prepare detailed plans with inputs and outputs. Plan with working guidance and built in evaluation. Implementation considerations - definition of roles and tasks. - selection, training, motivation and supervision. - organization and communication - efficiency 17

18. Monitoring and Evaluation Day to day follow up of activities. Continuous process of observing, recording and reporting. Keeping track of activities and identifying deviation. Evaluation is concerned with final outcome. Measures the degree to which objectives, targets and quality are fulfilled. 18

19. M anagement Highly confusing.. term The purposeful and effective use of resources for fulfilling predetermined objectives. 4 basic activities - Planning - Organizing - Communicating - Monitoring Who emphasizes modern management techniques . 19

20. Management methods and techniques Based on behavioural science Organizational design: M ust meet demands of the people, reviewed every few years. Personnel Management: Skill full use of human resources. Like incentives, promotions, teams etc. Communication: E ffective functioning of organisation. Blocks exist at various levels. Information systems: Collection, classification, transmission, storage etc. 20

21. Management methods and techniques Quantitative Methods: Cost-Benefit analysis: economic benefits are compared with cost of the programme. - Benefits are expressed in monetary terms. - Scope limited Cost effective analysis: benefits are expressed in terms of results achieved. Cost-accounting: cost structure of every activity accounted. 3 important purpose- cost control, planning, pricing of reimbursement. 21

22. Management methods and techniques Input-Output analysis: I nput is resources and output is outcome. How much input for a unit change in output. Model and systems analysis: Model is basic concept in management. It is an abstraction of reality. Systems analysis: helps to find the const effective alternative 22

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24. Management methods and techniques Network analysis: Graphic plan of all events and activities. PERT: Programme evaluation and review technique. -involves arrow diagram - it furnishes continuous, timely progress reports. Critical Path Method: Longest path of any network 24

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26. Management methods and techniques Planning – Programming Budgeting system: helps to allocate resource. Work sampling: Systematic observation and recording of activities at predetermined or random intervals. Decision Making: 26

27. Thank you 27