health problem in india for nursing students

Health problems in India may be grouped under following headings like communicable diseases, nutrition problems, environmental sanitation problems, population problems and health care services problems.
National Health Policy is an initiative by the Central Government to strengthen the health system in India.

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MS.VENMATHLK
NURSING TUTOR
GANGA COLEEGE OF NURSING

3. Health Problems in India

INTRODUCTION:-

Assessment of health status and health problems is
the first requisites for any planned effort to
develop health services . India was one of the
pioneers in heath services planning with a focus
primary health care .

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4. Definition of health problem

e Health problems is a state in which person is
unable to function normally (state of ill health
‚unhealthiness).

Major health problems :-
e There are various health problems in India which
can be categorized in following:-

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5. 1- communicable
non
communicable
problems

5- Population 2- Nutritional
problems problems

ia

4- Medical Environmental
problems & sanitation
problems

cana INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

6. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

7. 1- Communicable Problems

e Communicable disease continue to be major
problems in India . Disease considered to be of
great importance today are :

1. Malaria:-

» Malaria continues to be a major health problem in
India.

» Although total malaria cases has decline compare
to previous year, the proportion of P. falciparum
has increased.

» Malaria cases have increased in northeast state
MP, Jharkhand,Andhra
pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra etc.

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8. 2. Tuberculosis :-

+ Tuberculosis remains a public health problem, with
India accounting for one-fifth of the world
incidence.

+ Every year about 2.6 million person develop
tuberculosis.

+ 0.24 million people are die of TB every year.

3. Diarrheal diseases:-

» Diarrheal disease constitute one of the major
causes of morbidity and mortality, specially in
children below 5 yrs of age.

> 10.76 million cases of diarrheal each year.
4. ARI:-
Acute respiratory disease is one of the major cause

9. > During 2013, 31.7 million episodes of ARI were
reported with 3.278 deaths.

5. Leprosy :-

> Leprosy is another important public health problems
in India .

> During the year 2013-2014 total of 1.27lakh new
cases were detected, out of which child cases were
9.49%.

» India has achieved the goal of leprosy elimination at
national level.

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10. 6. falaria:-

+ The problem of filaria remains endemic in about 250
district in 20 states.

» achieve the elimination of LF, the GOVT. of India
has launched nationwide annual MASS DRUG
ADMINISTRATION .with annual single dose of
diethylcar — bamazine citrates tablets in addition to
scaling up home based foot care and hydrocele
operations.

> In 2012 ,250 endemic district implemented MDA
targeting a population of about 554 million with the
coverage rate of 87%.

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11. 7. AIDS:-

» The problem of AIDS is stable .

> It is estimated that by the year 2012there were about
2.08 million HIV positive cases in the country .

8. Others :-

> Kala azar , meningitis , viral hepatitis , JE , dengue
fever , enteric fever, and helminthes infestation are
among the other important communicable disease
problems in India.

> These problems can be overcome by, such
measures, as manipulation of environment, practice
if preventive medicine and improvement of standards
of living .

12. *

200) Q

Cardiovascular Diabetes Chronic
Diseases Respiratory
Diseases

NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES

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Cancer

13. 2- Non- communicable disease
problems

»NCDs , especially diabetes mellitus , CVD,
Cancer, stroke, and chronic lung disease have
emerged as major public health problems due to
an aging population and environmentally — driven
change behavior .

+ Cancer has become an important public health
problem in India with an estimated 7 & 9 lakhs
cases occurring every year.

«In , India more then 12 million people are blinds .

+ Most of the district hospitals have a post of dental
surgeon but they lack equipment , machinery,
material.

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14. 3- Nutritional problems

» From the Nutritional points of, the indian society
is a dual society, consisting of small group of well
fed and a very large group of undernourished.

+ The specific nutritional problems in the country
are :-

P GANGA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES:

15. AA ED GANGA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES ¿ER

16. ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

Soe E

Nun MSTTUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCE

17. 4- Environmental Sanitation
problems

+ The most difficult problems to tackle in the
country is perhaps the environmental sanitation
problem, which is multifacted & multifactorial.

+ Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting
health through prevention of human contact the
hazards of wastes.

e Hazards can be physical, microbiological,
biological, or chemical agents disease.

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18. + Open defecation is a huge problems in rural areas
though it has reduced but the practice not completely
vanished .

» It is estimated that 1 in every 10 deaths in Indian
villages, is linked to sanitation and hygiene.

e In 2012, minister of development stated India has
the worlds largest “open air toilet”.

+ This is of greater concern as of deaths from diarrhea
occur because of unsafe water, inadequate
sanitation & poor hygiene .

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19. — - DGANCA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES :

20. 5- Medical problems

+ India has a national health policy. It does not
have a national health service.

« The financial resources are considered
inadequate to furnish the costs of running such a
service.

+ The government spending on health care is
grossly inadequate. It spends about 1% of the
national GDP on health care .

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21. e The main medical problems are:-

> over crowded hospitals .
> Lack of manpower.
> Inadequate availability and accessibility.

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23. 6- population problems

+ Population problems is one of the major problems
of India that is called the population explosion.

+ In 2011, estimated that India with 1,220,200,000
(1.22 billion) people and is the second most
population country in the worlds.

+ Both domestic and global population growth is
adding to conflict over water , energy, food, open
space, and wilderness, transportation
infrastructure, schools rooms, and numerous
other problems .

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