Health psychology introduction ppts stud

introduction of health psychology

1. Introduction to Health Psychology

2. "Once again, the patient as a human being with worries, fears, hopes, and despairs... is becoming the legitimate object of medical interest." Sandra Haro Franz Alexander (1950)

3. H ealth as the absence of disease (western Traditional) conceptualizes disease solely as a biological process that is a result of exposure to a specific pathogen Spur development of drug and medical technology. Definition of health

4. Biopsychosocial model emerge Throughout the 20th century, adherence to the biomedical model allowed medicine to conquer or control many of the diseases that once ravaged humanity. chronic illnesses began to replace infectious diseases as leading causes of death, the biomedical model became insufficient. the approach to health that includes biological, psychological, and social influences. This model holds that many diseases result from a combination of factors such as genetics, physiology, social support, personal control, stress, compliance, personality, poverty, ethnic back g round , and cultural belief Originate of BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL

5. biopsychosocial model has at least two advantages over the older biomedical model: First , it incorporates not only biological conditions but also psychological and social factors, s econd , it views health as a positive condition Biopsychosocial model : This view stresses the importance of considering biological, psychological, and social influences on health. Holistic health approach : Comprehensive health involves balancing physical, mental, and social factors. Benefits of BPS model

6. World Health Organization (WHO) wrote into the preamble of its constitution a modern, Western definition : “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” WHO definition of health

7. The biopsychosocial model recognizes that psychological and emotional factors contribute to physical health problems. not new, as Socrates and Hippocrates proposed similar ideas. Sigmund Freud also proposed that unconscious psychological factors could contribute to physical symptoms The Contribution of Psychosomatic Medicine

8. Walter Cannon's discovery : Emotions are accompanied by physiological changes, showing emotional causes can lead to illness. Helen Flanders Dunbar's contribution : She linked personality traits to specific diseases, suggesting habitual emotional responses could influence health. Franz Alexander's view : Emotional conflicts were seen as precursors to certain diseases, building on the relationship between emotions and illness. Psychosomatic illnesses : Specific diseases like peptic ulcers, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma were considered psychosomatic, linking emotional and physical health. Mind-body dualism : The separation of mind and body (originating with Descartes) led to skepticism about psychosomatic disorders being "real." Impact of psychosomatic medicine : It connected emotional and physical conditions, but also led to misunderstanding, with some illnesses being dismissed as "all in the head." Foundation for biopsychosocial model : Psychosomatic medicine paved the way for the broader biopsychosocial approach to health and disease. The Contribution of Psychosomatic Medicine

9. psychosomatic medicine movement, two interrelated disciplines emerged: behavioral medicine and health psychology Behavioral medicine definition : It's an interdisciplinary field integrating behavioral and biomedical sciences to improve prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation in health and illness (Schwartz & Weiss, 1978). Integration of sciences : Behavioral medicine combines psychology and behavioral sciences with medicine to achieve its health-related goals. Health psychology's emergence : The APA task force in 1976 noted that few psychologists were involved in health research. This led to the creation of Division 38 of the APA in 1978, formally establishing the field of health psychology. The Emergence of Behavioral Medicine

10. Health psychology goals : It focuses on how behaviors and lifestyles impact physical health, aiming to enhance health, prevent disease, identify health risk factors, and improve the healthcare system. Application of psychological principles : Health psychology applies psychological knowledge to areas like stress management, smoking cessation, exercise promotion, and managing chronic diseases. Biopsychosocial model promotion : Health psychology supports the biopsychosocial model, acknowledging how psychological, social, and biological factors interact to produce health-related outcomes. Clinical health psychology : This branch is increasingly recognized within multidisciplinary healthcare teams, contributing to research on the interconnections among psychological, social, and biological factors in health. Psychological and sociological pathways : A key goal is identifying how psychological and sociological factors affect biological processes, thereby influencing physical health. The Emergence of Behavioral Medicine

11. The profession of health psyholoys Health psychology as a distinct field : It has emerged as a unique profession with specialized associations and research journals. Dedicated publications : Health psychologists publish in journals such as Health Psychology and Annals of Behavioral Medicine . Specialized training : Health psychologists receive specific doctoral and postdoctoral training programs. Recognition in various settings : Health psychology is acknowledged in medical schools, public health institutions, universities, and hospitals. Psychology-based training : Despite working in diverse health-related environments, health psychologists are trained within the field of psychology.

12. The profession of health psyholoys Health psychologists are psychologists first and specialists in health second , but the training in health is extensive. People who pursue research in health psychology must learn the topics, theories, and methods of health psychology research. Health psychologists who provide clinical care, known as clinical health psychologists, must learn clinical skills and how to practice as part of a health care team. Some health psychologists also seek

13. The profession of health psyholoys Medical subspecialty training : Health psychologists receive training in medical subspecialties like neurology, endocrinology, immunology, and epidemiology. Doctoral and postdoctoral training : Training in health psychology may occur during a doctoral program, with many psychologists pursuing at least 2 years of postdoctoral specialized training after earning a PhD or PsyD . Practicums and internships : Clinical health psychology training often includes practicums and internships in healthcare settings such as hospitals and clinics. Specialized focus : The training is designed to equip health psychologists with knowledge in both psychological and medical fields to address health-related

14. Work of Health Psychologist Diverse work settings : Health psychologists work in various environments, including universities, government agencies (e.g., CDC, NIH), hospitals, clinics, HMOs, and private practice, depending on their specialty. Research focus : Some health psychologists, like Angela Bryan, focus on research in disease-related behaviors, interventions, and treatments, often in collaboration with other health professionals. Clinical roles : Clinical health psychologists are employed in hospitals, pain clinics, and community clinics, providing alternatives to pharmacological treatments (e.g., biofeedback) and behavioral interventions for disorders like chronic pain and gastrointestinal issues. Behavioral interventions : They work to improve patient compliance with medical regimens and offer psychological assessments and treatments for patients coping with disease.

15. Prevention and behavior change : Those focused on prevention are likely to work in HMOs, school-based prevention programs, or workplace wellness programs. Teaching and research : Many health psychologists combine teaching with research, while those in service delivery settings focus more on diagnosis and interventions. Allied health roles : Some health psychology students pursue careers in allied health professions like social work, occupational therapy, dietetics, or public health. Public health contributions : Health psychologists play a role in monitoring health trends, developing educational interventions, and influencing public health policies like taxes, warning labels, and nutrition information on products. Promotion of health : Health psychologists contribute to health promotion in diverse ways, including policy development, awareness campaigns, and direct patient care.

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