Health psychology presentation byy btech

this is a health psychology slides presentation

1. Health Psychology M.HAROON RAZA (RP21-EE-401) RANA ABDULLAH (RP21-EE-408) MOHSIN AASHIQ (RP21-EE-410) MALIK WALEED-UZ-ZAMAAN(RP21-EE-411) HAMMAD SAJJAD (RP21-EE-432 ) ANEES SOHAIL (RP21-EE-419)

2. What is Health Psychology ? Focus how different factors involve in health and illness such as Social, biology and behavior. Interdisciplinary field of psychology what people think about their different condition of health such as good and bad health. Concerned with the ways in which we, as individuals, behave and interact with others in sickness and in healt h. How do they relate to health and illness, why ? Example : Smoking termination.(how to quit, how people help)?

3. When did Health Psychology begin? When? Conference in USA in 1978 Creation of a section devoted to health psychology in the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1979 British Psychological Association (BPA) only set up a section in 1986, which was formerly recognised in 1997 .

4. why did Health Psychology begin? Why? In order to prevent and maintain health. To identify the biological factors that cause. To identify the causes of health and illness. Changing illness pattern (how people response to illness and it’s improvement). Offering quality health care services ( reaction of people by offering quality health care ). Aiding technology and research ( how technology helps to improvement) Health related policy (different policy for better health and solve issue)

5. Matarazzo’s 1980 definition Health psychology is the : promotion and maintenance of health, Education and skill building prevention and treatment of illness, Assessment and social support the identification of causes and diagnostic correlates of health, Relation pain and psychological factors the analysis and improvement of the health care system and health policy formation.

6. Historical and Cultural Origins Basic ideas and concepts have been around for a long time: Relationship between mind and body Study of psychosomatic disorders owes much to Freud. Changing patterns of illness and disease

7. Changing Patterns of Illness & Disease Contageous diseases and infections now contribute minimally to illness and death in the Western World. Major breakthroughs in science have reduced prevalence of smallpox, rubella, influenza and polio. Most deaths now caused by heart disease, cancer and strokes. These diseases, studies suggest, are a by-product of life- style. By 1970s health spending in Western countries was getting out of control. Governments began to explore disease prevention and health promotion.

8. Behavioral medicine is a multidisciplinary field that recognizes the powerful influence of behavior on health and illness. By leveraging the principles of psychology, medicine, and public health. Behavioral medicine interventions aim to promote healthy behaviors and manage or even cure certain diseases.

9. Major Causes of Death in 21 st Those in which behavioural pathogens are the single most important factor. These are personal habits such as smoking, excessive drinking, over- eating and not exercising which can influence the onset and course of a disease. Fighting diseases endemic in different parts of the world can be affected by behaviour and attitude e.g. malaria.

10. The Biomedical Model Diseases come from outside the body and invade it, causing internal physical changes or Diseases originate in the body as internal, involuntary physical changes. Diseases are caused by chemical imbalances, bacteria, viruses or genetic pre-disposition. Individuals are not responsible for their illnesses, which are from biological changes beyond their control. People who are ill are victims. Treatment should consist of vaccination, surgery, chemotherapy or radio therapy, all of which aim to change the health.

11. The Biomedical Model continued Physical state of the body. Responsibility for treatment lies with the medical profession, Health and illness are qualitatively different. You are either healthy or ill; there is no continuum between them. Mind and body function independently of each other. The abstract mind relates to feelings and thoughts and is incapable of influencing physical matter. Illness may have psychological consequences, but not psychological causes.

12. The Role of Stress in Health 1 Impact on Physical Health Chronic stress has been linked to various physical health problems, including cardiovascular issues, weakened immune function, and digestive disturbances. 2 Psychological Effects Stress can significantly impact mental health, leading to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and burnout. 3 Coping Strategies Understanding effective stress management techniques is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.

13. The Impact of Social Support on Health Emotional Support Emotional support provides individuals with reassurance, empathy, and a sense of companionship, contributing to overall well-being. Instrumental Support Practical assistance, such as help with daily tasks, financial support, and access to resources, has a tangible impact on health outcomes. Informational Support Access to knowledge, advice, and guidance through social networks can empower individuals to make informed health decisions.

14. The Biopsychosocial Model In opposition to these ideas, Health Psychology argues that human beings should be seen as complex systems. Illness is often caused by a combination of biological ( e.g. viruses) and psychological (e.g. behaviour and beliefs) and social (e.g. poor housing, unemployment) factors. These assumptions reflect the biopsychosocial model of health and illness, reflecting the changes in the nature of illness, causes of death and life expectancy of the 20 th . Health Psychologists are interested in ‘normal’ everyday behaviour and ‘normal’ psychological processes in relation to health and illness, rather than in psychopathology or abnormal behaviour.

15. 20 th Changes in the nature of Illness The biopsychosocial model reflects fundamental changes in the nature of illness, causes of death and overall life expectancy during the 20 th . Average life expectancy in the the USA has increased from 48 in 1900 to 76 today. There is the same rate of increase for most Western, industrialised nations. This is due mainly to the virtual elimination of infectious diseases such as pneumonia, ‘flu’, TB, diptheria, scarlet fever, measles, typhoid and polio as causes of death.

16. Major Killers of the 20 th and 21 st HIV/AIDS increased the number of infection-related deaths in the West in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a major killer in Africa, reducing life expectancy to the 30s in some nations. Poverty and poor nutrition has reduced life expectancy in Burma, for example, to 48. Today’s major killers are cardiovascular diseases-heart disease and strokes and cancers. Cardiovascular diseases account for about 40% of all deaths in industrialised countries.

17. Acculturation The process of adaptation to a new host culture is called ‘acculturation.’ Cross-cultural psychologists believe that there is complex pattern of continuity and change in how people who have developed in one cultural context adapt when they move to and live in a new cultural context. The longer immigrants live in the host country (increasing acculturation) their health status migrates to the national norm of that country. For immigrants to Canada from 26 out of 29 countries, their coronary heart disease rates shifted to the Canadian norm. Similar patterns have been found for stomach and intestinal cancer among immigrants to the USA. One possible explanation is exposure to widely shared risk factors in the physical environment, such as climate, pollution, pathogens.

18. Pursuit of Assimilation or Integration Pursuing assimilation or integration as a way to acculturation may expose immigrants to cultural risk factors, such as diet, lifestyle and substance abuse. This ‘behavioural shift’ interpretation would be supported if health status both improved and declined relative to national norms. Main evidence points to a decline. This supports the ‘acculturation stress interpretation; that the very stress of acculturation may involve risk factors that can reduce health status. This is supported by evidence that stress can reduce resistance to diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Berry 1998.