Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in the Energy Sector

Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in the Energy Sector

1. Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in the Energy Sector Protecting People, Preserving the Planet, Ensuring Sustainable Operations Mugerwa James Lecture 8

2. Agenda Introduction to HSE HSE in Upstream Operations HSE in Midstream Operations HSE in Downstream Operations Health Considerations & Assessments Environmental Considerations & Assessments Safety Considerations & Assessments Lecture 8 HSE 2

3. 1 Introduction

4. Defining HSE: A Cornerstone of Responsible Operations Lecture 8 HSE 4 Health : Protecting the physical and mental well-being of all personnel. Safety : Preventing incidents, injuries, and occupational illnesses. Environment : Minimizing impact on natural ecosystems, managing resources sustainably.

5. Importance Lecture 8 HSE 5 Health Safety and Environment (HSE) Moral & Ethical Responsibility: This is the most fundamental and human reason for prioritizing HSE. Legal & Regulatory Compliance : Beyond ethics, robust HSE practices are a non-negotiable legal requirement. Financial Implications: Accidents and environmental incidents carry a heavy financial burden. Operational Efficiency & Business Continuity: Strong HSE isn't a drag on operations; it actually enhances efficiency. Social License to Operate & Stakeholder Trust: In today's world, public perception is everything.

6. 2 HSE in Upstream Operations

7. Key Upstream Activities Lecture 8 HSE 7 Geophysical Surveys (Seismic) Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Production Operations (Oil, Gas, Water Separation Exploration Drilling (Onshore & Offshore) Well Completion and Development Decommissioning

8. Upstream HSE Hazards Lecture 8 HSE 8 Blowouts, kicks (uncontrolled release of formation fluids). Well Control Incidents Highly toxic, flammable gas Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Weather, vessel collisions, person overboard. Marine Operations (Offshore) Equipment failure, uncontrolled energy release. High Pressure/High Temperature (HPHT) Challenges for emergency response, logistics Remote Locations Dropped objects, crushing injuries Heavy Lifting & Rigging Asphyxiation, toxic atmospheres Confined Space Entry

9. HSE Focus Areas for Upstream: Management Strategies Lecture 8 HSE 9 Ensuring wellbore stability and control throughout its lifecycle. Well Integrity Management Preventing major accidents involving hazardous chemicals. Process Safety Management (PSM) Blowout contingency, oil spill response plans. Emergency Preparedness & Response Rigorous vetting and oversight of third-party contractors. Contractor Safety Management Safe movement of personnel and materials (air, marine, road). Logistics & Transport Safety For new exploration and drilling projects. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA):

10. 3 HSE in Midstream Operations

11. Midstream Overview & Activities Lecture 8 HSE 11 Pipelines (Crude Oil, Natural Gas, NGLs, Refined Products) Gas Processing Plants (Separation of NGLs, impurities removal) Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Terminals (Liquefaction, Regasification) Storage Terminals (Tank Farms) Shipping (Tankers), Rail, Trucking Activities involved in the processing, storage, and transportation of crude oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum products.

12. Midstream HSE Hazards Lecture 8 HSE 12 Environmental contamination, fire, explosion, public safety. Pipeline Leaks/Ruptures Release from tanks, vessels, or pipelines Flammable & Explosive Vapors Tanks, vessels, pipeline sections. Confined Space Entry Spills, collisions involving tankers, rail cars, trucks. Transport Accidents High-pressure gas and liquid systems Pressure Hazards Extreme cold in LNG operations (frostbite, material embrittlement). High-pressure gas and liquid systems Aging infrastructure leading to failures Corrosion & Integrity Issues

13. 6 Layers Lecture 8 HSE 13 Regular inspection, monitoring, maintenance, smart pigs. Pipeline Integrity Management Systems Critical for gas processing and LNG plants. Process Safety Management (PSM) Minimizing fugitive emissions from valves, flanges. Leak Detection & Repair (LDAR) Specific plans for pipeline ruptures, plant fires, spills. Emergency Response Planning Especially for long-haul transport operators Fatigue Management Capturing emissions from storage tanks Vapor Recovery Systems

14. 4 HSE in Downstream Operations

15. Key Activities 15 Oil Refineries (Crude distillation, cracking, reforming, etc.) Petrochemical Plants (Producing plastics, fertilizers, chemicals) Marketing & Distribution (Service stations, bulk terminals, retail) Lubricants & Special Products Manufacturing 01 02 03 04

16. Downstream HSE Hazards Lecture 8 HSE 16 High potential for fire, explosion, toxic release Major Accident Hazards (MAH) Wide range of toxic, corrosive, flammable chemicals Chemical Exposure Within reactors, furnaces, distillation columns High Temperatures & Pressures From pumps, compressors, furnaces Noise & Vibration Hazardous and non-hazardous waste streams Waste Generation Proximity to communities, transport of finished products Public Safety Complex operations, potential for human error Human Factors

17. Downstream HSE Management Strategies Lecture 8 HSE 17 Robust Process Safety Management (PSM): The cornerstone of safe downstream operations. Asset Integrity Management: Comprehensive inspection, maintenance, and turnaround planning Emergency Response Systems: Advanced firefighting capabilities, hazardous materials response.

18. …continued Lecture 8 HSE 18 Occupational Health Programs: Chemical exposure monitoring, medical surveillance. Waste Management & Pollution Control: Strict controls on air emissions, wastewater treatment Safety Culture & Human Factors: Promoting a strong safety culture, addressing human error Community Engagement: Open communication and emergency notification with local communities

19. 5 Health Considerations & Assessments

20. Occupational Health Lecture 8 HSE 20 Definition: The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations Goal: To prevent ill-health caused by working conditions, protect workers from risks, and place workers in an occupational environment adapted to their physiological and psychological capabilities.

21. Identifying Occupational Health Hazards Lecture 8 HSE 21 Chemical : Hydrocarbons (benzene), H2S, asbestos, acids, caustics, dusts. Physical : Noise (hearing loss), vibration (HAVS, WBV), extreme temperatures, radiation (NORM). Ergonomic : Repetitive strain injuries, manual handling, poor workstation design Biological : Pathogens (in remote camps), insect bites. Psychosocial : Stress, fatigue, shift work, long hours, bullying. Any workplace factors or exposures that can lead to injury, illness, disease, or other adverse health effects on employees.

22. Health Risk Assessments (HRA): Key Steps Lecture 8 HSE 22 Hazard Identification: What could cause harm? Exposure Assessment: Who is exposed? How? For how long? What are the levels? Risk Characterization: Likelihood and severity of health effects. Control Measures: Applying the Hierarchy of Controls (Elimination, Substitution, Engineering, Administrative, PPE). Monitoring & Review: Regular checks and updates Purpose To identify, evaluate, and control potential health risks to employees

23. Health Management Programs Lecture 8 HSE 23 Industrial Hygiene Medical Surveillance Fatigue Management Systems Fitness for Work Wellness Programs Emergency Medical Response Policies and tools to mitigate fatigue risks Pre-employment, periodic, and exit medical examinations tailored to exposures. Monitoring workplace exposures (air quality, noise, chemicals). Ensuring employees are medically capable of performing their duties safely. Promoting healthy lifestyles, nutrition, exercise, and mental well-being. On-site medical facilities, trained medics, evacuation procedures.

24. Workplace Safety: Key Principles Lecture 8 HSE 24 Leadership Commitment & Accountability Employee Participation & Empowerment Systematic Risk Management Continuous Improvement & Learning

25. Thank you! Any questions?