Heat stroke management and its control measurespresentation

This is a ppt on heat stroke related health issues and its control measures

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Heat Related
Injuries
What Everyone Should Know.

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Introduction
How to identify, treat and prevent
heat related illness/injury.
Stephen T. Hewitt, D.O.

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Topics of Discussion
Statistics
Factors
Heat exhaustion vs. heat stroke
-diagnosis
-treatment
-prevention

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Statistics
Uncommon occurrence in silos
-under reported?
To date, approximately 20 reported
cases of heat related injury/illness
in Riley county

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Statistics
Agricultural work fatalities by source of
injury, 21 states, 1997
-36% tractor
-25% all other
-19% agricultural machines
-7% other vehicle
-5% animal
-4% truck
-4% ground/floor

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Factors
Body’s response to heat is comparative
to the cooling system of an automobile:
-Coolant (blood) is circulated by a pump
(heart) from the hot inner core to a
radiator (skin cooled by the evaporation
of sweat).
-Increased temperature is sensed and
coolant flow altered by a system of
pipes, valves and reservoirs.

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Factors
Increased heat production
-exercise, exertion
-infection, fever
-agitation
-drugs (amphetamines, LSD,
cocaine, caffeine)
-hyperthyroidism
Impaired heat dissipation
-lack of acclimatization

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Factors
-high ambient temperature
-high ambient humidity
-obesity
-heavy clothing
-dehydration
-cardiovascular disease
-extremes of age
-drugs (diuretics, anticholinergics, sweat
gland dysfunction)

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Heat Exhaustion vs.
Heat Stroke

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Heat Exhaustion
Clinical syndrome characterized by
volume depletion that occurs under
conditions of heat stress.
Most common form of heat illness
Less severe than heat stroke

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Heat exhaustion
Signs:
vague malaise, fatigue, headache
core temperature often normal, if
elevated, less than 104 degrees F.
mental function normal
fast heart rate, low blood pressure
dizziness, nausea/vomiting
sweating persists and may be profuse

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Heat Exhaustion
Treatment
move to cooler environment
(shade, air conditioning)
replace fluids (cooled)
-electrolyte solutions i.e.,
Gatorade
-water
seek medical advice

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Heat Exhaustion
Prevention
Work during cooler hours of the
day
Adequate hydration
-should urinate every 2-3 hours
Regular rest periods

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Heat Stroke
Thermoregulatory failure after exposure
to high environmental temperatures and
humidity
Catastrophic life-threatening medical
emergency with high mortality rate
Accounts for 4000 deaths annually in the
United States
Most likely to occur in young, healthy
persons involved in strenuous physical
activity

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Heat Stroke
Signs (in addition to signs of heat
exhaustion)
Coma, seizures, confusion
Core temperature 105.8 F or
higher
Dry, hot skin (sweat may be
present)

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Heat stroke
Treatment
CALL 911 IMMEDIATELY!
Immediate cooling
-bathe in cool/cold water
-move to shaded area or air
conditioning

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Heat Stroke
Prevention
Early recognition of heat
exhaustion and appropriate action
KNOW WHEN TO QUIT!

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Heat stroke
In 80% of cases, onset of heat
stroke is sudden and the patient
becomes confused or comatose.
Seizures occur in 70% of cases

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Real Life
July 2001 in Riley county, a man
was treated at local E.D. for heat
stroke
-he had been welding/working
inside an emptied fuel tanker
Comparable to work/extremes of
temperature inside silos

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What This Means
When heat and humidity are
extreme, exertion is not necessary
to produce heat related problems.
Microclimates conducive to heat
illness are produced in the interiors
of enclosed areas, i.e., silos, tanks,
food processing facilities, etc.

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Summary
Early recognition and treatment
prevents hospitalization and death!