HEIA LEIA AND LEISA

Farming systems and sustainable Agriculture

1. RAJA BHOJ KRISHI MAHA VIDHYALAYA BALAGHAT (MP) Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture Presentation on :- HEIA LEIA and LEISA Presented to:- Dr.Pooja Goswami Assistant professor Agronomy Presented by:- Manish Rajoriya Bsc Agriculture (Hons) 2 nd year 2 nd semester Enrollment no:-210501021

2. HEIA LEIA and LEISA HEIA, LEIA, and LEISA are three related approaches to sustainable agriculture that focus on  incorporating the needs and knowledge of local communities into agricultural development . 

3. High External Input Agriculture (HEIA) High external input Agriculture (HEIA) are technologies that utilize high external inputs such as inorganic or chemical fertilizers to increase nutrient depletion from the soil, pesticides to control pests and diseases, herbicides to control weeds and irrigation facilities for water management in the farms. These technologies are often beyond the financial reach of the small – holder farmers.

4. Advantages of HEIA Agricultural Production could be rapidly increased to meet the demand for food for the increasing population.
Income and profit margins of the products were Increased.
New improved varieties gave yields within a short period of time.
Mechanization solves the problem of labour shortage.
Productivity of land increased.
Increased market facilities for production. Malnutrition problem was efficiently managed.

5. Disadvantages of HEIA Collapse of environmental balance due to lack of biodiversity by planting a few cash crops.
Increase in soil erosion due to constant furrowing by machinery.
Dependence on imported machinery, chemical fertilizer, pesticides, hybrid seeds and other inputs.
Extensive use of pesticides disturbed the natural mechanism of controlling pest and diseases as the artificial pesticides kill both pests and their natural enemies.
Use of artificial agro-chemicals adversely affected the soil pH, cation exchange capacity, soil structure, soil texture and soil organisms. Consequently the microbial activities of the soil tend to reduce forming dead soil.

6. Low External Input Agriculture (LEIA) Low external input agriculture” (LEIA) is a type of agriculture that relies on low amounts of external inputs such as synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and fossil fuels. This approach focuses on using local resources and knowledge to promote sustainable farming practices that improve soil health, conserve natural resources, and increase biodiversity.

7. Advantages of LEIA: Environmental sustainability: LEIA practices promote environmental sustainability by reducing the use of synthetic inputs, which can lead to soil degradation, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Improved soil health: LEIA practices improve soil health by increasing organic matter, nutrients, and microbial activity, which can increase soil fertility and productivity.

8. Lower carbon footprint: LEIA has a lower carbon footprint compared to HEIA due to reduced use of fossil fuels and synthetic inputs. Reduced health risks: LEIA can reduce health risks to farmers and consumers by minimizing exposure to synthetic inputs. Increased biodiversity: LEIA practices promote increased biodiversity through the use of crop rotations, intercropping, and other techniques that support beneficial insects and other wildlife.

9. Disadvantages of (LEIA): Lower yields: LEIA practices may result in lower yields compared to HEIA practices due to the reduced use of synthetic inputs. Higher labor requirements: LEIA practices can require more labor-intensive work due to the use of traditional farming techniques. Limited access to external inputs: LEIA practices can limit access to external inputs such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which can be necessary in certain circumstances to address specific pests or nutrient deficiencies.

10. Dependence on local resources: LEIA practices rely heavily on local resources and knowledge, which may limit the ability to scale up or adapt to changing environmental conditions or market demands.

11. Low-External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) Low-External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) is a series of practices which serve to reinforce ecological principles that are in line with local ecosystems.
Practices such as recycling of plant nutrients (nitrogen and others), minimizing crop losses due to insects and pests, and securing favorable soil conditions for plant growth are just the tip of the hat. The objective of LEISA is to maintain the agricultural production at an optimum level using less external inputs in eco-friendly environment

12. Factors affecting LEISA • Maintaining a living soil • Creating Bio-diversity • Recycling of resources • Natural pest management

13. Basic concept of LEISA Optimize the use of locally available resources. LEISA aims at a stable and adequate production level over the long term. 3. LEISA incorporates that best components of indigenous farmers knowledge and practices. 4. LEISA practices must be developed within each ecologic socio economic systems.

14. Reference https://www.agricorn.in/2023/03/HEIA-LEIA-and-LEISA.html?m=1